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Biomedical subjects

R Palmer

Publications and source records attributed to R Palmer.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Acute treatment of benign gastric ulcer with once-daily bedtime dosing of cimetidine compared with placebo.

This multicentre, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy of cimetidine 800 mg nocte compared to placebo for ulcer healing and pain relief in patients with endoscopically confirmed, benign gastric ulcers treated for up to 8 weeks. Cimetidine accelerated ulcer healing throughout the study. More cimetidine-treated patients (35 of 82, 43%) than placebo-treated patients (26 of 79, 33%) had healed ulcers after 4 weeks of therapy. Similarly, after 6 and 8 weeks of treatment, cimetidine continued to have superior healing rates, 76% (59 of 78, P = 0.02) and 91% (69 of 76, P = 0.02) heal rates for cimetidine recipients compared with 58% (42 of 73) and 74% (52 of 70) for placebo. For every week of the study except the second, a greater proportion of cimetidine-treated patients were free of daytime and night-time pain than placebo-treated patients; the differences were statistically significant for night-time pain. Adverse reaction profiles were similar for the cimetidine and placebo groups. In conclusion, cimetidine 800 mg nocte was comparably safe and significantly more effective than placebo in accelerating healing and relieving pain in the treatment of acute, benign gastric ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Project SMART parent program: preliminary results of a chronic disease risk reduction trail.

Project SMART Parent Program is a school-based healthy lifestyle promotion program designed to reduce chronic disease risk in adults and to provide a health-conscious home environment for children through the adoption of healthy lifestyle by their parents. Parents in the high involvement condition received comprehensive health status appraisals, and a program designed to reduce dietary fat intake, and increase aerobic activity levels. Parents in the low involvement condition received only the comprehensive health status appraisals. ANCOVA, using treatment condition as the independent variable and change scores as the dependent variables, were used to assess program outcomes. At the first posttest measure, the intervention group compared to the control group had a significantly greater decrease in blood cholesterol, a greater gain in aerobic fitness, a greater weight loss, and a greater decrease in body fat. At the second posttest measure, the intervention group had significantly greater gain in aerobic fitness, a greater decrease in body fat, a greater decrease in systolic blood pressure, and a marginally significant decrease in weight. Preliminary results provide strong support for the effectiveness of the Parent Program in reducing chronic disease risks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Alprazolam, propranolol, and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks.

Fifty-five patients completed a 5-week double-blind study comparing alprazolam, propranolol, and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks. There was no concomitant behavioral treatment. Patient and therapist rating scales included Sheehan's Panic and Anxiety Attack Scales, the Marks-Sheehan Phobia Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Hamilton Depression Scale, and the Side Effects Checklist. The results generally support the efficacy of alprazolam, but not propranolol, in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks. The significance of the results are discussed, as well as a number of the unique aspects of our procedures and patient population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of Campylobacter pylori gastritis: a pilot study using pirenzepine dihydrochloride (Gastrozepin) and three formulations of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (De-Nol).

Antral biopsies were obtained to detect Campylobacter pylori infection in 382 patients referred for gastroscopy. One hundred and seventy four patients (46%) were infected. Infection was strongly associated with histological gastritis (p less than 0.001), but there was no association between histological antral gastritis and the appearance of the gastric antrum during gastroscopy. Because it has been suggested that the lower relapse rate for duodenal ulcer following colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) is due to suppression of C pylori we investigated different formulations and dosing of CBS for their efficacy in clearing C pylori. Seventy four infected patients were prospectively assigned to therapy with pirenzepine (11 patients) or one of four regimens of CBS; one swallow tablet 4 times a day (11 patients); two swallow tablets twice daily (16 patients); two buffered swallow tablets twice daily (14 patients); or two chew tablets twice daily (22 patients). All patients treated with pirenzepine and one CBS swallow tablet 4 times a day were still infected after treatment. Infection was not detected in 16 patients taking twice daily doses of CBS; 8 (50%), 3 (21%) and 5 (23%) patients taking two standard, buffered or chew tabs twice daily respectively. Improvement of histological gastritis was observed only in those patients apparently cleared of C pylori (p less than 0.01) and this was due to a decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nine patients apparently cleared of the infection were rebiopsied 44-137 days following treatment and 6 (66%) were found again to be infected. This study suggests that suppression of C pylori may vary with the formulation and dosing of CBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Altered exocrine pancreatic function in rats treated with nicotine.

The present study investigates the effects of nicotine treatment on exocrine pancreatic function. Adult male, Sprague-Dawley rats received nicotine via a time-release pellet, at a rate of 1.65 micrograms/min for 3 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, it was observed that although nicotine did not affect final body or pancreatic weight, the activities of amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin in pancreatic homogenates from nicotine-treated rats were 51, 29, and 35% higher, respectively, than in controls. Levels of immunoreactive cationic trypsin(ogen) were significantly higher in pancreatic homogenates and serum from nicotine-treated rats as compared with controls. In addition, concentrations of mRNA, encoding for pancreatic amylase, were higher in pancreatic homogenates from the nicotine-treated rats than in controls. In dispersed pancreatic acini isolated from nicotine-treated rats, basal secretion of amylase, trypsinogen, and chymotrypsinogen was 50% higher than controls and enzyme release following CCK-8 (100 pM), secretin (1 microM), and carbachol (7.5 microM) stimulation was also significantly higher. These data indicate that nicotine treatment, at levels comparable to those expected in moderate cigarette smokers, increases the content of digestive enzymes in rat pancreas, as well as their basal and secretagogue-induced release.

Amylases↗
PubMed1988

Thyroid hormones in panic disorder, panic disorder with agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder.

Fifty-two patients with generalized anxiety disorder who had symptoms persisting for at least 6 months, 41 patients suffering from either panic disorder (32 patients) or panic disorder with agoraphobia (9 patients), and 14 control subjects were screened for thyroid disease. Total serum thyroxine (TT4), serum-free thyroxine index (FT4I), and triiodothyronine resin uptake (T3RU), were examined for the entire sample, using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). No significant differences were found in TT4 (p = .24), FT4I (p = .24), and T3RU (p = .19). Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was examined in a subsample of 10 patients with generalized anxiety disorder, 11 with panic disorder or panic disorder with agoraphobia, and 10 controls. One-way ANOVA again showed no significant differences, although there was a trend (p = .07). This is the first report that compares generalized anxiety disorder patients, panic disorder patients, and patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia with controls on measures of thyroid function. It is also the first to report normal values in the thyroid indices of generalized anxiety disorder patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Platelet [3H]imipramine binding in generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and agoraphobia with panic attacks.

The density of platelet [3H]imipramine binding sites is reported to be decreased in unipolar depression and, hence, is a putative biological marker. There is considerable evidence for a phenomenological and biological relationship of panic disorder with affective disorder. We studied platelet [3H]imipramine binding site density in unmedicated subjects with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; n = 55), panic disorder (PD) with and without agoraphobia (n = 52), and normal controls (n = 26) in order to determine whether or not patients with panic disorder differed from controls in this biological assay. We found no differences in binding site density (Bmax) or affinity (Kd) among the PD, PD with agoraphobia, GAD, and control groups. Nor did we find a relationship between Bmax or Kd and the severity of depressive symptoms or the presence of a family history of affective disorder. In view of two conflicting prior studies, the use of [3H]imipramine binding in panic disorder remains problematic.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Nutritional intake from food sources of high school football athletes.

Male high school football athletes served as subjects (no. = 134; age = 15.0 +/- 1.2 years, range = 12 to 18 years; weight = 67.7 +/- 13.9 kg) (mean +/- standard deviation) in a dietary survey project to characterize nutritional intake from food sources. Dietary intake data were collected using the recall method for 1 weekday during the summer when athletes participated in unsupervised, informal conditioning. Subjects were grouped by age as junior high (JR-HI: 12 to 14 years) or senior high (SR-HI: 15 to 18 years) students. Absolute mean energy and nutrient intakes, except for vitamin A, were statistically greater for SR-HI relative to JR-HI (p less than .02). These findings are consistent with age-related growth on nutritional intake. Mean nutritional intakes from food sources for SR-HI met or exceeded the RDAs. For JR-HI, mean intakes met or exceeded the RDAs except for energy (94% RDA) and zinc (87% RDA). Mean intakes exceeded those of a representative sample of same-age boys in the larger American population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Metronidazole: a double-blind trial in untreated human periodontal disease.

The effect of metronidazole was assessed in 20 subjects with untreated periodontitis, in a double-blind trial. Subjects received a 1-week course of drug or placebo immediately after baseline examination, and were reassessed 1 month and 3 months later. A 0.25 N constant force probe and darkfield microscopy were used. At 1 month, a difference was observed between the deepest individual pockets in experimental and control groups, with regard to change in probing depth and the proportions of non-motile organisms. At 3 months, differences were observed in 1-3 mm baseline pockets, where a greater proportion of control pockets increased in probing depth, and in 4-6 mm pockets, where a greater proportion of baseline bleeding pockets had ceased to bleed in the experimental group. The differences were of limited clinical significance when compared to studies where metronidazole was used as an adjunct to other therapy, and the results were equivocal with regard to the specific plaque hypothesis, since inhibition of connective tissue attachment loss was not unambiguously demonstrable.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Isolation and expression in Escherichia coli of a cDNA clone encoding human beta-glucuronidase.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII is a lysosomal storage disease resulting from a deficiency of beta-glucuronidase (BG) activity. To facilitate the investigation of mutation in the disease and provide molecular diagnostic tools for affected families, we have isolated human BG cDNA clones. The SV40-transformed human fibroblast cDNA library of Okayama and Berg [Mol. Cell. Biol. 3 (1982) 280-289] was screened with a fragment of a murine BG cDNA clone (pGUS-1). The 17 human cDNA clones (pHUG) isolated were identical by restriction mapping, varying only in length. The pHUG clones show 80% DNA sequence homology with pGUS-1 in a 198-bp PvuII-SstI restriction fragment. Both pGUS-1 and the pHUG clones contained an open reading frame (ORF) throughout the sequenced region with a predicted amino acid sequence homology of 73%. Expression in Escherichia coli of a 1150-bp fragment of pHUG-1 subcloned in pUC9 resulted in an isopropyl-thio-beta-galactoside (IPTG)-inducible 35-kDal fusion protein which was specifically immunoprecipitated by goat anti-human BG immunoglobulin G (IgG). This evidence provides direct confirmation that the pHUG cDNA clones correspond to human BG.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

AIDS surveillance in haemophilia.

We suspected a patient attending our Haemophilia Centre had developed Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and therefore immunological evaluation was performed on 43 patients with haemophilia and von Willebrand's disease attending the Centre. The index patient died of Pneumocytis carinii pneumonia. Thirty-one patients had either abnormal T cell subsets or helper/suppressor ratios. Thirty-two patients had hypergammaglobulinaemia. There was no direct correlation between these immunological abnormalities and the total amount or type of treatment received. T cell abnormalities were not confined to the 13 patients who had received the same batches of concentrate as the index case. The index case simultaneously contracted hepatitis B. He was the only patient to receive a large amount of the suspect batches of concentrate, not previously immune to hepatitis B.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Leicester ECT trial: results in schizophrenia.

As part of the Leicester electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) study, the role of ECT in schizophrenia was investigated in a double-blind trial. The Present State Examination criteria for schizophrenia were fulfilled by 22 patients, of whom 19 gave consent and entered the trial. Neuroleptic medication was restricted during the trial period. Patients were randomly allocated to eight real ECT or eight simulated ECT. At the end of the four-week trial period, patients receiving real ECT showed a significantly greater improvement when measured on the Montgomery-Asberg Schizophrenia Scale (MASS), the visual analogue global psychopathology scale, and the depression scale. The differences on the MASS and visual analogue global psychopathology scale were not due to improvement in depressive symptoms. The superiority of real ECT was not demonstrated at the 12- and 28-week follow-up, when treatment was not controlled.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Not Available].

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History, Ancient↗