Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R R Cooper.
Modified electron-microscopic techniques permit the sectioning of fully mineralized compact bone. Cortical canals in human femur are extensively innervated. Most nerves are unmyelinated and range from 0.5 to 10 micrometers in diameter. I have found a few mixed nerves (myelinated and unmyelinated fibers), one of which was 130 micrometers in diameter.
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The sternocleidomastoid muscles from five children with muscular torticollis--examined by transmission electron microscopy, exhibited a marked increase in interstitial collagen deposition, and scattered areas of amorphous ground substance with electron dense deposits. No vascular abnormalities were observed. Ultrastructural muscle abnormalities showed various stages of immobilization degeneration including nearly complete loss of myofibrils. The muscle abnormalities ultrastructurally are consistent with immobilization degeneration, probably secondary to the marked fibrosis in the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
The Orthopaedic Research Society represents one of the many organizations which has contributed to advances necessary to establish orthopedics as a distinct specialty. The foresight and dedication of its founders and leaders undoubtedly stimulated vital musculoskeletal research upon which much of our present day therapy is based. The prodigious growth of the society in a brief twenty years in number of members, papers presented, and, most importantly, in quality of research engendered, reflects the vitality of contemporary orthopedics. Undoubtedly the Society will contunue to serve as a forum where investigators, both experienced and beginner, may present results of their latest attempts to solve the all too many mysteries of the musculoskeletal system.
We studied 20 intervertebral disks from cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels from patients 12 hours to 55-years-old by electronmicroscopy. Tissue was obtained at operation from 10 patients with scoliosis and 6 with herniation of the intervertebral disk. Four intervertebral disks were removed at autopsies performed within 4 hours of death. Banded structures distinct from native collagen were present in the nuclei pulposi of all intervertebral disks but not in the annuli fibrosi. These structures may be an unusual form of collagen, however they closely resemble extracellular banded structures found in frog muscle spindle that may form from find filaments when the muscle spindle increases in length.