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Biomedical subjects

R Passariello

Publications and source records attributed to R Passariello.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Magnetic resonance of the shoulder: technic, anatomy ana clinical results].

MR imaging was employed in 232 patients with traumatic or degenerative lesions of the shoulder. MR diagnosis was compared with arthrotomic findings in 19 cases, and with arthroscopic results in 3 cases. MR technique is here presented and the choice of scanning planes is discussed, together with the sequences of image acquisition and with the features of the surface coil employed. Axial, sagittal, and coronal scans were used in all cases. Both sagittal and coronal planes were performed obliquely on the basis of precise anatomical structures. T1-weighted sequences were used for they are reliable in locating the various anatomical structures and efficient in defining the several different pathologic conditions. The role of T2-weighted sequences was complementary, and they were employed in selected cases only. A surface coil is presented with a particular configuration of easy clinical use and with such technical features as to allow reduced fields to be imaged, with good spatial resolution. MR imaging could demonstrate with equal accuracy both skeletal-cartilage components and capsulo-ligamentous structures, thus defining associated lesions and small tears. In both degenerative and traumatic lesions of the rotator cuff, MR imaging showed both extent and entity of the pathologic process, with high accuracy in defining the impingement syndrome. MR imaging allowed the depiction of the anterior and posterior glenoid labra, even without intraarticular contrast media. Moreover, MR imaging made it possible to recognize both fractures and degenerative processes within the glenoid labrum on the basis of their signal intensities. This preliminary experience allows the authors to conclude that MR imaging is an accurate and non-invasive diagnostic method for the study of traumatic lesions and of degenerative changes of the shoulder.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Optimization of the technic in the study of the upper abdomen using magnetic resonance. I. Artifact reduction].

Complete motion artifact suppression is possible in abdominal MR imaging with the simple optimization of sequence parameters, with no need for special softwares. The authors have studied the influence of sequence parameters modification on the signal/noise relation and on the presence of motion artifacts. The tested parameters included Repetition Time (TR), 150 to 2000 ms, Echo Time (TE), 20 to 120 ms, and the number of acquisitions, 2 to 16. In T1-weighted sequences, the major advantages were offered by the short TR and short TE association, with many acquisitions. Optimal signal/noise relation and complete motion artifact suppression were thus obtained. In T2-weighted sequences, TE values had to be changed according to the desired contrast enhancement, and the number of acquisitions could not be increased to more than 2 in order to keep the acquisition time short.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1989

[Magnetic resonance in the characterization of atherosclerotic lesions].

Fifty-one patients with occlusive and dilating vascular diseases were evaluated with MR imaging, using T1 and T2-weighted sequences and an 0.5 T superconducting magnet. Atheromatous plaques were detected in the carotids and on the aortic walls. Fatty lesions had high signal intensity on T1-weighted sequences and could be well distinguished from older thrombotic depositions which presented with medium signal intensity on T1-weighted scans and low signal on T2-weighted images. Thrombotic depositions in aneurysmal dilatation of the aorta and carotid arteries could be distinguished from patent internal lumen; inside them, areas of different signal intensity were demonstrated, which were related to the paramagnetic effect of hemoglobin degradation products (hemosiderin and methemoglobin).

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1988

Anatomy of the lumbar spine in achondroplasia.

The authors analyze the achondroplastic lumbar spine in the pre-puberal and post-puberal periods until adulthood by means of standard X-rays, CT scan, MRI, and myelography. The small spinal canal in achondroplasts must be considered the result of developmental and congenital conditions. Orthopaedic and surgical possibilities are reviewed with the goal of reducing to a minimum the developmental factors.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed1988

Standardized magnetic resonance image intensity study in schizophrenia.

A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of 12 chronic schizophrenic outpatients (4 females and 8 males) and 12 healthy volunteers, individually matched for age and sex, found a significantly larger ventricle-brain ratio and smaller corpus callosum area in schizophrenics than in controls. There were no statistically significant differences in the image intensity values between schizophrenic and healthy volunteer groups. However, there were more intragroup differences (left-right) of the image intensity values in the SE-30 sequence than in the SE-120 sequence in schizophrenics than in normals.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Brain morphology in schizophrenia by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

We report an in vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Study of the brain in male schizophrenics and individually matched controls. Due to the multiplanar imaging capabilities of MRI we have obtained both midsagittal and axial scans. On the axial plane schizophrenics showed a significant increase of Ventricular Brain Ratio and on the sagittal plane a significant reduction of corpus callosum to brain ratio. In a factor analysis these two abnormalities loaded on components statistically independent suggesting different dimension of brain pathology in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Magnetic resonance of the breast. Clinical experience with a dedicated coil].

MR Imaging was performed on 10 healthy volunteers and 86 patients, using a 0.5 T superconducting magnet and a dedicated coil to image both breasts simultaneously. The patients were selected by the presence of nodules at clinical examination. Final diagnoses were made either at histology--in the patients who underwent surgery--or at cytology, with fine needle biopsy. The MR findings of the different breast diseases are discussed. In spite of an improved spatial resolution and of a very good natural contrast between different tissues, MR Imaging does not allow a satisfactory characterization of the lesions; its use is thus limited to the staging of cancers which need a better therapeutic planning.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1988

[Abdominal aortic aneurysms. Comparison of magnetic resonance, ultrasound, CT x-ray and angiography].

Twenty-four cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm were studied by means of MR Imaging, Computed Tomography (CT), Ultrasound (US) and Angiography. MR Imaging gave detailed information on the site and extension of the aneurysm. The extent of branches involvement, the presence of thrombosis, and the adjacent structures were also demonstrated. Major limitations of angiography were its morbility, and the difficult/impossible demonstration of eventual thrombi, and of the adjacent structures. CT, although extremely valuable in emergency cases and in the detection of calcifications, provided insufficient information on the involvement of the vessels originating from the aorta. US proved useful in the screening of abdominal aortic aneurysms, but lacked both the accuracy and the reliability necessary to a complete preoperative evaluation. MR Imaging proves thus to be a good investigation technique for a complete assessment of aneurysmatic lesions. Its major limitation is its inability to detect calcifications, while its major advantages are the accurate demonstration of both blood flow and eventual thrombi, and the multiplanarity and non-invasiveness of the methodology.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Osteosarcoma. A new diagnostic approach in presurgical loco-regional staging].

The value of Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging was examined in the anatomical staging of bone osteosarcomas. Eleven patients were studied--8 central and 3 parosteal osteosarcomas. The accuracy of MR imaging was compared to that of plain film, scintigraphy, CT, and angiography. MR imaging was superior to both CT and radionuclide scanning in defining intramedullary extension and in showing skip metastases. Cortical erosion in central osteosarcomas was demonstrated by MR imaging, CT, and plain film; in 1 case of parosteal osteosarcoma MR imaging was superior to CT in showing cortical penetration. In two cases MR imaging did not accurately demonstrate the relationship of the tumor to the major vessels; only angiography showed vascular involvement. MR imaging was useful in delineating extraosseous extension. The importance is stressed of a correct use of MR imaging towards an accurate diagnosis. In fact, intramedullary extension and skip metastases were better demonstrated on T1-weighted images with large fields, while T2-weighted images and small fields were needed for the best overall evaluation of extraosseous involvement. In conclusion, MR imaging should be used for preoperative staging of osteosarcomas in those cases where diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical, radiographic, and bioptic findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Prosthetic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee: the roles of CT scan and M.R.

The authors examined 10 patients treated by intra-articular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with an artificial ligament in terylene (Kejo-Leeds type). Clinical evaluation was supplemented by CT scan and magnetic nuclear resonance (M.R.). The basic parameters assessed were the positioning of the tunnels, biological anchoring, presence of reactive synovitis, growth and modification of periligamentous fibrous tissue, characteristics and relationships of the extra-articular plastic. CT scan was better at determining the tunnels, evaluating biological anchoring and visualising the new ligament in its intra-articular course. Magnetic nuclear resonance was better at evaluating changes in the periligamentous tissue. The authors therefore conclude that M.R. is preferable in the early follow-ups, while CT scanning has greater diagnostic value in follow-ups after six months.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Magnetic resonance study of renal function. Preliminary evaluation].

The amount of functioning renal parenchyma can be estimated by MRI by considering the ratio between the mean intensities of cortical and medullar zones of the kidney. Fifty-six patients and 5 healthy volunteers were studied by MRI in our department. Scanning was performed with a superconductive magnet system operating at 0.5 Tesla. Pulse sequence was Spin-Echo with TR 300/TE 30 ms. The cortico-medullary ratio (CMR) and differentiation (CMD) were standardized and related with creatine blood levels. CMR data ranged from 1.05 to 3.00, while CMD data ranged from 0.04 to 0.50. High values (good cortico-medullary contrast) were observed in subjects with normal renal function. Patients with renal diseases had low CMR and CMD, proportionally to the degree of renal failure, as proved by laboratory findings. Our preliminary study seems to demonstrate that MRI is an useful technique in the follow-up of patients with chronic renal disease.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1988

[Magnetic resonance in the evaluation of intracranial aneurysms].

Eighteen patients affected by intra-cranial aneurysms, with size ranging from 3 to 30 mm, were studied by means of MRI, CT, and angiography. MRI was performed using Spin-Echo (SE) sequences with different Repetition Times (TR) and Echo Times (TE), which allowed the characterization of the lesions in relation to the relaxation times. MRI could identify all the aneurysms. In 13 subjects the parent vessels could be seen. In 5 patients the aneurysms could be recognized only after angiography, due to their dimension (less than 4 mm). The "flow effects" and the presence of methemoglobin and hemosiderin in the thrombosed portion of the lumen allowed both the detection of flow abnormalities and the characterization of laminate intra-aneurysmal thrombosis. In conclusion, MRI appears to be a sensitive methodology in the detection of intracranial aneurysms, even more sensitive than CT and Angiography in characterizing this kind of lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Chondrosarcoma of the bone. Differential pre- and postoperative diagnosis using magnetic resonance].

Twelve patients were studied by means of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in order to demonstrate either loco-regional recurrence of central chondrosarcomas or degenerative evolutions of exostoses. MRI findings were compared with plain film, scintigraphy, and Computed Tomography. MRI showed loco-regional recurrences by demonstrating their site, extent, and relationship with adjacent structures. In showing the degenerative evolution of exostoses MRI--confirmed at surgery--was superior to plain film in 3 cases out of 7, and to Computed Tomography in 2 cases. The authors discuss MRI findings: chondrosarcomas have low-intensity signal in T1-weighted sequences and high-intensity signal in T2-weighted. Thanks to its high contrast resolution MRI always allowed the detection of the chondrosarcoma. Nevertheless, MRI did not allow the tumor grading--which is due either to a difficult evaluation of the morphology of neoplastic calcifications, or to non-specific-intensity signal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Role of magnetic resonance in the radiologic diagnosis of parotid pathology].

MRI findings in 13 patients with monolateral parotid tumor were compared with US, sialographic and CT findings. MRI did not allow an accurate diagnosis in 2 patients with diffuse chronic parotitis. MRI was superior to CT in 1 case in defining the intraglandular site of the lesion, and in 2 patients in showing the extraglandular involvement. MRI proved to be superior to CT thanks to its contrast resolution and to multiplanar imaging. MRI high contrast resolution made it possible to demonstrate neoplastic lesions of 4 mm in diameter. The lesion has low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted. Parotid tumors cannot be characterized by signal intensity alone: only morphology allows to discriminate between benign and malignant lesions. To conclude, US is a screening method, while MRI is helpful in detecting multifocal lesions and in evaluating the tumor extent.

Adenoma↗