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Biomedical subjects

R Perkins

Publications and source records attributed to R Perkins.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Economics of low-flow anaesthesia in children.

We have measured the consumption of isoflurane and fresh gas flows in 77 infants and children during 20 all-day operating sessions using either the enclosed Mapleson A or the circle absorber mode of the Carden 'Ventmasta' ventilator. The average consumption (SD) of isoflurane in 37 patients anaesthetised using the A mode of the Carden system with a mean fresh gas flow of 2.61 min-1 was 11.1 (4.2) g.h-1, while that in 40 patients anaesthetised using the circle absorber mode with a mean fresh gas flow of 1.21 min-1 was 4.7 (1.0) g.h-1. These figures represent an overall saving of 58% in the use of isoflurane (p < 0.0001) and a mean reduction in fresh gas flow of 54% (p < 0.0001) as a result of using low-flow anaesthesia. With the addition of small bore breathing hoses the adult circle absorber system was practical to use in both infants and children. These findings should stimulate interest in the use of low-flow techniques in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Evaluating services for women with serious and ongoing mental health problems: developing an appropriate research method.

Despite an increase in the literature on women with less disabling or transitory mental health problems, there is little relating to women with serious and ongoing difficulties. In considering the means by which the needs of this population might be studied, tension arises over methodology. Research comparing the clinical, functional and service use characteristics of women and men might demonstrate their different mental health problems but would neither elucidate women's particular needs nor examine the social reasons for this difference. A feminist methodology would, however, offer a means of exploring the experiences of women, a framework for understanding sex differences, and generate findings that would be beneficial to women. The present study gives an insight into ways in which the exploration of sex differences can be combined with a study of women for women without compromising the relevance and impact of the findings.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Healthy and unhealthy life styles of female brothel workers and call girls (private sex workers) in Sydney.

Two groups of female sex workers were compared with respect to their healthy or unhealthy life styles. Both 'call girls' (private sex workers) and brothel workers were infected with sexually transmitted diseases as often in their noncommercial sexual relations as in their work, smoking was a serious problem for both, and each group endured problems from clients specific to their work sites. However, overall, the call girls had healthier life styles, but were more vulnerable to pressures from clients for unsafe sex and to potential violence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Determination of robust ocular pharmacokinetic parameters in serum and vitreous humor of albino rabbits following systemic administration of ciprofloxacin from sparse data sets by using IT2S, a population pharmacokinetic modeling program.

Robust determination of the concentration-time profile of anti-infective agents in certain specialized compartments is often limited by the inability to obtain more than a single sample from such a site in any one subject. Vitreous humor and cerebrospinal fluid are obvious examples for which the determination of concentrations of anti-infective agents is limited. Advances in pharmacodynamics have pointed out the importance of understanding the profiles of drugs in the plasma and in specialized compartments in order to dose the drugs to obtain the best patient outcomes. Advances in population pharmacokinetic modeling hold the promise of allowing proper estimation of drug penetration into the vitreous (or other specialized compartment) with only a single vitreous sample, in conjunction with plasma sampling. We have developed a rabbit model which allows multiple samples of vitreous to be obtained without breaking down the blood-vitreous barrier. We have employed this model to test the hypothesis that robust estimates of vitreous penetration by the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin can be obtained from a traditional intensive plasma sampling set plus a single vitreous sample. We studied 33 rabbits which were receiving 40 mg of ciprofloxacin per kg of body weight intravenously as short infusions and from which multiple plasma and vitreous samples were obtained and assayed for ciprofloxacin content by high-performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed by the iterative two-stage population modeling technique (IT2S), employing the iterative two-stage program of Forrest et al. (Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:1065-1072, 1993). Two data sets were analyzed: all plasma and vitreous samples versus all plasma samples and the initially obtained single vitreous sample. The pharmacokinetic parameter values identified were used to calculate the percent vitreous penetration as the ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve for the vitreous to that for the plasma. The values identified, 4% penetration for the full data set versus 3% penetration for the single vitreous sample data set, and their corresponding estimates were not statistically significantly different. We conclude that population modeling holds promise for the analysis of penetration of antimicrobiol agents into specialized spaces from which only single samples can be obtained, particularly for patients with whom robust plasma sampling can be performed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Exercise training and nutrient intake in elderly women.

This study examined the relationship between moderate exercise training (five 30- to 40-minute sessions per week for 12 weeks at 60% of heart rate reserve) and changes in nutrient intake in a group of 30 sedentary elderly women aged 67 to 85 years. Subjects were placed randomly into two groups (those who walked and those who did calisthenics) and were followed for 12 weeks. Measurements were done at three times (baseline, 5 weeks, and 12 weeks). Dietary intake was based on 7-day food records. The 12-week walking program resulted in a significant (12.6%) improvement in maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) but no change in body weight or skinfold thicknesses compared with the calisthenics program. Despite the improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness, no significant group x time interaction effects were observed for most of the nutrient intake variables tested. To test the effects of high levels of physical activity on nutrient intake, cross-sectional comparisons were made at baseline between highly conditioned and sedentary elderly women. The highly conditioned elderly women had higher energy and nutrient intakes, especially when expressed on a weight-adjusted basis. However, no differences in measures of dietary quality were found. Dietitians should not expect spontaneous improvement in either the quantity or quality of nutrient intake by elderly women who adopt a moderate exercise program. Although nutrient intake was greater in highly conditioned elderly women, their level of fitness and physical activity may be beyond the reach of many elderly women.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Laser stapedotomy: a comparative study of prostheses and seals.

During the past 13 years, a number of prostheses of differing design and tissue seals have been used in laser stapedotomy for otosclerosis. This study compares the results of three different configurations of prostheses and tissue seals in a series of 53 patients. In 19, a platinum wire Teflon piston was placed in the laser stapedotomy fenestra and crimped on the long process of the incus; autologous venous blood was infiltrated into the oval window niche as a sealing mechanism. In 8 patients, a stainless steel bucket-handle-type prosthesis was used with a blood tissue seal. In 26 patients, a segment of autogenous vein was clad onto the bucket-handle-type prosthesis and placed into the laser fenestra. Two tissue seals (blood and vein) were also compared. The results were compared with regard to several audiometric parameters. It would appear that the bucket handle/vein configuration improves air-bone gap closure in the low- and mid-frequency speech range and also shows an advantage for air-bone gap closure to 10 dB or less compared to the other configurations in this study. Mean postoperative gaps were significantly less for vein compared to the blood tissue seal. Physiologic and surgical implications are discussed, and the vein-clad technique is illustrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Do we measure up? The development of a multidisciplinary quality assurance and audit system in a psychiatric rehabilitation setting.

The purpose of this paper is to describe a simple system of multidisciplinary team quality assurance and audit, and to consider its use in a rehabilitation unit. The Merton rehabilitation team at Springfield University Hospital, Tooting, developed this system, and this paper also outlines some of the problems encountered during the system's development. The system not only offers criteria by which to assess performance in a long-term and rehabilitation setting, but also provides a method for evaluating the multidisciplinary team's performance.

England↗
PubMed1991

Student and faculty knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to AIDS: implications for health educators.

Results of a random survey of university faculty and students regarding their knowledge, behavior, and attitudes concerning AIDS are reported. The majority of faculty and students held enlightened views of AIDS. Faculty, however, tended to be better informed than students in a number of areas. These findings are consistent with results of surveys of students at two other universities. Implications for health educators are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Selecting an HIS direction for the future.

Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach, CA, and The United Hospital, Grand Forks, ND, expand their data integration, access and functionality with a new hospital information system.

California↗
PubMed1989

Barriers broken down.

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Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1989

A controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural and behavioural treatment of anorexia nervosa.

This study was undertaken to investigate whether a cognitive-behavioural treatment procedure was superior to a standard behavioural treatment, in the outpatient therapy of patients with anorexia nervosa. The two treatments were also compared with a control treatment procedure consisting of routine outpatient management. Each group consisted of eight subjects. All the groups showed some improvement, but the findings did not provide support for the prediction that cognitive-behavioural treatment, designed specifically to manipulate both attitudes and behaviour, was superior to the other types of treatment. The implications of the findings are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Reversed-phase preparative chromatography of [D-Ala1]-peptide T amide.

[D-Ala1]peptide T amide is a metabolically stable and more potent analogue of peptide T, a proposed inhibitor of human immunodeficiency viral infectivity of human T-cell lymphocytes. The peptide was synthesized by solid-phase methods to provide amounts of several grams. The product was purified by chromatography on a 25 cm x 2 in. column of DuPont Zorbax Pro-10 C8 (10 micron) packing. Sample loads of 100-450 mg were chromatographed isocratically in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and 5% acetonitrile at a flow-rate of 110 ml/min. Under these conditions, the pure peptide fraction was eluted reproducibly between 15 and 22 min. After solvent removal and lyophilization, the recovery of pure peptide was 50% by weight.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1987

Callus formation and the rate of healing of femoral fractures in patients with head injuries.

Callus formation and the rate of union of nailed fractures of the femur has been determined in 22 patients with associated head injuries and compared with that in a group of patients with similarly treated fractures but without head injuries. The comparison confirms the widely held view that, in patients with head injuries, fractures frequently heal with excessive callus and at a faster rate than normal.

Bony Callus↗
PubMed1985

AIDS and prostitution.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗