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Biomedical subjects

R Paris

Publications and source records attributed to R Paris.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Cytokines, chemokine receptors, and homing molecule distribution in the rectum and stomach of pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND: Cytokines appear to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with a predominant Th2 pattern in colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Chemokines and their receptors also regulate the migration of Th1 or Th2 lymphocytes to inflammatory tissues during the immune response. Although adult UC is usually confined to the colon, pediatric UC not uncommonly affects the stomach. AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare expression of cytokines, chemokine receptors, and homing molecules in the rectal and the histologically characterized gastric mucosa of pediatric patients with UC. SUBJECTS Sixteen patients (11 girls and 5 boys; median age, 9 years) having all the features of UC were included in the study. METHODS: Rectal and gastric mucosa obtained from UC cases were immunostained with antibodies against L-selectin, beta 7 integrin, CXCR3, CCR3, and CCR5. IL-4 and IL-12 p40 transcript expression was studied by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chronic gastritis was found in 93.7% of cases and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) was found in 2 (13.3%) cases. In the rectal and gastric mucosa, CXCR3 was found in perivascular lymphocytes and CCR5 in a subset of CXCR3+ cells in the lamina propria. CCR3+ lymphocytes and IL-4-positive cells were always found, but there was no evidence of IL-12 production. Most of the lymphocytes infiltrating the gastric mucosa expressed beta 7 but not CD62L. In contrast, beta 7-positive cells were randomly dispersed in the rectal lamina propria, and the fraction of CD3+beta 7+ was low. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that gastritis is common in pediatric UC. The presence of CCR3+ lymphocytes, IL-4 transcript expression, without IL-12 p40 production in the stomach and in the rectum suggests a Th2 immune response. The presence of CCR3+, CD62L- activated Th2 cells may suggest that these gastric cells are recruited from colorectal primary lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The challenge of adversity: three narratives of alcohol dependence, recovery, and adult development.

Turning points have been known to reverse the downward spiral of alcoholism and its concomitant associations with divorce, depression, and work-related difficulties. In this study, the authors present the stories of 3 women from the Mills Longitudinal Study who were alcoholic. Using a narrative approach, the authors tracked the women's developmental gains during recovery using Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, specifically focusing on the tasks of identity, intimacy, and generativity. Results show that despite similar personal problems and turning points that moved them to stop drinking, each woman followed a different path to self-reconstruction and psychological growth. These accounts offer important information about individual differences in recovery from alcoholism, which are often lost in larger aggregate accounts of personal change.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Interleukin-12 expression is focally enhanced in the gastric mucosa of pediatric patients with Crohn's disease.

The stomach is frequently involved in children suffering from Crohn's disease (CD). Diagnosis of specific gastritis may be difficult when granulomas are absent. We have used in situ hybridization to examine the expression of interleukin (IL)-12, a key cytokine in the Th1 response. IL-12 p35 and p40 antisense probes were used to examine ileal specimens from 9 children with CD and gastric biopsies from 24 children (13 with CD, 6 with Helicobacter pylori chronic gastritis, and 5 with a normal gastric mucosa). In all patients with CD, many clusters of IL-12-positive cells were present in the lamina propria. This was the case in the ileal specimens as well as in gastric mucosa showing granulomatous gastritis or nongranulomatous gastritis. The same distribution patterns were found for the IL-12 p35 and p40. In three patients with Helicobacter pylori gastritis, few scattered IL-12-positive cells were found. No positive cells were found in the normal gastric mucosa. The focally enhanced IL-12 expression in the gastric mucosa of pediatric patients with CD, with or without specific lesions, suggests that both are indeed linked to the disease and supports the major part of IL-12 in initiating and maintaining of the cascade resulting in the Th1 responses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Atrial septal aneurysm in a patient with pseudoxanthoma elasticum.

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare heritable disorder of the connective tissue characterized by marked clinical heterogeneity. Common cardiovascular complications of PXE include renovascular hypertension, premature coronary artery disease and calcification of peripheral arteries frequently leading to claudicatio intermittens; fibrous thickening of the endocardium and atrioventricular valves, leading to restrictive cardiomyopathy and/or mitral valve prolapse have been also described. We herein report on a PXE patient who developed an atrial septal aneurysm as a previously undescribed cardiologic manifestation of her disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

In situ Rantes and interferon-gamma gene expression in pediatric small bowel Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND: Rantes (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) is a chemotactic cytokine for memory T lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. The cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) plays a key in the immune response. Their distributions and possible roles in the selective accumulation of inflammatory cells in Crohn's disease (CD) were examined by determining the expression of Rantes and IFN-gamma genes in patients with CD using in situ hybridization (ISH) on frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue sections. METHODS: Intestinal and mesenteric lymph node samples from 9 children who had undergone ileal resection for CD were examined for the presence of epithelioid-giant cell granulomas (EGCG) and Rantes and IFN-gamma messenger RNA (mRNA). Normal pediatric intestine (n = 5) and lymph nodes (n = 2) served as controls. RESULTS: Many cells in all CD specimens in the epithelial compartment, lamina propria, and the EGCG gave positive signal with the Rantes antisense probe. Labelled cells were identified on paraffin sections as lymphocytes, macrophages, and epithelioid cells. There were Rantes-positive cells in the control intestinal tissues, but many Rantes-positive cells in control lymph nodes that showed follicular hyperplasia. IFN-gamma-positive cells were present in all CD ileal and lymph node specimens, predominantly in close contact with EGCC. No positive signal was obtained with the Rantes and IFN-gamma sense control probes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that Rantes and IFN-gamma contribute to the selective accumulation of macrophages and memory T helper lymphocytes inside the granulomas and inflammatory infiltrates that are characteristic of CD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Liver phospholipidosis induced by parenteral nutrition: histologic, histochemical, and ultrastructural investigations.

Histochemical and electron microscopic examinations of the liver were performed in 5 adults receiving parenteral nutrition for greater than 18 mo and in 4 adults receiving parenteral nutrition for less than 5 mo. Phospholipidosis, reflected by the presence of cytoplasmic phospholipid deposits at histochemical examination and the presence of multilamellar lysosomes at electron microscopy, was marked and present in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and portal macrophages in all 5 patients receiving parenteral nutrition for greater than 18 mo. Mild phospholipidosis, affecting only hepatocytes, was demonstrated in 3 of the 4 patients receiving parenteral nutrition for less than 5 mo. These findings indicate that liver phospholipidosis is relatively common in patients receiving parenteral nutrition and that the degree of liver phospholipidosis depends on the duration of parenteral nutrition. Liver phospholipidosis might be due to intrahepatic accumulation of intravenous phospholipids provided by fat-emulsion sources.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Immunohistochemical detection of HBs, HBc and delta antigens in liver sections. Technics, value as a routine procedure according to the cycle of the viral disease and prospects for the future].

The detection of hepatitis B viral antigens and the hepatitis delta viral antigen on liver section is currently facilitated by the production and marketing of good quality antisera and revelation systems. Moreover, the routine application of these techniques in histology departments has become more widespread. The detection of HBs and HBc antigens may be useful in the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis. It allows evaluation of replication of HBV (in the same way as HBe antigen and serum DNA) and the examination of a liver needle biopsy should include, in addition to analysis and classification of the lesions, tests for the presence of these antigens. The detection of the delta antigen is particularly useful for the diagnosis of acute hepatitis delta (in cases of co-infection or secondary infection). On the other hand, it is disappointing for the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis delta.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1987

Effects of dietary saturated and polyunsaturated fat on lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase activity.

The effects of saturated and polyunsaturated dietary fat on the lipolytic activity of post-heparin plasma, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) were studied in the rat. The lipolytic activity was studied from 0 to 60 min using labelled chylomicrons as the substrate. Triacylglycerol hydrolysis rate was higher for the plasma of rats fed high fat diets (14% fat by weight). Chylomicrons of rats fed saturated or unsaturated fats were hydrolyzed at the same rate within the first 15 min but afterwards hydrolysis of chylomicrons of rats fed saturated fat was slower. The activities of LPL and HTGL were increased by high fat diets. Unsaturated fat increased more LPL activity than saturated fat conversely, HTGL activity was enhanced more by saturated fat than by unsaturated fat.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Influence of dietary lipids and linoleic acid amounts on fatty acid content and composition of pig serum lipoproteins.

The effects of hyperlipidic polyunsaturated fat diets (PF) and saturated fat diets (SF) versus control diet (CO) on total lipid, phospholipid (PL) and cholesteryl ester (CE) content and composition of pig serum lipoproteins were studied in Large White pigs who first underwent a PF period for 14 days followed by a CO period and third a SF feeding during a fortnight. PF and SF diets induced an increase of linoleic acid in serum total lipids, especially in HDL fraction; this increase in CE and PL involved a reverse change of oleic acid. The modifications induced by the amounts of dietary linoleic acid could be explained by an alteration of LCAT activity. The fatty acid pattern of PL which constitute the LCAT substrate lead to an enrichment of cholesterol linoleate.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Study of homicide.

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Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1980

Plasma and sweat electrolyte concentrations in the horse during long distance exercise.

Blood samples were taken from 20 horses competing in a 100 km endurance ride and plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and protein measured. Measurements were performed on samples taken before the ride (pre-ride), at the mid point and end of the ride and after a 30 min recovery period (post-ride). Sweat samples were collected from 6 horses competing in the endurance ride and 14 horses competing in a 3-day event competition and sweat concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride measured. There were substantial decreases in plasma electrolyte concentrations, which were greater than previously reported. Decreases from pre to post ride samples of 5 mmol/1 of sodium, 1.2 mmol/1 of potassium and 16 mmol/1 of chloride were found. These losses appeared to be related directly to sweat electrolyte concentrations, where potassium and chloride had relatively greater concentrations than in plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Not Available].

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France↗
PubMed1980

[Triglyceride synthesis and oleic acid catabolism by hepatic microsomes and mitochondria in clofibrate or procetofen-treated rats].

Several studies have explained the influence of clofibrate on lipid metabolism, and the depressive effect of this drug on blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels is now well-known. Inhibition of triglyceride formation in the liver, and thus a reduced release of newly synthesized triglycerides coupled with increased fatty acid catabolism, might partially explain the lipid-lowering effect of clofibrate. These in vitro studies were designed to determine the effects of a new normolipemic product, procetofen, on hepatic microsomal synthesis of triglycerides and mitochondrial catabolism of oleic acid. These subcellular particles were isolated from normal rats or those treated for 8 days with clofibrate (250 mg/kg/day) or procetofen (100 mg/kg/day). Microsomal triglyceride synthesis from 3H oleate was not significantly changed in the clofibrate-treated group, while it decreased by 25 p. 100 in the procetofen-treated group. In the mitochondrial system, 14CO2 production from 10-14C oleate was small and unaffected by either drug. Therefore, the radioactivity of acid-soluble products was enhanced by 40 or 130 p. 100 when mitochondria were isolated from the livers of rats treated with clofibrate or procetofen, respectively. These data support the hypothesis that the plasma lipid-lowering effect of procetofen in vivo could be explained by increased hepatic fatty acid degradation which probably induced a reduction of triglyceride synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Double-blind paired comparison clinical trial of halcinonide and hydrocortisone.

Fifty patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis, eczematous dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, or neurodermatitis and with bilateral symmetric lesions of equal severity participated in this study. A double-blind paired comparison technique was used in which halcinonide-neomycin-amphotericin ointment was applied to the lesions on one side of the body and hydrocortisone ointment to similar lesions on the other side according to a randomized schedule. The halcinonide-containing combination was statistically superior (p less than 0.05) to hydrocortisone ointment in the treatment of psoriasis patients. No statistically significant difference between the two drugs was obtained for the three other indications studied. No side effects with either ointment were observed. Halcinonide as formulated in this combination is an effective and safe corticosteroid.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1977

The effect of various dietary factors on the size distribution of lymph fat particles in rat.

By means of cellulose acetate electrophoresis and measurement of radio-activity, lipoproteins (d less than or equal to 1,006) of lymph collected from rats fed a diet containing fats added to labeled fatty acids for 20-24 hr, have been separated into two kinds differing in their size. Fats with different saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content were tested: corn oil, lard, mutton tallow, tripalmitin, corn oil-lard mixture, and randomized palmitic-linoleic triglycerides. Factors studied were: (a) increased amounts of these fats given alone or included in a test meal; (b) added amounts of nutrients (other than fats) in the test meal; (c) adaptation to a diet containing 20% fat for 10 days. The major part of the labeled lymph lipid was always transported by the smaller particles. Size distribution of lymph fat particles was influenced by some of the factors studied. Generally, unsaturated fats produced higher amounts of larger particles.

Animals↗