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Biomedical subjects

R Paul

Publications and source records attributed to R Paul.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Scintigraphy with [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose of cancer patients.

Computerized dynamic gamma camera scintigraphy was performed with [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose [( 18F]FDG) on 10 patients with different cancers; tumor perfusion was evaluated in four patients with 99mTc-DPD. All tumors were visible in the [18F]FDG scans with tumor-to-tissue image contrast ratios of 1.2-11.7. Tumor perfusion exceeded that of the surrounding normal tissue in three of the four patients studied. Tumor-to-normal tissue [18F]FDG ratios were plotted as a function of the time. Two types of curves emerged: curves showing a linear increase in the ratio and curves showing a constant value for the ratio. These studies show that [18F]FDG can be used for clinical tumor imaging with a gamma camera, and that there appears to be biological differences in tumor uptake of [18F]FDG.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Ultrastructural immunolabeling in the diagnosis of light-chain-related renal disease.

Renal tissue from eight patients with light-chain deposition disease (LCDD) was immunolabeled for electron microscopy by a postembedding indirect immunogold staining procedure, using anti-kappa and anti-lambda antibodies. This technique provided an exact immunomorphological method to confirm the presence of monotypical light chains in glomeruli, tubules, and vessels. In two cases, it served to prove monotypical light-chain deposition which was not clear upon examination of sections stained for kappa and lambda light chains at the light microscopic level, using PAP or immunofluorescence methods. Three cases of amyloid nephropathy, in which the amyloid deposits stained for monospecific light chains and were immunolabeled ultrastructurally, are also described. LCDD manifests with a variety of morphological patterns in the kidney and the pathological definition of this entity has been difficult. Ultrastructural immunolabeling is a useful method to supplement existing techniques in the diagnosis of LCDD and related conditions. One outstanding feature of the postembedding technique is the ability to examine fixed and preserved renal tissue for the presence of light chains on a retrospective basis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Role of adrenal hormones (adrenaline and DOCA) in experimental hypertension. A histopathological study.

The effect of prolonged treatment with adrenaline and sodium chloride combined with desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA), on the blood pressure of unilaterally nephrectomized (UN) rats and the histology of circulatory organs was studied. Hypertension developed in this experimental hypertension model in all of the test groups. Adrenaline alone raised the blood pressure as much as the adrenaline + NaCl + DOCA treatment. Organic changes in the renal blood vessels developed only in the Adrenaline + DOCA + NaCl group, where the highest increases in cardiac and renal organ weights were also found. These findings indicate that adrenal stress hormones may play an important sensitizating role in the multifactoral genesis of vascular changes associated with hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Tumor localization with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose: comparative autoradiography, glucose 6-phosphatase histochemistry, and histology of renally implanted sarcoma of the rat.

Rous sarcoma cells were implanted into the kidney of rats. After 5 days of growth the renal tumor was used for comparing histology with glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) enzyme histochemistry (EHC) and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) auroradiography (ARG). It was found that the regions of the kidney tumor that had retained normal kidney structures were devoid of FDG, whereas there was histochemical staining of normal cortical areas. Regions of tumor growth, on the other hand, retained FDG and lacked G6Pase. Necrotic areas did not accumulate FDG. There was a dramatic decrease in the areas of G6Pase activity as a result of tumor infiltration in the kidney. The results show that FDG, currently being evaluated as a tumor detecting radiopharmaceutical indeed accumulates into areas of vital malignant growth, and they indicate that FDG positron emission tomographic (PET) images reveal the true anatomic location of malignant tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Comparative study of etidronate and SR 41319, a new diphosphonate, on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and phospholipase A2 activity.

Diphosphonates are known to affect calcium metabolism. It was therefore felt of interest to investigate the effects of SR 41319, a new Diphosphonate, comparatively to Etidronate disodium (EHDP) on Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis (PCA) and on Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity which are both mediated by calcium-dependent mechanisms. Results showed that: (1) intravenously, SR 41319 induced a dose-dependent inhibition of PCA more pronounced than the EHDP one; (2) in PLA2 assay, marked inhibition was obtained with SR 41319 whereas EHDP was slightly active. Decrease in Ca entry into mast cells and anti-PLA2 activity of SR 41319 might partly explain the SR 41319 inhibition of PCA.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Imidazo[1,5-d][1,2,4]triazines as potential antiasthma agents.

By using inhibition of histamine release from antigen-challenged, sensitized human basophils as a means of identifying a potentially prophylactic drug for the treatment of asthma, a series of substituted imidazo[1,5-d][1,2,4]triazines were found, which were active. These compounds were prepared by treating imidazolecarboxaldehydes with excess Grignard agent and then oxidizing the resulting alcohols to ketones with Jones reagent. Pyrolysis of a mixture of ketone and methyl carbazate at 200 degrees C in diphenyl ether produced the desired imidazo[1,5-d][1,2,4]triazines. Those compounds with the greatest basophil activity were tested for in vivo activity in the mouse passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and the guinea pig passive anaphylaxis tests. The best compounds, 1-ethyl-8-methyl-6-propylimidazo[1,5-d][1,2,4]triazin-4(3H)- one (4-17) and 1,8-dimethyl-6-propylimidazo[1,5-d][1,2,4]triazin-4-(3H)-one (4-16) were chosen for further study.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1985

Comprehension of indirect requests in adults with autistic disorders and mental retardation.

Eight adults with autistic disorders and 8 IQ-matched, mentally retarded (MR) subjects were given a task involving the comprehension of indirect requests. In one condition, requests were prefaced by instructions making their illocutionary force clear (I'm going to tell you to color some circles). In a second condition, the same requests were presented in an unstructured conversation. Although the performance of the MR subjects was better in both conditions, both groups performed similarly to normal 4- to 6-year-olds. In the unstructured condition, however, the autistic group's performance was significantly depressed, especially on sentences requiring greater semantic processing. The implications of these findings for understanding language and social deficits in autistic and similar individuals are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Investigations of long-term treatment with perhexiline maleate using therapeutic monitoring and electromyography.

Experience is reported with 41 patients taking perhexiline maleate for angina pectoris for periods of up to 70 months, while serum concentrations of the drug were monitored, and liver function tests and electromyographic tests were made before and during treatment. Severe side effects did not occur unless serum perhexiline levels were greater than 1.5 mg/L. The drug seems effective for prolonged dosage, and the monitoring of weight, liver function test results, and serum concentrations should prevent or reduce toxicity. A starting dose of 100 mg daily is recommended. The drug is not recommended for routine use in angina pectoris.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomographic brain scanning in four neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood.

CAT scans were performed in 66 patients with neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood (infantile autism, attention deficit disorder, Tourette's disorder, and language disorder) and a control group of 20 medical patients. Ventricular volume and brain density were determined by quantitative, computer-based methods by researchers blind to the patients' diagnoses. There were no significant differences among diagnostic groups or between neuropsychiatric patients and medical control patients in total ventricular volume, right-left ventricular volume ratio, ventricular asymmetries, ventricle-brain ratios, or brain density.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Outcomes of severe disorders of language acquisition.

Data on speech, language, performance IQ, school placement, and behavior are presented on 18 subjects diagnosed in childhood as "aphasic" and followed through adolescence. Results reveal that slow but steady growth in language is made, with expressive skills showing somewhat more rapid progress than comprehension. Performance IQ is highly correlated with language skills in later childhood and, along with receptive skill, is a good predictor of school placement. The diagnostic and prognostic implications of this information are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Properties of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase in rat liver microsomal acetone powder.

Rat liver microsomes were extracted with acetone, and a microsomal powder preparation was obtained. The cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity of acetone powder was linear with time, the amount of protein, and the amount of cholesterol in human or rat serum. Unesterified lipoprotein cholesterol was also an effective substrate, and the Km values increased progressively from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), suggesting that HDL-free-cholesterol was the better substrate.

Acetone↗