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Biomedical subjects

R Price

Publications and source records attributed to R Price.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Kidney complications.

Diabetic glomerulosclerosis in man and in all spontaneous-onset and chemically induced diabetes in experimental models is characterized by diffuse increase in mesangial matrix and glomerular basement membrane thickening. The most prominent features of the biochemical changes in the glomerular basement membrane are increase in the collagen-like components, decreased sialic acid, and increased glucosylation. However, the heterogeneity of the various glycoprotein components of the glomerular basement membrane and related components of the mesangium make comparative biochemistry difficult. Increased glomerular blood flow with no apparent alterations in the glomerular filtration coefficient in diabetes may be attributed to altered vascular control mechanisms which may include both hormonal mediation as well as changes in end-organ responsiveness. Although proteinuria is a common manifestation of diabetic involvement of the glomerulus, there is little biochemical or physiologic evidence as to the specific causes of increased glomerular filtration apparatus permeability. Further information as to the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular disease of the kidney and the ability to reverse pathologic changes by correction of the metabolic milieu will require analysis of carefully selected animal models. Particular care in experimental design must include the ability to integrate pathology, physiology, and biochemistry in each model in order to relate the information to human renal diabetic complications.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis. Comparison with auditory and visual evoked potentials.

Short-latency somatosensory potentials after median nerve stimulation were recorded in 17 patients with clinically definite cases of multiple sclerosis and in 15 patients with probable, possible, or suspected cases. Abnormalities, usually prolongation of component wave latencies, were found in 20 patients, often with normal clinicaly sensory testing. Abnormalities in brief auditory evoked potentials were found less often but were significantly more frequent in the group with clinically definite cases. Pattern evoked visual potentials may have been more useful in identifying early cases. The recording of all three evoked potentials showed an abnormality of at least one in most patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The long term effect of sphincter preserving operations for rectal carcinoma on function of the anal sphincter in man.

Anal function was studied in 20 normal subjects and in 20 patients who had undergone sphincter-saving resection of the rectum for carcinoma. In each the anastomosis had been constructed 3-7 cm from the anal verge. Inhibition of the internal sphincter was judged to have taken place when distension of a balloon 10 cm from the anal verge produced an immediate fall of at least 20 per cent in resting anal pressure as measured by a balloon probe: inhibition of the external sphincter in response to the same stimulus was defined as complete cessation of EMG activity. Threshold for sensation was the minimal volume of balloon distension required to elicit a response. Maximum tolerable volume was the largest volume of distension tolerated. Inhibition of the activity of the internal sphincter was found in all controls and in 17 of 20 patients. External sphincter activity was inhibited in 16 of 20 controls and 11 of 19 patients. Threshold for sensation and its quality were similar in both groups. Patients had more frequent bowel actions than the controls which is probably explained by significant reductions in resting and pressure and maximum tolerable volume found in patients. These results suggest that some, at least, of the physiological mechanisms subserving continence remain intact after complete or nearly complete excision of the rectum.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Studies on red-cell aplasia: IX. Ferrokinetics during remission of the disease.

Ferrokinetic studies and external organ measurements of radioiron were performed on five patients with pure red-cell aplasia (PRCA) in remission. One patient with PRCA in relapse was also studied. Of those in remission, one patient had erythroid hyperplasia and ineffective erythropoiesis after the remission occurred. This was indicated by a very short 59Fe clearance rate and reduced red-cell 59Fe incorporation, a marked increase of the erythron iron turnover over the fixed red-cell iron turnover, and a prolonged marrow transit time. These indices were normal three years later. Four patients had normal effective erythropoiesis while in remission. Two patients had an extended marrow distribution. These studies indicate that some cases of PRCA evolve into a state of ineffective erythropoiesis with erythroid hyperplasia. It is possible that in some patients, primary refractory anemia with ineffective erythropoiesis may be related to PRCA because of the evolution from one state into the other. Alternatively, a second pathologic process may have been acquired between the PRCA and normal hematopoiesis.

Adult↗