Biomedical subjects
R Peto
Publications and source records attributed to R Peto.
Prospective study of women using different methods of contraception.
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A study of Hemophilus influenzae precipitins in the serum of working men in relation to smoking habits, bronchial infection, and airway obstruction.
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Weibull distributions for continuous-carcinogenesis experiments.
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Conservatism of the approximation sigma (O-E)2-E in the logrank test for survival data or tumor incidence data.
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On the persistence of tumour initiation and the acceleration of tumour progression in mouse skin tumorigenesis.
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Statistical analysis of the bioassay of continuous carcinogens.
In an experiment consisting of the continuous constant application of various carcinogenic regimens to a pure strain of experimental animals for a long period, the cancer incidence rates so caused may be studied and compared by the fit of an appropriate class of statistical distributions. In this paper we show that a Weibull distribution in which the age-specific cancer incidence rate rises as a power of time since first risk is more appropriate than a lognormal distribution. If the Weibull family of distributions is used, more information can be extracted from the data, and differences of toxicity between various regimens will not bias the comparison of their carcinogenic forces.
Characteristics of women using different methods of contraception--some preliminary findings from a prospective study.
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Factors of prognostic significance in myelomatosis.
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Myeloma and leukaemia trials.
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Comparison of the effect of different types of exercise on the baroreflex regulation of heart rate.
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Urea, albumin, and response rates.
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Interaction between ABO and rhesus blood groups, the site of origin of gastric cancers, and the age and sex of the patient.
ABO and Rhesus blood group data have been examined for 1,680 patients treated for gastric cancer in four London hospitals. The risk of developing gastric cancer was estimated to be 16% higher for group A subjects than for group O subjects, in close agreement with many previous reports throughout the world. More detailed analysis failed to support the suggestion that there was any special correlation between either ABO or Rhesus blood groups and the site of origin of the tumour within the stomach or the sex or age of the patient. Male predominance among the patients was noted to be greater at ages 40-69 years than at other ages and greater for tumours of the upper two thirds of the stomach than for tumours that arose distally.
Effect of age and high blood pressure on baroreflex sensitivity in man.
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Liver and lung tumors in mice exposed at birth to 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene or its 2-methyl or 3'-methyl derivatives.
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Tumor induction by plastic films: attempt to correlate carcinogenic activity with certain physicochemical properties of the implant.
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The effect of the age of mice on the incidence of skin cancer.
The plausibilities of two hypotheses explaining the increased cancer incidence rate in old age caused by a constant dose of carcinogen were compared using a mouse skin painting experiment in which two groups of mice started treatment at different ages. It was shown that the hypothesis of the increased rate being caused simply by increased vulnerability of old animals was not as plausible as the alternative hypothesis of the carcinogen acting to some extent cumulatively.
Comparative carcinogenicity for mouse-skin of smoke condensates prepared from cigarettes made from the same tobacco cured by two processes.
Bright tobacco grown in Mexico was either flue-cured and redried (FC) or air-cured and bulk-fermented (AC). Both FC and AC were made into cigarettes standardized for draw resistance. FC and AC cigarettes were smoked under similar conditions in a smoking machine (one 2-second 25 ml. puff per minute down to a 20 mm. butt length). Condensates were kept at 0-4° C. until applied to the skin of mice.Three groups of 400 female Swiss mice were treated as follows: Group 1- thrice weekly application of 60 mg. FC in 0.25 ml. acetone to the clipped dorsal skin: Group 2- similar treatment with AC; Group 3-thrice weekly application of 0.25 ml. acetone only.Chemical analysis of the 2 tobaccos and 2 condensates revealed only small differences in composition and it is noteworthy that the concentration of reducing sugars was almost as high as in the AC tobacco as in the FC tobacco.The risk of development of skin tumours, particularly malignant skin tumours, was higher in FC-treated mice than in AC-treated mice (p < 0.01), but the difference may have been due to the use of equal weights of condensates rather than the use of extracts from equal numbers of cigarettes, since the AC cigarettes produced more condensate. The rates of detection of pulmonary tumours also varied between groups (p < 0.01) but this does not necessarily imply that the incidence rates of pulmonary tumours varied. There was no evidence that the detection or incidence rates of any other neoplasms, including malignant lymphoma, were affected by treatment with either of the condensates.