Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Quintiliani

Publications and source records attributed to R Quintiliani.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Severe meningoencephalitis: complicating Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in a child.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections are infrequently associated with CNS disease. We studied one case of meningoencephalitis associated with serologic evidence of MP infection. The pathogen grew neither from culture of CSF nor from culture of brain tissue. Electron-microscopic examination of the brain biopsy specimen revealed no organisms. Except for a single case in the literature, MP has never been recovered from the CNS, suggesting that MP-associated CNS disease is not caused by direct invasion of the CNS by MP.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Penetration characteristics of cefamandole into the right atrial appendage and pericardial fluid in patients undergoing open-heart surgery.

In 24 patients undergoing open-heart operation, 2 gm of cefamandole was administered intravenously by bolus technique at various time intervals prior to operation. Samples of pericardial fluid, atrial appendage tissue, and serum were obtained simultaneously in order to compare antibiotic levels in these sites as a function of time. All samples were microbiologically assayed by disc diffusion. Using linear regression analysis, the atrial appendage and serum half-lives for cefamandole were 36 and 38 minutes, respectively. At 40 minutes, peak levels of cefamandole were observed both in pericardial fluid and in atrial appendage tissue. The peak concentrations of cefamandole were 50 micrograms/gm in atrial appendage and 25 micrograms/ml for free drug content in pericardial fluid. These amounts were appreciably above the mean minimum inhibitory concentration of cefamandole for penicillin-resistant staphylococci, the usual pathogens grown in infections following implant operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Effect of protein binding on the penetration of nonmetabolized cephalosporins into atrial appendage and pericardial fluids in open-heart surgical patients.

At various times before surgery, 33 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass or cardiac valve replacement surgery received a single 2.0-g dose of either cefazolin or cephradine. Simultaneous single serum, atrial appendage, and pericardial fluid samples were obtained from the patients at various times and analyzed for drug content. Compared with cephradine, cefazolin yielded higher total serum, atrial appendage, and pericardial fluid levels. Unbound (free) levels of cephradine in serum and pericardial fluid were, however, higher than those of cefazolin. It remains uncertain whether the higher and more prolonged total levels of cefazolin in the right atrial appendage and in serum, or the higher free levels of cephradine in pericardial fluid and in serum, provide either one with a therapeutic advantage.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A common source outbreak of Acinetobacter pulmonary infections traced to Wright respirometers.

Over a 30-day period, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. antiratus was the responsible pathogen for hospital-acquired pneumonia in 10 patients, and resulted in the colonization of the upper respiratory tract in an additional 9 patients. Wright respirometers contaminated by this organism were shown to be the common source for the outbreak as indicated by the recovery of a single serotype (8J), the inability to recover Acinetobacter from any other environmental source, and the demonstration that moisturized Wright respirometers are capable of "aerosolizing" fluids containing Acinetobacter.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed1979

The atypical pneumonias: a diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

Mycoplasmal pneumonia, tularemic pneumonia, Q fever pneumonia, psittacosis, and Legionnaires' disease are the most frequently encountered treatable atypical pneumonias. Mycoplasmal pneumonia, the most common, is often accompanied by nonexudative pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, or otitis. The nonproductive cough is characteristic. Tularemic pneumonia is characterized by substernal chest pain, bloody pleural effusion, and bilateral hilar adenopathy. Although the clinical presentation is mild, roentgenographic findings are impressive. Q fever pneumonia resembles psittacosis but is less serious; it may be accompanied by subacute bacterial endocarditis, hepatitis, or both. Psittacosis is characterized by prominent headache, bloody sputum, and relative bradycardia. Tetracycline is the drug of choice for either. In Legionnaires' disease, pneumonia is accompanied by prominent extrapulmonary symptoms. The most important diagnostic clues include diarrhea and mental confusion. Relative bradycardia and laboratory abnormalities are also helpful. Erythromycin is the drug of choice unless doubt exists as to the diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Penetration of cephapirin and cephalothin into the right atrial appendage and pericardial fluid of patients undergoing open-heart surgery.

To prevent infection in 27 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass or cardiac valve replacement surgery, each patient received a single 2-g dose of either cephalothin or cephapirin intravenously before the operation (prior to opening of the chest cavity). Samples of the right atrial appendage, pericardial fluid, and serum were obtained at various intervals after injection of the antibiotic and were assayed for cephalosporin concentrations. Cephapirin consistently reached higher levels than cephalothin in the right atrial appendage and pericardial fluid; both cephalosporins, however, reach concentrations in these sites well above their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for penicillin-resistant staphylococci. Of particular interest was the brevity of the period (about 100 min) during which levels of both antibiotics were maintained above the MIC in the right atrial appendage. This finding emphasizes the need for administration of these antibiotics shortly before surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Ticarcillin.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Physiological perfusion model for cephalosporin antibiotics I: Model selection based on blood drug concentrations.

Various cephalosporins with different degrees of protein binding were administered to human volunteers. Blood samples were collected as a function of time and were assayed for drug content by a microbiological assay. A pharmacokinetic analysis of the data was performed using a two-compartment model with and without protein binding in the central compartment and a perfusion model. Both the two-compartment model without protein binding and the physiological perfusion model adequately described the blood levels of all three cephalosporins.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1978

Pharmacokinetics of oral cephalosporins: cephradine cephalexin.

A crossover experiment was utilized to compare the pharmacokinetics of a 1-g dose of cephalexin tablets, cephalexin capsules, or cephradine capsules in nine normal human volunteers. These antibiotics were administered as three formulations: two 500-mg capsulin every 6 hr for five doses, and one 1000-mg tablet of cephalexin every 6 hr for five doses. Pharmacokinetic parameters in the experimental groups showed no statistical differences (p greater than 0.1), indicating that these drugs are equivalent pharmacokinetically.

Administration, Oral↗