Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Pospísil

Publications and source records attributed to R Pospísil.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Surgical treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma 1970-2001].

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer (LC) is a permanent medical and social problem. 5709 patients died in the year 2000 of this disease in Czech Republic. Its incidence in men is 100/100,000 and it shows only small trend to decrease. In women the incidence has reached 22/100,000 and is still rising. The ratio males/females in the whole country is 4:1, in pulmonary department of University hospital Motol is close to 2:1. The optimal way of treatment is a surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: From the data about diagnostics and operability in Pneumological Clinic of the 1st Medical Faculty of the Charles University (former 2nd Clinic of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases) and from adequate data obtained from the Pulmonary department of University hospital Motol we can see that the number of operated patients increased from 20% in 1970 to 28% in 2001. When compared two set of patients operated in the period 1985-1990 and 1998-2001 we learned the change of the ratio males/females (from 17:1 to 2:1), lower number of pneumonectomies (from 34% to 31%), lower number of exploratory thoracotomies (from 13% to 5%), decrease of perioperative mortality from 10% do 2%. The percentage of correct clinical when compared to pathological TNM staging was similar in both periods (55% in the period 1985-1990 and 53% in the period 1998-2001). In the article we describe also results of diagnostics, induction and adjuvant treatment and possibilities of the increase of operability of the patients with lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The authors think that despite some improvements in several parameters, the 5-year survival of patients with lung cancer is in our country and the whole world still unsatisfactory. We recommend the revision of current attitude to the screening of lung cancer and we recommend joining the running European-American trials of screening of such patients with the help of low-dose spiral CT.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed2003

[Lymphadenectomy in gastric carcinoma--present status, new trends and personal experience].

The only hope for long time survival in gastric cancer is radical surgery with complete tumour removal. Lymphadenectomy as a part of surgical procedure helps to remove tumour completely. The value of lymphadenectomy for staging is clear and surgeons have no doubt about it. Therapeutic effect of lymphadenectomy with improvement of the prognosis remains uncertain. In this work we would like to discuss current trends in lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer, especially evaluating the value and extent of the procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Benign stenoses of the large respiratory airways].

BACKGROUND: Benign stenoses of main respiratory pathways develop usually in patients after intubation or tracheostomy. Incidence of such states is not known, they are frequently diagnosed too late, and there are different views of their treatment. In order to contribute to the improvement of our knowledge of this serious impairment we followed prospectively all patients with this diagnose at our department since March 1998. METHODS AND RESULTS: The group of 31 patients with benign stenoses of non-tumorous origin diagnosed and treated at the TRN of the Teaching Hospital Motol in years 1998 to 2000 consisted of 24 males and 7 females, age median was 52 years. Stenosis was caused in 27 patients by intubation, in 4 patients by some other causes. At admission we performed in 30 patients electrocauterization and dilatation of stenosis, one patient was immediately indicated for surgery. Beside two cases we always achieved sufficient patency of stenosis and weighted indication to surgery. We sent for surgery 15 patients, 10 patients were permanently healed using methods of interventional bronchoscopy, including introduction of stent in 6 cases. From the remaining 6 patients, two of them are planned for resection of stenosis, four are inoperable from various reasons, and two died of causes not related to stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our experience we recommend as an optimal management of such patients is the dilatation or removal of stenosis and then always to consider resection of trachea. In inoperable cases methods of interventional bronchoscopy should be used. Authors recommend sending all patients intubated longer than 2 days for bronchoscopic examination in interval of 2 months.

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMed2001

[Occlusion of a post-pneumonectomy bronchopleural fistula using the Dumon stent].

A postoperative bronchiopleural fistula associated with empyema of the chest is a serious complication in thoracic surgery, in particular when it develops after pneumonectomy. Some patients are in a condition which threatens their life and rules out extensive surgical interventions. Immediate thoracic drainage, thoracoscopic revision and sanation of the empyema cavity and endoscopic closure of the fistula are in indicated cases a therapeutic alternative of open surgical procedures. The justification of these miniinvasive procedures is confirmed by the submitted case-record of a successfully cured fistula associated with empyema of the chest after pneumonectomy. At the same time, based on assembled experience, the authors draw attention to the possible use of a stent.

Bronchial Fistula↗
PubMed2001

[Importance of parenchymal-sparing operations in the treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma].

Parenchyma-sparing operations or bronchoplastic operations are an important surgical technique in the surgical treatment of centrally located bronchogenic carcinoma. At present they are used in indicated cases also in patients without restricted pulmonary functions who are able to undergo pneumonectomy. For the patient bronchoplastic operations involve a smaller surgical stress as compared with pneumonectomy and a lower postoperative mortality and morbidity. Comparison of the two surgical techniques and the immediate results are presented by the authors. They fully confirm the conclusions of many other authors from abroad who prefer, in order to reduce postoperative complications, parenchyma-sparing operations to pneumonectomy regardless of functional respiratory parameters. Large groups provide evidence of at least a comparable period of survival in these operations as compared with pneumonectomies, and moreover a better quality of life.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Radical treatment of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the thoracic wall].

Primitive neuroectodermal tumours are one of the histological types of soft tissue sarcomas. Although the maximum incidence of these tumours is at a relatively young age, they may be encountered also after the fifth decade. As apparent from the submitted case-record, their clinical and histological diagnosis can be relatively difficult. Treatment is extremely pretentious and the only hope for the patient is radical surgery. After an extensive resection of the thoracic wall the authors decided to replace it by an allograft. The excellent functional and cosmetic results and the relatively long period without signs of a relapse are evidence that the selected procedure was justified.

Female↗
PubMed1999

[Chylothorax--a rare type of pleural effusion. Case report].

Chylothorax is a rare type of pleural exudate. The diagnosis, assessment of etiology, reflections on the type of treatment, as well as treatment are associated with various pitfalls. The authors present the case-history of a patient with spontaneous chylothorax on the right who was successfully treated by surgery after possible ways of conservative treatment were exhausted. Surgical treatment involved severing and ligature of the thoracic duct.

Chylothorax↗
PubMed1996

Early ontogeny of immune cells and their functions in the fetal pig.

The origin of immune cells and their products have been studied in the prenatal period in miniature pigs. Macrophages were first detected on day 25, and myelocytes and lymphoid cells by day 28. Membrane antigens SLA-DR and CD45 were found by day 22, membrane molecules MG-7, 8/1, CD1, CD2 and 74-22 by day 28, Gamma/delta T cells were found initially in extrathymic sites (in the liver). The first gamma/delta T cells were detected as early as 40 days of gestation. The expression of fibronectin, Thy-1 and its message, Ig isotypes and the first induction of IFN alpha were described.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Distribution of gamma delta T cells in the pig foetus.

The distribution of gamma delta T cells during different developmental stages of pig foetuses was studied using monoclonal antibodies directed against a ruminant WC1 antigen, a T-cell receptor (TCR) subset epitope, and pig Null T-cell antigen. Binding was revealed by the avidin/biotin/peroxidase technique on cryostat sections and flow cytometry analysis. The extrathymic origin of gamma delta T cells was confirmed: gamma delta T cells appeared in the liver, spleen and peripheral blood sooner than in the thymus. In the course of the second half of gestation, these T cells were found in the dermis and intestinal mucosal compartments which represented the predominant loci of gamma delta T cells after birth.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Skin response to tuberculin in pig foetuses and germ-free piglets.

Cellular response to intradermally administered PPD (2 TU) was demonstrated in pig foetuses of various ages and in germ-free piglets. CD2+, CD4+, CD8-, 86D-, SLA-D- T lymphocytes were the predominant cells in the skin tuberculin reaction in both foetuses and germ-free animals. Reactive T cells were observed as early as in mid-gestation, whereas SLA-D+ (porcine MHC class II) cells appeared only in older foetuses. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were never observed in the PPD reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of antigen-binding protein in earthworms Lumbricus terrestris and Eisenia foetida.

Injection of antigen into the annelid worms Lumbricus terrestris (LT) and Eisenia foetida (EF) results in a marked increase of coelomic fluid protein concentration and the formation of a protein which binds the stimulating antigen (3). In this report we show that the increases in total protein concentration after first and second doses of antigen were higher and were achieved earlier in LT than in EF, while the accumulation of antigen-binding protein in coelomic fluid was similar in both species. Antigen-binding protein isolated by affinity chromatography retained its original binding activity. Its molecular weight in coelomic fluid as well as after isolation was 56 kD when analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Under reducing conditions, two bands with mol./wt. 31 and 33 kD appeared which did not reveal detectable binding activity. This suggests that the 56 kD binding protein of annelids is composed of two disulphide-linked polypeptide chains both of which participate in antigen-binding site formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in clinical material 1985-1988].

Investigation of 529 smears from the uterine cervix of women before delivery, during the puerperium and before induced abortion revealed positive findings in 25.2% of women before delivery and in 19.3% of women before induced abortion. Perinatal infection was confirmed by a positive finding of Ch. t. in 12.8% neonates with conjunctivitis and 15.4% from the nasopharynx. The direct immunofluorescent method was used. In another group of women examined by the serological method ELISA, from a total of 182 sera in 41.7% the presence of IgG antibodies was detected. In cervical smears from 10 seropositive women in seven Ch. t. was positive.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1987

[Evaluation of synthetic activity of lymphocyte nucleoli and phagocytic activity in peripheral blood leukocytes in heifers after infection with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus].

The biosynthetic activity of the nucleoli of peripheral blood lymphocytes in calves, and the proportion of lymphocytes with the micronucleoli, with compact and ring-shaped nucleoli, were evaluated after experimental intranasal and intratracheal infections with the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus. IBR virus belongs to the group of herpes viruses, the control of which is dominated by cellular immunity. The results are compared with the values for phagocytizing neutrophils, phagocytic activity and phagocytic index of the leucocytes of peripheral blood and with some basic haematological data.

Animals↗