A technique for catheterization and cystoscopic evaluation of cynomolgus monkey urinary bladders.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
R R Bahnson
Publications and source records attributed to R R Bahnson.
Computed tomographic diagnosis of ureteral obstruction caused by a sloughed papilla.
Computed tomographic imaging was utilized to diagnose ureteral obstruction caused by a sloughed papilla in a patient with renal papillary necrosis and distal renal tubular acidosis.
Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
Adverse implications of acid phosphatase levels in the upper range of normal.
A retrospective review of 102 consecutive patients with surgically staged, clinically localized prostatic carcinoma was performed to determine the relationship between pre-treatment enzymatic acid phosphatase values and histopathological extent of the tumor. Of 96 patients with normal pretreatment acid phosphatase titers (thymolphthalein monophosphate substrate) 77 (80 per cent) had values in the lower and 19 (20 per cent) had values in the upper half of the normal range. Of the latter 19 patients 16 (84 per cent) had histological evidence of extraprostatic tumor extension. Similarly, 5 of 6 patients (83 per cent) with elevated pre-treatment acid phosphatase titers had extraprostatic extension and 1 had a persistent postoperative acid phosphatase elevation that normalized with megestrol acetate therapy. Thus, 22 of 25 patients (88 per cent) with acid phosphatase values in or above the upper half of the normal range had either histological or clinical evidence of extracapsular tumor extension. By contrast, 41 of the 77 patients (53 per cent) with acid phosphatase titers in the lower half of the normal range had extracapsular extension. The predictive value for extraprostatic tumor extension of an acid phosphatase level in the upper half of the normal range was 84 per cent. Furthermore, in the 96 patients with normal acid phosphatase titers the incidence of extraprostatic tumor extension was significantly greater (p less than 0.01, chi-square) in those with values in the upper rather than the lower half of the normal range. Acid phosphatase titers in the upper half of the normal range were proportionately more common among patients with high grade and high clinical stage tumors. However, among patients with low grade and low stage tumors an acid phosphatase value in the upper half of the normal range was an independent variable that correlated with the presence of extracapsular tumor extension. These results confirm previously reported adverse prognostic implications of enzymatic acid phosphatase titers in or above the upper half of the normal range.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Silver nitrate irrigation for hematuria from sickle cell hemoglobinopathy.
Three patients with significant unilateral, gross hematuria owing to sickle cell hemoglobinopathy were treated successfully with retrograde instillation of 1 per cent silver nitrate. There have been no recurrences of gross hematuria during 11 to 15 months of followup. With standard endoscopic evaluation, verification of the etiology of hematuria from sickle hemoglobinopathy and effective treatment can be accomplished quickly and safely.
Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
Water imbibition in the rat prostate during castration-induced regression.
The present study was conducted to examine changes in water concentration in the ventral prostate of adult rats at different intervals following castration. The prostatic dry weight was obtained by drying the fresh prostate at 70 degrees C for at least 110 hr and the prostatic water content was calculated from its wet and dry weight. Under normal conditions, the prostatic water concentration ranges from 81.9 to 82.7% in uncastrated rats. The prostatic water concentration started to increase at 8 hr postcastration (83.1%) but this increase was not statistically significant. By 16 hr postcastration, the prostatic water concentration (83.8%) became significantly higher than that of the uncastrated animals. In rats of day 1 to day 10 postcastration, the prostate contained significantly more water (84.4%-84.7%) than those in uncastrated animals. By day 21 postcastration, the prostatic water concentration (81.5%) was not significantly different from that of uncastrated rats. Unlike the prostate, the skeletal muscle did not significantly change the water concentration following castration. The 51Cr-EDTA space in the prostate was not significantly different in rats before and after castration. These results indicate that water imbibition in the rat prostate is associated with an active period of prostatic regression and that the change in the 51Cr-EDTA space during prostatic regression is not the major cause of water imbibition in the tissue. Therefore, the present findings suggest that castration-induced water imbibition in the rat prostate is caused by an increase in the intracellular water space.
Adrenalectomy↗
Adjuvant radiation therapy in stages C and D1 prostatic adenocarcinoma: preliminary results.
Twenty patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate underwent postradical prostatectomy adjuvant external beam megavoltage radiation therapy because of periprostatic disease in histologic evaluation of the resected specimen. Fourteen of these patients had pathologic Stage C and 6 pathologic Stage D1 disease. Treatment in most patients consisted of 5,000 rad delivered to the true pelvis. The five-year recurrence-free survival was 75 per cent for pathologic Stage C and 41 per cent for Stage D1 disease. The median time to first evidence of treatment failure was fifty months for D1 patients and has not been reached by the C group. Minor complications occurred in 85 per cent of patients and major complications in 5 per cent. In 1 patient with mild, postoperative stress incontinence total urinary incontinence developed after radiation therapy. These preliminary observations suggest a prolonged disease-free interval with an acceptable morbidity is obtained utilizing this regimen.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Ureteral infection stones.
We report a case of recurrent urinary tract infections owing to culture proved ureteral infection stones. Although ureteral catheterization studies unilaterally localized the infection to the upper urinary tract, the direct immunofluorescence antibody test indicative of upper tract infection was negative. The patient was cured of persistent urinary tract infection by antibiotics, ureterolithotomy, resection of the stenotic ureteral segment and ureteroureterostomy.
Adult↗
Cytological atypia in the prostate gland: frequency, distribution and possible relevance to carcinoma.
Frequency and distribution of atypical prostatic hyperplasia were assessed in 51 total prostatectomy specimens for cancer and the data were compared to similar data obtained from analysis of 51 autopsy specimens. Enlargement of columnar cell nuclei in conjunction with preservation of basal cells was chosen as the only criterion for atypia. Depending on the degree of nuclear enlargement, atypia was divided into mild and severe degrees. The evaluation of nuclear atypia was applied to areas of carcinoma as well as to atypical prostatic hyperplasia. There were 3 major findings. 1) Atypical prostatic hyperplasia was found more frequently in prostatectomy specimens (48 of 51 cases) than in autopsy specimens (14 of 37 cases after exclusion of cancer-associated cases) and the difference was significant (p less than 0.001). In addition, atypical prostatic hyperplasia found in prostatectomy specimens was more frequently of severe degree than that in the autopsy specimens (42 of 48 versus 3 of 14 cases, p less than 0.001). 2) The distribution of atypical prostatic hyperplasia and carcinoma in prostatectomy specimens was similar. 3) In a majority of prostatectomy specimens atypical prostatic hyperplasia, when found, was located at sites separate from carcinoma as well as in contiguous areas. Based on these data it is suggested that the presence of a severe degree of nuclear atypia in specimens removed for benign conditions or in prostatic needle biopsies may signify an increased incidence of coexisting carcinoma elsewhere in the prostate or of carcinoma developing in the future. Close followup of these patients may be indicated.
Aged↗
Urosepsis.
Many years ago Osler suggested that "it is of use from time to time to take stock, so to speak, of our knowledge of a particular disease to see where we stand in regard to it, to inquire to what conclusions these accumulated facts seem to point, and to ascertain in what direction we may look for fruitful investigations in the future." With regard to gram-negative bacteremia, there is extant a notable and striking increase in both the incidence of these infections and the involvement of organisms that previously caused disease only uncommonly. Factors related to this escalation include an increase in the number of elderly and debilitated hospitalized patients, the large number of individuals with malignant disease who are immunosuppressed by their disease and the drugs used to treat them, the ubiquity of various types of respirators, drainage tubes, and catheters that may be colonized by gram-negative bacteria, and the progressively increasing resistance of these organisms to a growing number of antimicrobial agents. The emergence of resistance is at least partly due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics, often in combination, for prophylaxis or empiric therapy. It is unfortunate that even the necessary use of antibiotics will increase the frequency of disease caused by these gram-negative organisms. The inescapable conclusion is that gram-negative infections and bacteremia will only increase in prevalence in the future. Investigation of the pathophysiology of shock due to gram-negative sepsis has revealed that most of the physiologic alterations are mediated by products of the host's own immune system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Renal vein thrombosis following puerperal ovarian vein thrombophlebitis.
A case of renal vein thrombosis following puerperal ovarian vein thrombophlebitis is reported. We review the syndrome of puerperal ovarian vein thrombophlebitis and emphasize the potential for renal vein and vena caval involvement. The utility of computed tomographic scanning for diagnostic confirmation of this postpartum complication is described.
Adult↗
Urologic manifestations of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis.
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Acute Kidney Injury↗
Epididymal metastasis from prostatic carcinoma.
A case of epididymal metastasis from carcinoma of the prostate with an unusual presentation is reported. A review of the literature disclosed only 10 reported cases of this rare finding. A mechanism for the method of metastasis in this patient is proposed.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Effect of local alpha-adrenergic blockade on human penile erection.
Recent data suggest that selective local blockade of the alpha-adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic innervation within the corpora cavernosa of the penis will result in erection in normal and impotent subjects. To examine this hypothesis we studied in a randomized, double-blinded fashion 8 impotent patients and 2 normal controls. The organic nature of the impotence was documented with nocturnal penile tumescence testing, sacral latency examination, Doppler penile blood flow measurements, hormonal evaluation and psychological testing. The 2 normal controls had full erections for 5 to 7 minutes after the intracorporeal injection of 5 mg. phentolamine. All of the impotent subjects had tumescence without full erection after a similar injection. The tumescence was augmented by standing upright and diminished by assuming a supine posture, and lasted for several hours. Possible mechanisms, and diagnostic and therapeutic implications are discussed.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
Estimation of canine prostatic size by in vivo ultrasound and volumetric measurement.
Two methods for estimating the weight of the canine prostate gland in vivo were investigated. Twenty-six beagle dogs underwent transrectal and transabdominal ultrasound examination of the prostate, followed by careful, standardized caliper measurement of the prostate at surgical exploration. The prostate glands were then removed and weighed, and nomograms were constructed for use in future laboratory research. The validity of these nomograms for determining prostate weight in vivo was confirmed on evaluation of 6 additional dogs.
Animals↗
Current management of prostatic carcinoma.
Carcinoma of the prostate is the second most common cancer in men. Its exact cause is unknown, but genetic, hormonal, environmental, and infectious factors have all been implicated. There are numerous treatment options available for patients with each stage of prostatic cancer, and it is not desirable to make categoric treatment recommendations. Treatment plans should be tailored to the individual needs of the patient. Although no therapy is uniformly effective, the judicious selection of the available treatment options can minimize the mortality and morbidity associated with prostatic cancer.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
Pre-warmed irrigating solution for TURP.
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Aged↗
Fibroepithelial polyps of the ureter.
We report a case of fibroepithelial polyps of the ureter, which are rare, benign mesodermal tumors. The advantage of ureteroscopic confirmation of this benign tumor is emphasized.
Adult↗
Human prostate cancer cells: inhibition of proliferation by vitamin D analogs.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3, calcitriol] can inhibit the proliferation of some human prostate cancer cells but its clinical use is limited by hypercalcemia. We therefore explored the bioactivity of less calcemic vitamin D analogs. We studied the effects of calcitriol and 3 synthetic analogs at concentrations of 10(-6) to 10(-12) M on the in vitro proliferation of 3 human prostate carcinoma cell lines: DU 145, PC-3, and LNCaP. Calcitriol and analogs showed significant antiproliferative activity on PC-3 and LNCaP cells. DU 145 cells were inhibited by the analogs only. We conclude that vitamin D analogs warrant further investigation as therapeutic agents in prostate cancer.
Calcitriol↗