[A microprocessor controlled device for long-term registration of motility parameters. Pressure, bowel sounds and occurrence in the gastrointestinal tract].
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Colonic Diseases, Functional↗
Biomedical subjects
R Paul
Publications and source records attributed to R Paul.
[Lead pollution of work sites in auto body repair shops].
Because of the lead in street dirt and in varnishes of cars it is possible that welders in carriagebody repairs get an unnormal lead exposure. We studied the results of measurements of welddust and their lead concentrations in connection with biological monitoring for lead exposure of the welders. Seperately high lead concentrations in the air of the working zone were obtained indicated through blood lead levels higher than normal value. However the parameter for lead effect erythrocyte protoporphyrin kept normal.
Adult↗
Increasing computer literacy in speech-language pathology students.
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Computer Literacy↗
[The diagnostic significance of mucoproteins, sialic acid and cortisol in assessing the activity of rheumatic diseases].
1. Our investigations have confirmed the great importance of mucoproteins, sialinic acid, C-reactive protein, and the sedimentation of blood for the analysis of the inflammable process activity in case of rheumatoid arthritis. 2. The interpretation of the electrophoresis indicated that the usual demand for electrophoresis in case of rheumatic patients at the time as a matter of principle was not very sensible, but it should only be demanded for means of rheumatic fever or of increased sialinic acid levels. 3. Our investigations demonstrate significantly increased rates of total protein for rheumatic patients compared to a normal control group. 4. Rheumatic patients also point at a much higher percentage of pathological cortisol levels in consideration of the interaction by hormone therapy (prednisolone) in comparison with normal patients.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
Rats with mammary cancer treated with toremifene and interferon: morphometry and needle aspiration biopsy for determination of ATP and 14C-fluorodeoxyglucose content.
The combined and separate action of the antiestrogen toremifene (TOR) and recombinant rat gamma interferon (RIF) was studied in rat mammary cancer induced by dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). The content of ATP and 14C-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was also determined from fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB). RIF alone had no antitumor activity, when measured as the average number of new tumors appearing in RIF and control animals (2.4 vs 2.4 new tumors per animal), while TOR and TOR + RIF had a significant effect (1.2, P less than 0.05 and 0.6, P less than 0.01). Morphometrically, there was a significant decrease in the amount of epithelium in the tumors of the RIF + TOR animals (65% vs 82% in the controls, P less than 0.05); there was conversely an increase in the stromal component (25% vs 14%, NS). It appears that an increase of the stromal compartment is part of the healing process. The feasibility of the FNAB-technique was shown by the finding that there was a close correlation between FDG and ATP content in almost all the groups before and after treatment. Thus, FDG and ATP measure the same phenomenon, i.e., energy content. There was a large variation in the contents of ATP and FDG within and among the groups, which invalidated considerations regarding the predictive value of ATP and FDG content in tumors subject to treatment.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Imaging of rats with mammary cancer with two 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-hexoses.
Rats with mammary cancer were imaged by scintigraphy: 10 rats with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) and 10 rats with [18F]F-D-galactose. The uptake of both tracers was similar in the tumors--the tumor-to-normal tissue ratio was 2.7 +/- 1.1 for [18F]FDG and 2.3 +/- 0.9 for [18F]FDGal at 120 min after injection. In addition to the tumors [18F]FDG accumulated in the brain, bladder and heart, [18F]FDGal in the brain, bladder and liver. [18F]FDGal may be useful for tumor imaging in man; further studies should be addressed to elucidate the mechanism of [18F]FDGal uptake into tumors.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose: its potential in differentiating between stress fracture and neoplasia.
F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) accumulates into regions of enhanced glucose uptake and metabolism such as the brain, heart, and malignant tumors. The clinical usefulness of this positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical is illustrated in a case where the clinical picture and CT indicated a malignant bone lesion in the clavicle. Histologically a stress fracture was found secondary to chronic strain on the clavicle. On follow-up the lesion's course was benign. Planar imaging with F-18 FDG was performed twice during follow-up, and on both occasions there was no accumulation of radioactivity over the suspicious area, indicating normal glucose consumption. This case demonstrates the differential diagnostic potential of F-18 FDG and shows that clinically useful information may be obtained without a position emission tomograph.
Adolescent↗
Biodistribution and scintigraphy of 11C-toremifene in rats bearing DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma.
A new antioestrogenic antitumour compound toremifene was labeled with 11C or 3H. The tissue distribution and tumour uptake of the compounds in DMBA induced breast tumour bearing rats was investigated. 11C-toremifene was localized by gamma camera scintigraphy and tissue counting. 3H-Toremifene was determined by liquid scintillation counting after oxidizing the tissue samples. Toremifene was distributed to several tissues due to the lipophilicity and was not taken up specifically by the tumours to any great extent. However, the radioactivity of the tumours increased as a function of time although it declined e.g. in the liver. The accumulation to the tumour was a slow process and cannot be followed up reliably by such short half-life radionuclides as 11C. The tumour uptake properties of toremifene resemble those of tamoxifen and several other oestrogen receptor binding compounds. These substances have limited use in diagnosing and imaging oestrogen receptor rich breast tumours in man.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
A common site for immortalizing proviral integrations in Friend erythroleukemia: molecular cloning and characterization.
By using a tagged derivative of Friend spleen focus-forming virus, we previously obtained evidence that proviral integration(s) in the host genome can cause erythroblast immortality by abrogating the commitment of the cell to differentiate (C. Spiro, B. Gliniak, and D. Kabat, J. Virol. 62:4129-4135, 1988). Exploiting the fact that each leukemia was a single clone that contained one tagged provirus, we have now molecularly cloned and characterized one common genomic site for immortalizing proviral integrations.
Animals↗
Effect of pentosan polysulphate on endothelial regeneration.
Endothelium was removed from rabbit aortae using a balloon catheter and the endothelial outgrowth was measured. In the controls, after initial regrowth of approximately 4 weeks, endothelial regeneration stopped before cellular regrowth was complete. However, when treated with daily subcutaneous injections of pentosan polysulphate (PPS) (8 mg/kg/day), endothelium fully repopulated the denuded areas 16 weeks after beginning of the treatment. These results illustrate the possibility of using pentosan polysulphate in the prevention of atherogenesis, by enhancing endothelial regeneration.
Animals↗
Infiltrative squamous cell carcinoma of right temporal bone.
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Adult↗
Cognitive, behavioral, and adaptive functioning in fragile X and non-fragile X retarded men.
The cognitive, behavioral, and adaptive functioning of 12 men with fragile X syndrome (aged 23 to 62 years) was systematically assessed and compared to two matched groups of retarded men without fragile X syndrome residing at the same institution. The fragile X group was largely indistinguishable from the comparison groups on the cognitive, behavioral, and adaptive measures. Fragile X patients were, however, significantly more likely to have achieved levels of adaptive functioning commensurate with their intellectual abilities. Fragile X subjects who had similarly affected siblings emerged as significantly higher-functioning in all areas than Fragile X subjects who did not have affected siblings. These findings are discussed with respect to future research.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Sentence comprehension strategies in children with autism and specific language disorders.
Two groups of children with language disorders--one group with autism and one with relatively specific language impairment (LI)--and two groups of normal children matched to the disordered groups for mental and receptive language age were asked to act out a series of sentences. Half the experimental sentences were in active voice, and half were the same sentences given in passive voice. Within each set, events described in the sentences were probable, neutral, or improbable. Results revealed that the autistic group made little use of a semantically based probable event strategy for acting out sentences, but were likely to use a syntactically based word order strategy. The LI group was no more likely than the autistic group to use the semantic strategy, and was equally likely to use word order. Both groups resembled normals matched for receptive language age.
Autistic Disorder↗
Comparative double-tracer whole-body autoradiography: uptake of 11C-, 18F- and 3H-labeled compounds in rat tumors.
The uptake of various labeled compounds by tumors was studied by double-tracer whole-body autoradiography (DTWBA) in rats. Each animal carried two types of tumors: mammary carcinomas and the Walker 256 carcinosarcomas. The markers used were [18F]- and [3H]fluorodeoxyglucose (glucose utilization), [3H]thymidine (cell proliferation), [11C]methionine (amino acid metabolism) and [11C]- and [3H]toremifene (estrogen-receptor-avid agents). In each experiment, the distribution of a substance labeled with short-lived radionuclide (11C or 18F) was compared with that of another substance labeled with a long-lived nuclide (3H). Quantification was done by combining computerized image analysis of the autoradiograms with liquid scintillation counting of punched tissue pieces obtained from the cryosections. The relationships between the uptakes of the various radiopharmaceuticals were recorded in tumors and normal tissues. The dynamics of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and [11C]methionine were determined in tumors and some selected tissues by positron emission tomography (PET). The uptake rate between fluorodeoxyglucose and thymidine in the mammary tumor was five times higher than the ratio in the Walker tumor. The corresponding figure for FDG/methionine was four times. Thymidine, compared with methionine, was twice as efficient. Thus, the mammary tumors were best imaged with FDG or thymidine. The non-steroid antiestrogen toremifene was taken up in very low amounts by these tumors. By DTWBA, experimental tumors may serve as their own control.
Animals↗
Phenomenology and classification of the childhood psychoses.
Two hundred and twenty-eight cases of children with final clinical diagnoses of childhood psychosis were reviewed using a standard coding scheme; cases were grouped in three broad categories on the basis of clinical diagnosis (autistic, atypical and schizophreniform). These three groups differed significantly in many respects, although the 'atypical' group more closely resembled the autistic group. While it was possible meaningfully to differentiate diagnostic groups using DSM-III criteria, some cases were difficult to classify. Childhood schizophrenia, as strictly defined, was far less common than childhood autism. The development of diagnostic schemes for those children whose disorders are difficult to classify is an important topic for future research.
Adolescent↗
In vitro and ex vivo regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell growth and phenotypic modulation by sulphated polysaccharides.
Heparin and pentosan polysulphate (PPS), a semi-synthetic sulphated polysaccharide, affected the phenotypic modulation of primary or subcultured rabbit smooth muscle cells (SMC) and at the same time inhibited their proliferation in culture. PPS was 5 fold more potent than heparin. Ex vivo, after subcutaneous administration of PPS or heparin (8 mg/kg/day for 13 days), SMC isolated from treated rabbits were growth-inhibited. At the same time, they reversed promptly to the contractile state as evidenced by immunofluorescent detection of intracellular myosin or electron microscopy. This ex vivo inhibitory effect was related to the dose and the duration of treatment, and was lost if 6 hours elapsed between the final dose and removal of the aorta. Such an effect was also observed after oral treatment with PPS (200 mg/kg/day for 7 days).
Animals↗
[Skin eruptions and paraparesis resembling pedal signs in a pre- viously healthy male subject].
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Adult↗
Blunted pressor responsiveness to quinpirole, a specific dopamine D2 receptor agonist, in conscious deoxycorticosterone acetate/NaCl hypertensive rats is related to atrial natriuretic peptide release.
Our previous studies have demonstrated: 1) that i.v. quinpirole (LY171555), a selective dopamine D2 receptor agonist, has a dose-dependent pressor effect in conscious rats which is mediated by activation of sympathetic outflow and vasopressinergic activity, and 2) that the activity of central dopaminergic neurons is reduced in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)/NaCl hypertensive rats. To elucidate the role of central and peripheral dopaminergic systems in the pathogenesis of DOCA/NaCl hypertension, we examined the effects of quinpirole on mean arterial pressure, heart rate, plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, arginine vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in conscious 4-week-old DOCA/NaCl hypertensive and normotensive control rats. Quinpirole (1 mg/kg i.v.) increased mean arterial pressure in both groups, but the pressor response was attenuated in DOCA/NaCl rats. Paradoxically, quinpirole-induced increments in plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and arginine vasopressin were greater in DOCA/NaCl rats. In addition, quinpirole induced a 2-fold increase in plasma ANP (P less than .01) in both DOCA/NaCl and control rats. Pretreatment with domperidone (2.5 mg/kg i.v.), a peripherally acting dopamine D2 antagonist, enhanced the maximum pressor response to quinpirole in both groups, restored the quinpirole-induced pressor response to control levels in the DOCA/NaCl rats and blocked the stimulatory effect of quinpirole on ANP release in both groups. These data indicate that peripheral dopamine D2 receptors modulate ANP secretion in the rat. The observation that the quinpirole-induced increment in plasma ANP was enhanced in DOCA/NaCl rats supports the hypothesis that the blunted pressor response to quinpirole in this model is related to enhanced ANP release.
Animals↗