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Biomedical subjects

R Perez

Publications and source records attributed to R Perez.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Comparison of mesna with forced diuresis to prevent cyclophosphamide induced haemorrhagic cystitis in marrow transplantation: a prospective randomised study.

A prospective randomised study was carried out to compare the effect of mesna (2-mercaptoethane sulphonate sodium) with that of forced diuresis in preventing cyclophosphamide induced haemorrhagic cystitis in marrow transplant recipients. Sixty-one consecutive BMT recipients were randomised for treatment with forced diuresis or mesna. The incidence of macroscopic haematuria was significantly lower in the mesna treated group (chi 2 = 4.03, P less than 0.05). No specific side effects of mesna were detected. The lymphopenia induced by cyclophosphamide in the aplastic recipients was similar in the mesna and forced diuresis groups suggesting that mesna has no effect on the lymphocytotoxic activity of cyclophosphamide, although 6 out of 7 episodes of graft failure documented in the study occurred in mesna treated patients. As a result of this study our present policy is to use mesna in all BMT recipients but to continue careful documentation of the incidence of graft failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Amylase and isoamylase activities in serum of pregnant women.

The data previously reported for serum amylase activity in the blood of pregnant women are conflicting with respect to normal values and the relationship of activity to duration of pregnancy. By use of a DuPont Automatic Clinical Analyzer, amylase activity in serum from the blood of 413 asymptomatic healthy women who were six to 40 weeks pregnant was determined. Samples with amylase activity greater than 100 IU/L were tested for pancreatic and salivary isoenzymes. In every case except one, the isoenzyme levels were normal. In the blood of all women, except this one, the serum amylase activity was less than 150 IU/L and mean serum amylase activity did not correlate with gestational duration. Amylase activities at all gestational ages did not differ from the activity in serum obtained from the blood of women six weeks post partum. The authors conclude that 1) serum amylase levels may be as high as 150 IU/L in the blood of normal pregnant women; 2) serum amylase activities vary widely among pregnant women, but not in a manner related to the stage of gestation; and 3) pregnancy does not cause elevation of serum amylase isoenzyme activity.

Amylases↗
PubMed1983

Severe renovascular hypertension in a recipient of renal transplant: an indication for nephrectomy?

A 28-year-old patient receiving a kidney transplant from a 2-year-old cadaver kidney donor is described. The patient developed hypertension in the posttransplant period due to renal arterial stenosis. The hypertension was unresponsive to oral therapy after several unsuccessful attempts to correct the stenosis, nephrectomy of the transplanted kidney was performed resulting in the control of the hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A chemical carcinogen, 3-methylcholanthrene, alters T-cell function and induces T-suppressor cells in a mouse model system.

The in-vivo effects of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA), on in-vitro mitogen activation, cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) and T-cell subset distribution in mouse splenic lymphocyte populations were measured. Three inbred mouse strains were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of corn oil alone or with different doses of MCA in oil (0.5-50 mg kg -1). One to ninety days after injection, splenic lymphocytes were isolated, and assayed for blastogenesis, CML and the percent T-helper and T-suppressor cells using monoclonal antibodies. High doses of MCA suppressed mitogen activation (15.2-53.6%) and CML (69-90%) within 24 hr in lymphocytes from PAH-responsive mice (C57 and C3H). Blastogenesis was stimulated and CML was suppressed to a lesser degree (5-45%) in lymphocytes from non-responsive mice (DBA). MCA induced an increase in T-suppressor cells in responsive mice, but there was no change in DBA mice. These studies suggest a correlation between immunocytotoxicity of PAH compounds on T-cell subsets and the responsiveness of mouse strains to these carcinogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Gamma-ray angioencephalography and computerized tomography of the brain in tumoral pathology. Comparative results].

Gamma-ray angioencephalography and computerized tomography (CT) were used to explore 151 patients with suspected intracranial tumour. The reliability of each method for the aetiological, topographical and pathological diagnosis was evaluated. The results obtained showed that the two methods correlated well and supplemented each other, bringing the proportion of positive diagnosis of intracranial tumour to more than 90%. While CT remains the first-choice examination to detect expansive lesions, gamma-ray angioencephalography represents the finest physiopathological approach and provides the most precise information on the nature of the tumour.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1982

Provision of mental health services during a disaster: the Cuban immigration of 1980.

The recent (1980) immigration of 125,000 Cubans to the U.S. presented health workers with a situation bearing many of the characteristics of a disaster. Some of the organizational, clinical, and ecological issues which are inherent in providing mental health care in disaster situations are discussed. Ultimately, the development of an effective response to the situation depended on an understanding not only of the individuals involved, but also on an appreciation for the characteristics of the different phases of disaster situations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Sulconazole nitrate 1.0 percent cream: a comparison with miconazole in the treatment of tinea pedis and tinea cruris/corporis.

Sulconazole nitrate 1.0 percent cream was compared to miconazole nitrate 2.0 percent cream in a double-blind, parallel study involving ninety-six patients with cutaneous dermatophytosis. Both agents were highly effective, with no statistically significant differences in the parameters studied. Among tinea pedis patients, all of seven treated with sulconazole and six of nine treated with miconazole were mycologically cured (negative culture and potassium hydroxide test) at the end of four weeks of twice a day treatment, and there were no relapses by week 9. Among tinea cruris/corporis patients, the rates of mycological cure after three weeks of twice a day treatment with sulconazole or miconazole were, respectively, twenty-nine of thirty-two (91 percent) and 100 percent of thirty one (accompanied in all cases by complete or significant clearing of signs and symptoms); the respective relapse rates were four of twenty-five (16 percent) and eight of twenty-three (35 percent). Miconazole resulted in two cases of severe irritant dermatitis requiring discontinuation of treatment, whereas sulconazole produced no severe irritant reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Critical analysis of the fractional value of a bio-artificial pancreas (hollow-fiber model)].

The implantation of a bio-artificial pancreas, in a totally depancreated dog, allowed to underline the functional limits of this system. This study would want to explain in vitro a defect of the bio-distributor artificial picked out in vivo. Double stimulation by glucose have been realised composing the conventional system of perifusion (Millipore) to the artificial bio-distributor. While the insulin secretion increases directly at every raise of the glucose concentration in the conventional systems, it seems to hot move during the first test with the artificial biodistributor of insulin. It increases during the second phase of rest and reaches its maximum during the second phase of raise. The insulin concentration represents at the end of the test approximatively 1/5 of this obtained by the conventional system (the experimental conditions and the islets number are the same in the two cases).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Correlates and changes over time in drug and alcohol use within a barrio population.

Extent and determinants of use of alcohol, marijuana, inhalants, and PCP were explored in a group of 339 Mexican American youths from the East Los Angeles Housing projects. Results from this study were compared to those from a similar survey carried out in the same area 2 years ago. Use of inhalants has declined markedly compared with prevalence reported in the previous report. However, use of alcohol and marijuana have increased across all age and sex cohorts. Prevalence of PCP use, explored for the first time in this report, was shown to be extremely high. Use of all drugs was generally predicted by age, sex, and number of peers reporting use. Self-concept factors, especially one's self-evaluation with respect to others, were also significant predictors to use of marijuana, inhalants, and PCP. However, alcohol use was not related to any self-concept factors. Language (Spanish-English) used both in the home and with peers was related to use of all substances studied. Limitations in the generalization of this study as a result of sampling problems are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Acute small animal preparation--suitable for fetal metabolic studies?

To determine the immediate effects of the "acute" experimental preparation, 11 near-term pregnant rabbits and 20 fetuses were studied. Blood samples were obtained from the maternal auricular artery, the fetal umbilical vein, and the fetal heart within 90 s of exposure of the uterus by laparotomy. Samples were assayed for pH, O2 and CO2 tension, O2 content, blood urea nitrogen, and plasma glucose. Results indicated that a pronounced fetal acidosis (primarily respiratory) had developed by the time samples were obtained. Further, fetal cardiac glucose levels were significantly elevated above umbilical vein concentrations in 7 of the 20 fetuses. In addition, maternal arterial O2 tension under light pentobarbital anesthesia was significantly less than that found in 35 unanesthetized does (52 vs. 79 Torr, P less than 0.01). All parameters measured varied over a wide range between animals. The results raise serious questions concerning the feasibility of performing and interpreting certain metabolic or cardiorespiratory studies in the acute small animal preparation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Endoscopic detection of experimentally induced colonic neoplasms in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus).

Colonoscopic examination was performed daily on 18 normal guinea pigs for 7 weeks and on 27 guinea pigs after 24-35 weeks of biweekly intrarectal instillation of the chemical carcinogen methylnitrosourea. Four normal guinea pigs died during the first 2 weeks of the study, two from colonic perforations and two from cecal bloating due to excessive air insufflation. The other 14 normal animals remained clinically healthy and had no gross abnormalities at the end of the 7-week study. Colonic tumors were detected by colonoscopy in five of seven treated guinea pigs that had grossly visible nodular tumors on the mucosal surface of surgically resected colonic tissue. In another treated guinea pig, a tumor was detected by colonoscopy which was not confirmed grossly. In an additional two treated guinea pigs, tumors were visualized by colonoscopy which could not be demonstrated in surgically resected tissue because of their inaccessible location within the pelvic canal. At necropsy, these latter two guinea pigs had nodular, mucosal growths in the pelvic portion of the colon as indicated by colonoscopy. Microscopically, an additional 13 cases of colonic neoplasms were identified in the resected colonic tissue without gross or colonoscopic evidence of intralumenal nodular growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Necessity for end colostomy with transection of the descending colon in guinea pigs.

Surgical procedures for resection and transection of the descending colon in the guinea pig were studied. Wedge resection with removal of less than 1 cm diameter of tissue resulted in an 80% (8 of 10 guinea pigs) survival rate. Colonic transection with restorative anastomosis, either end-to-end or side-to-side, resulted in a 94% (35 of 37 guinea pigs) death rate due to colonic impaction proximal to the site of anastomosis. A modified procedure for ventral end colostomy resulted in a 79% (19 of 24 guinea pigs) survival rate. These results indicated that caution should be taken in surgical manipulations intended to treat or study diseases of the colon in the guinea pig.

Animals↗