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Biomedical subjects

R R Clark

Publications and source records attributed to R R Clark.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Reactions to other people's cigarette smoking.

Cigarette smoking in social interaction is examined through a study of reactions and perceptions people have to others' smoking in their social presence. A questionnaire was administered to 130 subjects, among whom 57 were smokers, 30 were ex-smokers, and 43 were nonsmokers. Ex-smokers and nonsmokers in particular tended to report a disrupting effect upon their interactions with others when others smoked. Smokers tended to report no effect. Almost nobody reported a positive effect on interactions by others' smoking. This finding is discussed in the context of previous research findings that smokers report an increased social comfort with their own smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Preliminary observations on an intervention program for heavy smokers.

Each of 571 smokers selected one of three methods of smoking cessation: group therapy, individual counseling, and hypnosis. One-year results suggest little difference between the three methods in producing ex-smokers. All methods produced an average success rate of approximately 20%. It should be noted, however, that with all types of verbal or verbally related therapy it is not known precisely how these techniques work or whether the outcomes are really a function of what is put into the therapy by the treatment agent and/or the recipient. It was generally found that younger, more educated smokers chose hypnosis; older, more educated smokers chose group therapy; and older, less-formally educated smokers chose individual counseling while the youngest and generally less educated smokers chose to become nonattenders and not take part in therapy. These results have important implications for designing optimal treatment programs which will be acceptable and effective for the greatest number of smokers.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of combined systemic hypothermia and local heat treatment to enhance temperature differences between tumor and normal tissues.

The feasibility of combining local heat treatment with whole-body hypothermia in an effort to improve therapeutic gain was assessed. Superficial, nonperfused phantom tumors were fashioned in eight anesthetized mongrel dogs by transplantation of the spleen from the abdomen to a subcutaneous site on the hindlimb. After pretreatment of the animal with the vasodilator hydralazine (0.5 mg/kg, IV) to enhance normal tissue perfusion, the spleen implant was heated with a 2450-MHz microwave diathermy apparatus, first with the animal's core body temperature in the normal range (39 degrees C) and then after the animal had been packed in ice to reduce core temperature to 30 degrees C. Applied power density and temperatures in both the phantom tumor and underlying muscle tissue were recorded during brief interruptions of diathermy until steady-state temperatures had been achieved. Under normothermic conditions with time-averaged applied power of 0.038 W/ml to phantom tumor and 0.014 W/ml to underlying muscle, tumor temperature rose to 45.9 +/- 1.8 degree C, while muscle temperature remained at 40.5 +/- 0.7 degree C. During whole-body hypothermia applied power could be increased to 0.114 W/ml in phantom tumor and to 0.025 W/ml in muscle. Muscle temperature rose only to 33.8 +/- 1.6 degree C, while that of the nonperfused phantom tumor rose to 53.6 +/- 4.3 degrees C with systemic hypothermia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗