Spermatotoxic effects of nickel in mice.
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Administration, Oral↗
Biomedical subjects
R Pandey
Publications and source records attributed to R Pandey.
Spectral light quality affects protein profile of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942: a comparative 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis.
We report here a comparative analysis of the effect of blue (450 nm), red (660 nm), and white light (400-700 nm) on the protein profile of cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. In vivo labeling of cells with [(35)S] methionine and their subsequent analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) showed that eight polypeptides were unique to dark adapted cells, ten were blue light specific, and four were specifically induced in red light. The results show that Synechococcus sp. respond to various light treatments rapidly and synthesize new polypeptides in dark and blue/red light.
Bacterial Proteins↗
Sweet's syndrome and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: two sequelae of low-dose cytosine arabinoside therapy in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia.
Cytosine arabinoside in low dose is sometimes employed for treating acute myeloid leukaemia. We report here a case of acute myeloid leukemia, treated with low-dose cytosine arabinoside, who developed acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after attainment of remission. A direct effect of cytosine arabinoside on neutrophil function and an immunosuppressive potential in lower doses could be speculated.
Adult↗
Extradural meningioma en-plaque of the cervical cord.
A rare case of cervical extradural en-plaque meningothelial meningioma is reported. The magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extradural sheet of tumor encasing the cervical cord from anterior, posterior and right lateral aspects and emerging from the right C3-4 intervertebral foramina. Though a differential diagnosis of lymphoma and tubercular granulation tissue were considered, its isointense intensity patterns on T1 and T2 weighted images and the intratumoral calcification on intrathecal contrast computed tomographic scan suggested a meningioma. At surgery, the lesion was fibrous, avascular and densely adherent to the dura. The radiological features and management options of the lesion are discussed.
Adult↗
Pharmacokinetics of ICG and HPPH-car for the detection of normal and tumor tissue using fluorescence, near-infrared reflectance imaging: a case study.
We present in vivo fluorescent, near-infrared (NIR), reflectance images of indocyanine green (ICG) and carotene-conjugated 2-devinyl-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl) pyropheophorbide (HPPH-car) to discriminate spontaneous canine adenocarcinoma from normal mammary tissue. Following intravenous administration of 1.0 mg kg-1 ICG or 0.3 mg kg-1 HPPH-car into the canine, a 25 mW, 778 nm or 70 mW, 660 nm laser diode beam, expanded by a diverging lens to approximately 4 cm in diameter, illuminated the surface of the mammary tissue. Successfully propagating to the tissue surface, ICG or HPPH-car fluorescence generated from within the tissue was collected by an image-intensified, charge-coupled device camera fitted with an 830 or 710 nm bandpass interference filter. Upon collecting time-dependent fluorescence images at the tissue surface overlying both normal and diseased tissue volumes, and fitting these images to a pharmacokinetic model describing the uptake (wash-in) and release (wash-out) of fluorescent dye, the pharmacokinetics of fluorescent dye was spatially determined. Mapping the fluorescence intensity owing to ICG indicates that the dye acts as a blood pool or blood persistent agent, for the model parameters show no difference in the ICG uptake rates between normal and diseased tissue regions. The wash-out of ICG was delayed for up to 72 h after intravenous injection in tissue volumes associated with disease, because ICG fluorescence was still detected in the diseased tissue 72 h after injection. In contrast, HPPH-car pharmacokinetics illustrated active uptake into diseased tissues, perhaps owing to the overexpression of LDL receptors associated with the malignant cells. HPPH-car fluorescence was not discernable after 24 h. This work illustrates the ability to monitor the pharmacokinetic delivery of NIR fluorescent dyes within tissue volumes as great as 0.5-1 cm from the tissue surface in order to differentiate normal from diseased tissue volumes on the basis of parameters obtained from the pharmacokinetic models.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Endoscopic and histologic evaluation of reflux esophagitis.
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Adolescent↗
Endosonographic, endoscopic, and histologic evaluation of alterations in the rectal venous system in patients with portal hypertension.
BACKGROUND: Colorectal varices and congestive rectopathy or colopathy have been erratically reported in patients with portal hypertension. The clinical importance of these entities has not been described. We assessed the changes in the venous system of the rectum by endoscopy and rectal endosonography (EUS). We also assessed the role of factors such as etiology of portal hypertension, grade of esophageal varices, sclerotherapy, and liver disease severity on the occurrence of these vascular changes. METHODS: We studied changes in the venous system of the rectum using endoscopy and EUS in 60 patients with portal hypertension (cirrhotic 41, noncirrhotic 19). Ten patients with irritable bowel syndrome and 6 patients with hemorrhoids served as controls. Rectal varices were classified as tortuous, nodular, and tumorous. Corresponding appearances on rectal EUS were classified as single or discrete multiple, multiple, and innumerable submucosal veins, respectively. Evidence of congestive rectopathy was also recorded. RESULTS: Prevalence of rectal varices was 43.3% on endoscopy (73% tortuous, 19% nodular, and 8% tumorous) and 75% on EUS (p < 0.0005). The latter showed corresponding appearances of submucosal veins in 25 of 26 patients and detected submucosal veins not identified at endoscopy in 19 other patients. Congestive rectopathy was found in 38.3% of patients. Multiple small dilated vessels in the submucosa were seen in 23.3% patients on rectal EUS. The development of these vascular changes was significantly influenced by sclerotherapy, but not by higher grade of esophageal varices, the etiology of portal hypertension, or severity of liver disease. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the rectal venous system are common, with rectal EUS being superior to endoscopy in detecting early, as well as florid, changes.
Adolescent↗
Male reproductive effect of nickel sulphate in mice.
Nickel sulphate was administered orally to adult male mice at dose level of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight (5 days per week) for 35 days. There was no change in body weight. However a significant decrease in absolute and organ-to-body weight ratios of testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles and prostate gland was observed. The sperm abnormality, associated with decrease in sperm motility and sperm count was also observed. Significant alterations in the activities of marker testicular enzymes, viz. sorbitol dehydrogenase (decreases), lactate dehydrogenase (increases) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (increases) associated with histopathological changes in testes, epididymides and seminal vesicles, were also observed. Accumulation of nickel in testes, epididymides and seminal vesicles was also observed. The study reveals that the oral exposure to nickel may affect the histology of testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles and sperms morphology. These testicular and spermatotoxic changes may be responsible for observed male mediated developmental toxic effects.
Animals↗
Relative frequencies of G and P types among rotaviruses from Indian diarrheic cow and buffalo calves.
While an increasing number of studies suggest that there is a high prevalence of rotaviruses with P8[11], a typical P type of bovine rotavirus (BRV), among human neonates or infants in India, no data are available on the distribution of G and P types of Indian BRVs. Thus, fecal specimens were collected from cow and buffalo calves under 1 month of age on organized dairy farms in India during the period between 1994 and 1997, and 36 rotavirus-positive specimens were used to determine the relative frequencies of the G and P types of Indian BRVs. As to the G type, G10 was predominant (83%), followed by G6 (6%). The majority (94%) of BRVs had P8[11], and only one isolate possessed P6[1]. The most common combination of G and P types was G10P8[11] (81%), followed by G6P6[1] (3%) and G6P8[11] (3%). The high prevalence of BRVs possessing P8[11] VP4s strongly supports the hypothesis that BRVs may cross the host species barrier and circulate among neonates in India.
Animals↗
An assessment of the histological criteria used to diagnose infection in hip revision arthroplasty tissues.
AIM: To characterise the number and nature of the inflammatory cells seen in cases of septic or aseptic loosening of hip arthroplasty, and to establish reliable histological criteria to distinguish between these two conditions. METHODS: Histological examination of paraffin sections of periprosthetic tissues (pseudocapsule, femoral and acetabular pseudomembranes) of 523 cases of aseptic loosening and 79 cases of microbiology culture proven septic loosening. The cellular composition of the inflammatory cell infiltrate was determined semiquantitatively. RESULTS: The finding of a 2+ or greater neutrophil polymorph infiltrate (one or more cells per high power field (x400) on average after examination of 10 fields) in arthroplasty tissues correlated strongly with the microbiological diagnosis of septic loosening: diagnostic sensitivity 100%, specificity 97%, accuracy 99%, positive predictive value 92%, negative predictive value 100%. The finding of a 3+ neutrophil polymorph infiltrate (five or more cells on average per high power field) had a diagnostic sensitivity of 72%, specificity 100%, accuracy 98%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictive value 97%. In some cases of septic loosening the finding of a heavy lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltrate was of low diagnostic sensitivity. A neutrophil polymorph infiltrate (generally less than one cell per 10 high power fields) was also seen in cases of aseptic loosening. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of 2+ or more (more than one neutrophil polymorph per high power field (x400) on average after examination of at least 10 high power fields) in periprosthetic tissues provides the most sensitive and accurate histopathological criterion for distinguishing between septic and aseptic loosening of hip arthroplasty.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗
Pyoderma gangrenosum. A diagnosis not to be missed.
We describe a case of pyoderma gangrenosum which presented with severe wound breakdown after elective hip replacement. The patient was treated successfully with minimal wound debridement and steroids. This diagnosis should always be considered when confronted with an enlarging painful skin lesion which does not grow organisms when cultured and fails to respond to antibiotic therapy, especially if there are similar lesions in other sites. In patients who have a past history of pyoderma gangrenosum, prophylactic steroids may be indicated at the time of surgery or may be required early in the postoperative period.
Aged↗
Recombinant feline leukemia virus (FeLV) variants establish a limited infection with altered cell tropism in specific-pathogen-free cats in the absence of FeLV subgroup A helper virus.
Feline leukemia virus subgroup B (FeLV-B) is commonly associated with feline lymphosarcoma and arises through recombination between endogenous retroviral elements inherited in the cat genome and corresponding regions of the envelope (env) gene from FeLV subgroup A (FeLV-A). In vivo infectivity for FeLV-B is thought to be inefficient in the absence of FeLV-A. Proposed FeLV-A helper functions include enhanced replication efficiency, immune evasion, and replication rescue for defective FeLV-B virions. In vitro analysis of the recombinant FeLV-B-like viruses (rFeLVs) employed in this study confirmed these viruses were replication competent prior to their use in an in vivo study without FeLV-A helper virus. Eight specific-pathogen-free kittens were inoculated with the rFeLVs alone. Subsequent hematology and histology results were within normal limits, however, in the absence of detectable viremia, virus expression, or significant seroconversion, rFeLV proviral DNA was detected in bone marrow tissue of 4/4 (100%) cats at 45 weeks postinoculation (pi), indicating these rFeLVs established a limited but persistent infection in the absence of FeLV-A. Altered cell tropism was also noted. Focal infection was seen in T-cell areas of the splenic follicles in 3/4 (75%) rFeLV-infected cats analyzed, while an FeLV-A-infected cat showed focal infection in B-cell areas of the splenic follicles. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the surface glycoprotein portion of the rFeLV env gene amplified from bone marrow tissue collected at 45 weeks pi showed no sequence alterations from the original rFeLV inocula.
Animals↗
Minimal change disease and Hodgkin's disease: a rare association.
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Child↗
Association of hepatitis E virus with an outbreak of hepatitis at a military training camp in Nepal.
From 29 January 1995 to 15 March 1995, an outbreak of hepatitis occurred among 692 soldiers at an isolated training camp 25 km east of Kathmandu. Thirty-two cases occurred approximately 8 weeks after arrival of soldiers at the camp. To determine the etiology of the outbreak, patient sera were examined for evidence of infection with hepatitis A, B, C, and E viruses using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA. Evidence of recent infection (IgM to HEV and/or HEV RNA) was found in all but two patients, whereas none had evidence of recent infection with hepatitis A, B, or C viruses. Therefore, the outbreak was attributed to HEV. Fecally contaminated drinking water was suspected as the source of the outbreak. To determine the extent of HEV infections among those without clinical hepatitis, sera from the remaining soldiers were examined for markers of HEV infection. Evidence of past infection (IgG to HEV in the absence of IgM or HEV RNA) was found among 204 soldiers (prevalence = 30%), leaving 488 individuals susceptible to infection at the onset of the outbreak. Evidence of recent infection was found among another 83 individuals. We conclude that most exposed, susceptible soldiers sustained HEV infection without experiencing overt hepatitis. If the levels of virus inoculum and prior immunity in this population were typical, inapparent infection may be the usual adult response to virus exposure in an endemic area.
Adult↗
Nasoethmoid schwannoma with intracranial extension. Case report and review of literature.
Schwannomas are very rare in the nose and paranasal sinuses; their presence both intra-and extracranially is still rarer. Here we present a case of nasoethmoid schwannoma with intracranial extension into anterior cranial fossa. Clinical, radiological, pathological and operative findings are discussed and the literature is reviewed. We recommend bifrontal craniotomy for removal of intracranial and nasoethmoid extensions of this tumor.
Adult↗
Osteoclastic differentiation by mononuclear phagocytes containing biomaterial particles.
Aseptic loosening of implant components is a common and important complication of both cemented and uncemented prosthetic joint replacements. Wear particles derived from organic polymer and metal implant biomaterials are commonly found within macrophages and macrophage polykaryons in the fibrous membrane between loose implant components and the host bone undergoing resorption. In order to determine whether biomaterial particle-containing, foreign-body macrophages may contribute to periprosthetic bone resorption, we cultured murine monocytes that had phagocytosed particles of biomaterials commonly employed in bone implant surgery [polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (PE), titanium and chromium-cobalt] on bone slices and glass coverslips with UMR 106 osteoblast-like stromal cells in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3. Under these conditions, all biomaterial particle-containing, foreign-body macrophages differentiated into osteoclastic cells, i.e. tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells capable of extensive lacunar bone resorption. This study shows that particle phagocytosis by macrophages does not abrogate the ability of these cells to undergo osteoclast differentiation. These findings emphasise the importance of the foreign-body macrophage response to biomaterial wear particles in the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening.
Animals↗
The role of MRI in the diagnosis of occult hip fractures.
Undisplaced fractures of the hip can occasionally be difficult to diagnose on radiographs. We performed MRI scans on 33 patients who had post-traumatic painful hips but negative radiographs. Forty per cent of the patients had sustained a fractured neck of femur, 15 per cent had sustained an intertrochanteric fracture and 11 per cent had sustained other fractures around the hip; in one patient a tumour was demonstrated. No fracture was seen in 30 per cent of the patients scanned. MRI is well tolerated by elderly patients in pain, does not involve ionising radiation and provides early and accurate diagnosis in patients with X-ray negative post-traumatic hip pain.
Accidental Falls↗
Tuberculous Addison's disease: lack of normalization of adrenocortical function after anti-tuberculous chemotherapy.
OBJECTIVE: Tuberculosis of the adrenal glands is a common cause of Addison's disease in developing countries. We conducted a study to determine if treatment of such patients with modern anti-tuberculous chemotherapy would lead to an improvement in plasma cortisol and aldosterone levels. DESIGN: Prospective study. PATIENTS: 5 patients with Addison's disease secondary to tuberculosis. MEASUREMENTS: Basal and ACTH stimulated plasma cortisol and aldosterone levels were measured prior to instituting anti-tuberculous chemotherapy, as well as one month after its conclusion. Four patients were again studied over the next 2-5 years. RESULTS: Peak plasma cortisol levels prior to treatment were markedly reduced (range, < 14-110 mumol/l). There was no improvement one month (< 14-143 mumol/l) or 2-5 years (< 14-69 mumol/l) after completing anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. Peak plasma aldosterone at diagnosis was < 56-210 pmol/l; it was undetectable in 4 patients. No improvement was observed one month (< 56-210 pmol/l), or 2-5 years (< 56-389 pmol/l) after stopping anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. Plasma aldosterone levels at both these time points were far lower than those in control subjects (median 736 pmol/l, 560-1512 pmol/l; p < 0.01). One patient had an increase in peak aldosterone from < 56 pmol/l to 389 pmol/l, though peak cortisol actually declined in this subject (from 110 mumol/l to 69 mumol/l). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of tuberculous Addison's disease with anti-tuberculous chemotherapy does not lead to normalization of ACTH stimulated plasma cortisol or aldosterone levels during the 2-5 year period of study. However, prolonged follow up with regular adrenal function tests is warranted in all such patients.
Addison Disease↗