Availability of the hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R P Snaith.
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To date there has been no suitable scale for the self-assessment of irritability in the clinical situation. Existing scales have either included aspects of personality trait together with present state or they have been constructed on non-clinical populations. A self-assessment scale has been constructed which seeks to overcome such faults. Measures of depression and of anxiety are included, together with measures of outwardly directed irritability and inwardly directed irritability. This scale should be known as the Irritability, Depression, Anxiety--or IDA--Scale.
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Self-rating scales are finding an increasing use in psychiatric work. Not only are they widely used in research, but they provide the clinician with a score indicating the patient's psychiatric state at any one time, and these scores if repeated throughout the duration of treatment may be considered to provide a continuing measure of the severity of the illness, as does a temperature chart in a febrile illness. Most scales could be improved by item analysis, and in this study the Wakefield Self-Assessment of Depression Inventory, with added items, was subjected to statistical analysis. It was found that valid scales could be constructed for the measurement of anxiety and of depression in general psychiatric disorders, as well as scales for the measurement of the severity of endogenous (primary) depression and of anxiety states. In addition, the derivation of a 'diagnostic' score was confirmed in a cross-validation study and may be found of use both in research and in clinical practice.
Phenothiazine drugs were withdrawn from 17 chronic schizophrenic in-patients, with a control group of 14 patients remaining on active medication. The trial was conducted under double blind conditions over a period of 42 weeks with weekly assessment of the patients by ward nurses. Of the placebo group 35% relapsed, relapse being related to the level of previous active medication.
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