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Biomedical subjects

R P Langlais

Publications and source records attributed to R P Langlais.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Oral mucosal conditions in elderly dental patients.

OBJECTIVES: The goals of this study were as follows: to obtain baseline information on the incidence of oral mucosal conditions in a population of elderly Thai patients and to investigate differences in the presentation of these findings in relation to age, sex and the wearing of dentures. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The incidence of oral mucosal conditions was determined by the clinical examination of a sample of 500 Thai patients aged 60 years and older. RESULTS: The overall incidence of oral mucosal conditions was 83.6% with no significant difference between men (81.4%) and women (85%). The incidence of oral mucosal conditions indicated a significant increase with advancing age. Varices (59.6%), fissured tongue (28%) and traumatic ulcer (15.6%) were the three most common conditions; and the incidence increased with age. Leukoplakia and smoker's melanosis were more common in men whereas lichen planus was seen more frequently in women. Three cases of oral cancer were detected, representing an incidence of 0.6%. Denture wearers (62.7%) exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of oral mucosal conditions than subjects who had no dentures (28.5%) and subjects with crowns and/or bridges (8.8%). The three most common denture-related problems were traumatic ulcer (22.6%), denture stomatitis (14.3%) and angular cheilitis (4.8%). In addition, the incidence of denture-related conditions among complete denture wearers (46.3%) was higher than in those wearing partial dentures (40.8%). CONCLUSION: The current results regarding an elderly Thai population support the studies of other populations whereby the incidence of oral mucosal conditions in the elderly is related to age, sex and the wearing of dentures.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Buccal and palatal exostoses: prevalence and concurrence with tori.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and location of oral exostoses and the concurrence of buccal and palatal exostoses with tori. STUDY DESIGN: With clinical inspection and palpation, 960 Thais were examined for the presence or absence of torus palatinus (TP), torus mandibularis (TM), and exostoses. RESULTS: Of the 960 subjects studied, 26.9% exhibited exostoses. Exostoses were more common in the maxilla than in the mandible (5.1:1). In addition, most of the exostoses were located on the buccal aspect of the jaws. The prevalence of exostoses increased with age (P = .000). Exostoses were significantly more common in men than in women (62.4% vs 37.6%, P =.000). Exostoses were concurrent with TM more frequently than with TP (36.2% vs 20.6%). The highest concurrence of exostoses with tori was observed in subjects who had both TP and TM (42.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of exostoses is related to increasing age. TM and exostoses may share the same causative factors, and functional influences may contribute. Our findings lend support to the hypothesis that the etiology of exostoses involves an interplay of multifactorial genetic and environmental factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Three-dimensional computed tomography imaging in dentistry.

The authors have presented several 3-D CT imaging techniques that may be useful in dentistry. MPR and dental MPR provides cross-sectional images of the jaws and the dental arches, and its utility in implant treatment planning is widely recognized. SSD allows the clinician to visualize the surface of an anatomic structure that is selected by a threshold value. Volume rendering is a powerful and flexible three-dimensional imaging technique that can create various unique images. MIP may be useful in contrast-enhanced CT examinations, such as sialography. Model production and virtual reality three-dimensional imaging may become major techniques in the near future. Although the increased radiation dose to the patients has to be considered, future imaging demands will bring more access to 3-D CT imaging by dental patients and, with adequate three-dimensional rendering techniques, more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Anatomy, Cross-Sectional↗
PubMed2000

Magnetic resonance imaging in dentistry.

MR imaging has found a place in the imaging sciences. These images are unique in that no ionizing radiation is used, the same tissues may or may not have different appearances with different machine settings, a unique set of terms is used to describe the findings in the images, and these findings can be analyzed with the view of obtaining more diagnostic information not readily available with any other imaging modality. Cases have been presented to help demonstrate differences in T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences as well as the value of contrast material. Additionally, plain film and CT views were included so that they may be contrasted with the MR images. The role and application of CT versus MR imaging has been further discussed and illustrated by Nortjé and van Rensburg. A typical temporomandibular joint case has also been presented. In the future, it is hoped that clinicians will refer more patients for MR imaging so that diagnoses can be made more accurately with analytic software.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Digital X-rays are here; why aren't you using them?

Digital imaging is here. It is cost-effective and helps dentists glean more useful information to make treatment decisions. Many more choices of digital systems are available for dentists to adopt than when the technology was introduced. The hardware is less costly than it was even one year ago, and image storage is now very inexpensive. Technical time is reduced, and no special training is required if the dentist or auxiliary has used a paralleling system. Insurance companies are gearing up to accept image files attached to claims. Why, then, are dentists not buying these systems as fast as manufacturer's can build them? This article explores that question and discusses the false assumptions behind perceived obstacles.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Three-dimensional computed tomography evaluation of postsurgical condylar displacement after mandibular osteotomy.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine both condylar displacement of the temporomandibular joint after sagittal split ramus osteotomy with rigid osteosynthesis and intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy without osteosynthesis in patients with mandibular prognathism by means of three-dimensional computed tomography. STUDY DESIGN: In this pilot study, five patients treated with sagittal split ramus osteotomy and 5 patients treated with intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy were evaluated. A technique to superimpose a postoperative three-dimensional computed tomography image on its corresponding preoperative image was designed. Postoperative condylar displacement, rotation, and tilting were measured in three-dimensional computed tomography images. RESULTS: Within 3 to 6 months after surgery, changes in the inclination of the condylar axes were distinctly seen, although changes in the position of the condyles within the joints were minimal. In particular, outward rotation of the condylar long axes after intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy was a frequent finding. CONCLUSIONS: The three-dimensional computed tomography superimposition technique was a practical method of evaluating postsurgical condylar displacement after mandibular osteotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Herpes B virus infection.

Herpes B virus (B virus) infection is common in macaques. Primary infection of B virus in primates is similar to herpes simplex virus 1 infection in human beings, but B virus generally produces only mild localized lesions in its natural host. In human beings, however, B virus can cause severe infection that may lead to death from encephalitis. Contact with monkey saliva, tissues, or tissue fluids is the most commonly reported route of transmission of B virus; a single case of person-to-person transmission has been reported. Airborne transmission is postulated to have occurred as a result of clinical circumstances in two reported cases, but there is no strong evidence to support the hypothesis of aerosol infection. Because B virus infection in human beings is often fatal, awareness of the risk of B virus infection should be emphasized. Although B virus infection in human beings is rare, it is an occupational health risk in exposed health care workers and laboratory personnel. This review of the literature of B virus infection includes case reports and a discussion of the nature of the B virus, characteristics of B virus infection in primates and human beings, the treatment of human infection, and the implications for dental health care providers. This report also serves as an introduction of the disease to the dental literature.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1998

Solitary bone cyst of the jaws: radiographic review of 44 cases.

Solitary bone cyst is a radiolucent lesion classified as a pseudocyst with a variety of reported shapes including round, oval, and irregular. In the long bones, a truncated cone shape has been described, and the fallen trabecula sign is seen in association with pathologic fracture. The purpose of this study was to classify and document the various shapes, to describe the width versus height dimensions of jaw SBCs, to determine the identifying signs of trauma, and to evaluate other reported radiographic features. Radiographs of 44 SBCs in 43 patients were studied. Sixty-four percent demonstrated the cone shape, and four subtypes of this shape were identified. Other shapes included oval (16%), irregular (16%), and round (4%). Radiographic signs of trauma were observed in 28% of the cases. No evidence of the "fallen trabecula sign" was found in this series.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Panoramic radiographic patterns of the infraorbital canal and anterior superior dental plexus.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and classify the presentations of the infra-orbital canal/groove (IOC/G) complex and anterior superior dental plexus (ASDP) on panoramic radiographs. METHODS: The frequency of occurrence and variations in appearance of the IOC/G were determined on 246 random panoramic radiographs. A classification system consisting of Types I, II and III was developed to describe the radiographic patterns of the IOC/G. RESULTS: Two hundred radiographs (81.3%) demonstrated evidence of the IOG/C. The most frequent appearance of the IOC was Type III (44.75%) closely followed by Type I (42%) and Type II (13.25%), with only minor differences in prevalence between right and left sides. Sixty one percent were bilateral. Radiologic evidence of the ASDP was noted in 29% of radiographs demonstrating an IOG/C with 12% of cases being bilateral. Three distinct radiographic patterns of the anterior superior dental plexus (ASDP) were also observed. CONCLUSION: A classification of the appearance of the IOC/G and ASDP on panoramic radiographs has been presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Conditions peculiar to the tongue.

The tongue is the organ of taste, and it functions in speech, mastication, and the deglutition of food. This muscular organ is affected by many conditions and diseases, including a variety of developmental, traumatic, inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic lesions.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Early pioneers of oral and maxillofacial radiology.

Because this year (1995) is the 100th anniversary of the discovery of radiography, it is appropriate that we again describe the events surrounding one of the most exciting times in our early dental x-ray history--the discovery of radiography by Roentgen and the application of radiography to the diagnosis and treatment of dental disease. Biographic sketches of some of the more prominent early pioneers in oral and maxillofacial radiology are presented, such as those of Walkhoff, Morton, Kells, Rollins, and Raper, along with a discussion of their contributions to the field.

Germany↗
PubMed1995

Infection control in dental radiology.

Although exposure to blood is rare in oral and maxillofacial radiology, contact with saliva occurs. Thus the spread of infectious diseases is possible through cross-contamination, and specific infection control protocols and unit dosing of items are needed. This article outlines rationale for implementing state-of-the-art infection procedures; and explains federal standards and guidelines with an impact on infection control and occupational safety in dental radiology procedures.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
PubMed1995

Risks from dental radiation in 1995.

Risks from dental radiation are primarily to the somatic tissues of exposed persons, although the genetic tissues may receive small amounts of radiation. Maximum permissible doses have been established at various levels depending on the tissue exposed and whether the exposure was occupational or non-occupational: for pregnant workers, the occupational exposure is 1/10 the normal limits. Risks from dental radiation is expressed as the number of extra fatal cancers per million exposed persons, referred to as relative risk. Generally, the relative risk is tenfold greater for the full mouth survey than for a simple panoramic radiograph. Several ways of reducing the risk, to patients as well as healthcare workers, are outlined.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Infection control in dental radiology.

Although exposure to blood is rare in oral and maxillofacial radiology, contact with saliva occurs. Thus the spread of infectious diseases is possible through cross-contamination, and specific infection control protocols and unit dosing of items are needed. This article outlines rationale for implementing state-of-the-art infection control procedures; and explains federal standards and guidelines with an impact on infection control and occupational safety in dental radiology procedures.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1994

Clinical comparison of two panoramic modalities and posterior bite-wing radiography in the detection of proximal dental caries.

A clinical study was designed to examine whether the Philips OrthOralix SD (Gendex Dental Systems, Monza, Italy) orthogonal panoramic projection could improve diagnostic accuracy over standard projections in the detection of proximal surface caries. Thirty-five sets of radiographs that demonstrated optimal image characteristics were selected. Using a five-point scale, 18 viewers evaluated whether specified lesions were present or absent. Viewer data was then compared with a consensus radiographic assessment of the state of the proximal areas. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated with the use of a maximum-likelihood method of fit. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used as the index of diagnostic accuracy. The mean receiver operating characteristic areas for orthogonal and standard projection panoramic and bite-wing radiography to detect the presence of proximal dental caries were 0.68 +/- 0.03, 0.69 +/- 0.03, and 0.79 +/- 0.03 respectively. Critical ratio analysis was used to compare the means for all possible pairings of imaging modalities. In overall performance, conventional bite-wing radiographs gave a significantly greater diagnostic yield for proximal caries than the Philips OrthOralix SD orthogonal or standard panoramic modalities (p > 0.05). The orthogonal projection did not improve diagnostic accuracy in the detection of proximal carious lesions compared with the standard projection.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1994

Allergic stomatitis.

There are basically two types of hypersensitivity reactions involved in allergic stomatitis, type I immediate hypersensitivity, and type IV delayed hypersensitivity. The allergic stomatitides may present with clinical appearances that mimic classic oral vesiculobullous and ulcerative lesions. Differential diagnosis from specific mucosal diseases is important in the treatment of oral allergy. Precise history taking and the elimination of the causative agents will be necessary. The mechanisms involved in oral reactions, etiologic factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment of allergic stomatitis will be described and discussed in this article.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1994

Principles of radiographic selection and interpretation.

When performing a radiologic examination, it is important for the clinician to follow a diagnostic sequence. Specific viewing principles are necessary to create the proper physical environment to obtain the most information from the radiographs. The selection of radiologic examination must be based on the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle, and the clinician should use a method approach to radiologic interpretation.

Humans↗