[Facial and mediastinal emphysema after tooth extraction].
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Emphysema↗
Biomedical subjects
R Prager
Publications and source records attributed to R Prager.
[Continuous hemofiltration through a polysulfone membrane].
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Blood↗
Effect of bezafibrate on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins AI, AII and B and LCAT activity in hyperlipidemic, non-insulin-dependent diabetics.
The effect of bezafibrate on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins AI, AII and B, and LCAT activity was investigated in 16 hyperlipidemic, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, who were treated for 8 weeks with either placebo or bezafibrate in a double-blind cross-over design. Bezafibrate induced a significant decrease in plasma triglycerides (P less than 0.01), cholesterol (P less than 0.05), VLDL triglycerides (P less than 0.05) and VLDL cholesterol (P less than 0.01), and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (P less than 0.01), whereas LDL cholesterol remained unchanged. The apolipoprotein AI/apolipoprotein B ratio increased significantly (P less than 0.05), although individual changes in these apolipoproteins were not significant. Apolipoprotein AII increased significantly (P less than 0.05), although individual changes in these apolipoproteins were not significant. Apolipoprotein AII increased significantly (P less than 0.0001) and the apolipoprotein AI/apolipoprotein AII ratio decreased (P less than 0.0001), indicating an increase in the HDL3 rather than the HDL2 fraction. No significant change in LCAT activity was observed.
Aged↗
Characterization of the transposons Tn1822 (Tc) and Tn1824 (TpSm) and the light they throw on the natural spread of resistance genes.
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Conjugation, Genetic↗
Comparison of insulin receptor binding to monocytes and erythrocytes in newly diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus.
Insulin binding to circulating monocytes and erythrocytes was studied in 20 healthy volunteers and in 25 obese hyperinsulinemic newly diagnosed type-II diabetics. In type-II diabetics insulin binding to monocytes as well as to erythrocytes was significantly decreased in comparison with healthy individuals. The lowered insulin binding of the diabetics was mainly caused by a loss of receptor number. Individual analysis of the binding data, however, shows a marked discrepancy between receptor binding to circulating monocytes compared with erythrocytes. Since insulin binding to erythrocytes shows a great variation and seems to be influenced by other factors beside insulin concentrations it is suggested that insulin receptors on monocytes should be preferred for evaluation of peripheral insulin sensitivity.
Adult↗
[Diabetes therapy with continuous insulin infusion by a portable pump: metabolic effects of short-term treatment and long-term results in problem patients].
In the present study the influence of a near normoglycemic state induced by continuous insulin infusion on various factors possibly involved in the pathophysiology of late diabetic complications was studied in 9 insulin-dependent diabetics. The application of a two-week continuous intravenous insulin infusion (CIVII) resulted in a normalisation of lipoprotein- and apolipoprotein fractions, whereas the in vivo platelet function remained unchanged. The low-T3-syndrome associated with an insufficient metabolic control in diabetics disappeared under the CIVII-treatment. The long-term effect of subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) administered by portable pumps was evaluated in 14 diabetic patients with different clinical problems or complications. Although the metabolic control and the daily life conditions improved significantly in these patients, nevertheless the pump treatment should be restricted at the present time to diabetics, who cannot be sufficiently controlled by conventional insulin therapy.
Adult↗
[General intensive care medicine for internal diseases--first experiences at the newly opened intensive care unit at the 2d Vienna Medical University Department].
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Abdomen, Acute↗
[Platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin (PGI2) in patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus (author's transl)].
Platelet function (ADP-induced platelet aggregation) in 20 patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus was not different from that of age- and sex-matched controls. Platelet sensitivity to exogenous PGI2 was not diminished in diabetic patients. No sex differences were detected. There was no correlation between concomitant blood glucose levels and platelet sensitivity to PGI2.
Adenosine Diphosphate↗
[HDL-cholesterol in diabetes mellitus. Analysis of type of diabetes, therapy, duration of disease and metabolic control (author's transl)].
Plasma lipid and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were analyzed in 261 patients with type I (n = 90) and type II (n = 171) diabetes mellitus and related to the type of diabetes, therapy, metabolic control and duration of disease. Although atherosclerotic lesions are significantly increased in diabetics, HDL-cholesterol values were significantly lowered only in females with type II diabetes as compared with the controls. Type II diabetes on insulin therapy exhibited significantly elevated HDL-cholesterol values as compared with diabetics treated by diet or by diet and oral hypoglycaemic agents. This seems of particular interest since the latter two groups showed significantly better metabolic control--evaluated by HbA1--than the insulin-treated type II diabetics. No correlation was found between metabolic control (HbA1) and HDL-cholesterol values in patients with type I or type II diabetes mellitus. Duration of disease did not have any influence on HDL-cholesterol in type I or type II diabetics. In conclusion, HDL-cholesterol does not seem to be a suitable indicator for assessing the well-known risk of late atherosclerotic complications in diabetes mellitus.
Adolescent↗
Evaluation of catheter thrombogenicity in vivo with indium-labeled platelets.
Platelets labeled with a lipid-soluble indium-111 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) complex were evaluated as an agent to measure the rate and degree of in vivo platelet accumulation on catheters. Polyethylene catheters and Teflon-coated guidewires were inserted into the femoral arteries or veins of dogs that had been injected with indium-labeled platelets. The catheters were passed to either the abdominal aorta or inferior vena cava and left in situ for 30 minutes to three hours. Images were obtained every five minutes with a gamma camera. This labeling technique is reproducible, allows multiple testing with a single preparation, and is relatively noninvasive. The results are easily quantitated to allow testing of different materials and coatings.
Animals↗
[The clinical importance of glycohaemoglobin (HbA1) (author's transl)].
Glycosylated haemoglobin provides an integrative measure of long-term glycaemic levels and complements conventional glucose monitoring in the management of diabetes. The present study was determined to review nomenclature, biochemistry and the analytic methods available for measurement of HbA1. Clinical studies are reported that relate HbA1 concentrations to various parameters of glucose control, diabetes type and diabetes therapy. Moreover, this review considers nondiabetic disorders that are associated with falsely abnormal HbA1 levels and in addition, the value of HbA1 in predicting complications of diabetes and in the diagnosis of subclinical diabetes is discussed.
Blood Glucose↗
Solitary osteochondroma of T4 with thoracic cord compression.
A patient with a solitary osteochondroma of T4 presented with a five-year history of back pain and progressive paraparesis. Conventional and computed tomography delineated the tumor, which was totally removed via a thoracic laminectomy. Osteochondroma is an unusual cause of spinal cord compression.
Adult↗
Ionized and bound calcium inside isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle and its significance in phosphorylation of adenosine triphosphatase by orthophosphate.
Calcium loading of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum performed passively by incubation with high calcium concentrations (0.5--15 mM) on ice gives calcium loads of 50--60 nmol/mg sarcoplasmic reticulum protein. This accumulated calcium is not released by EGTA [ethyleneglycol bis-(2-aminoethyl)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid], but almost completely released by ionophore X-537A plus EGTA or phospholipase A plus EGTA treatment and is therefore assumed to be inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This calcium is distributed in one saturable and one non-saturable calcium compartment, as derived from the dependence of the calcium load on the calcium concentration in the medium. These compartments are assigned to bound and ionized calcium inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum, respectively. Maximum calcium binding under these conditions was 33 nmol/mg protein with an apparent half-saturation constant of 5,8 nmol/mg free calcium inside, or between 1.2 and 0.6 mM free calcium inside, assuming an average vesicular water space of 5 or 10 microliter/mg protein, respectively. Calcium-dependent phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-transport ATPase from orthophosphate depends on the square of free calcium inside, whilst inhibition of phosphorylation depends on the square of free calcium in the medium. Calcium-dependent phosphorylation appears to be determined by the free calcium concentrations inside or outside allowing calcium binding to the ATPase according to the two classes of calcium binding constants for low affinity calcium binding or high affinity calcium binding, respectively. It is further suggested that the saturation of the low-affinity calcium-binding sites of the ATPase facing the inside of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane is responsible for the greater apparent orthophosphate and magnesium affinity in calcium-dependent phosphorylation than in calcium-independent phosphorylation from orthophosphate. Maximum calcium-dependent phosphoprotein formation at 20 degrees C and pH 7.0 is about 4 nmol/mg sarcoplasmic reticulum protein.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
Glycogen metabolism in the placenta of streptozotocin diabetic rats.
Administration of STZ prior to mating, induced significant impairment in glycogen metabolism in term rat placentae. Glycogen retention was observed in the treated placentae, while glycogen synthetase activity was reduced. The glycogenolytic pathway seemed to proceed mainly through amyloglucosidase enzyme whose activity increased threefold. Glucose-6-phosphatase showed a moderate activation, mainly in the labyrinth zone, while phosphorylase was slightly inhibited. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in placental insulin levels. The possible defensive role played by the placenta in cases of maternal hyperglycemia was postulated.
Animals↗
Calcium gradient-dependent and calcium gradient-independent phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum by orthophosphate. The role of magnesium.
Phosphorylation of the calcium-transport ATPase of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum by inorganic phosphate was investigated in the presence or absence of a calcium gradient. The maximum phosphoprotein formation in the presence of a calcium gradient at 20 degrees C and pH 7.0 is approximately 4 nmol/mg sarcoplasmic reticulum protein, but only between 2.4 and 2.8 nmol/mg protein in the absence of a calcium gradient, using Ionophore X-537 A or phospholipase-A-treated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. Maximum phosphoprotein formation independent of calcium gradient at 20 degrees C and pH 6.2 is in the range of 3.6--4 nmol/mg protein. Half-maximum phosphoprotein formation dependent on calcium gradient was achieved with 0.1--0.2 mM free orthophosphate at 10 mM free magnesium or at 0.1--0.2 mM free magnesium at 10 mM free orthophosphate. Phosphoprotein formation independent of calcium gradient is in accordance with a model which assumes, firstly, the formation of a ternary complex of the ATPase protein with orthophosphate and magnesium (E . Pi . Mg) in equilibrium with the phosphoprotein (E-Pi . Mg) and, secondly, an interdependence of both ions in the formation of the ternary complex. The apparent equilibrium constant was 0.6 and the apparent dissociation constants KMg, KMg', KPi and KPi' were 8.8, 1.9, 7.2 and 1.5 mM respectively, assuming a total concentration of the phosphorylation site per enzyme of 7 nmol/mg protein.
Animals↗
[Morphological and biochemical changes in the placenta of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats].
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Animals↗
An experience with a LeVeen ascites shunt.
A patient with intractable ascites was treated by placement of the LeVeen peritoneovenous shunt. Shunt failure was caused by malpositioning of the venous limb in the inferior vena cava. This was demonstrated by injection of water-soluble contrast material into the venous limb. Revision of the shunt led to diuresis, weight loss, and reduction of ascites. The physiologic process of the LeVeen shunt is reviewed and we suggest placement of a radiopaque marker into the tubing.
Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical↗
The benefits of corticosteroids in endotoxic shock.
The experiments reported here were undertaken to study the effects of pharmacological doses of corticosteroids administered alone or in conjunction with prolonged (12-hour) assisted circulation in 22 dogs subjected to LD50-60 Escherichia coli endotoxin. The most striking findings were lengthened survival time, higher cardiac output, decreased fluid requirement, and minimal evidence of pulmonary congestion or injury in the animals treated with steroids only. Unexplained mesenteric infarction prematurely terminated the experiments in animals undergoing assisted circulation. The benefits of corticosteroids in experimentally induced endotoxic shock are clearly demonstrated in these experiments. Further studies are needed to clarify the supportive role of assisted circulation in endotoxic shock and to determine any possible advantage of hypothermia over normothermia during its course.
Animals↗