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Biomedical subjects

R P Clark

Publications and source records attributed to R P Clark.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Ventilation conditions and air-borne bacteria and particles in operating theatres: proposed safe economies.

Concentrations of air-borne bacteria and particles have been measured in turbulently ventilated operating theatres in full flow, half flow and zero flow conditions. Increased air-borne challenge produced by human activity and by mechanical cleaning procedures is demonstrated: die-away of this contamination is shown to be related to the ventilation rate. Ventilation can be reduced or turned off at night and during weekends, and cleaning can also be carried out, without increased risk of infection if full flow is restored one hour prior to preparation for surgery. Areas surrounding the theatres should remain at positive pressure with regard to the general hospital environment during low or no flow periods. The implementation of such energy-saving policies will substantially reduce theatre running costs without introducing infection hazards.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1984

Closure of dural defects with proplast.

Defects of the dura mater, which are a source of cerebral spinal fluid leakage, may be produced by trauma and otologic and neurosurgical operations. Proplast was evaluated as a graft material to close dural defects in three animal models (cats). For comparison, temporalis fascia was similarly evaluated in an additional three cats. Microsurgical techniques were utilized to close the defects, and both materials successfully prevented cerebral spinal fluid leakage. Proplast, however, was judged superior when studied microscopically at three months. There was ingrowth of living dura into the Proplast and no evidence of inflammatory reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Formaldehyde in pathology departments.

Toxic effects of formaldehyde in humans are discussed in relation to occupational exposure and tolerance to this agent. Carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of formaldehyde have been reported in animals and this has led to concern about a possible role in human cancer. The current state of affairs is reviewed in the light of a lack of direct evidence linking formaldehyde with cancer in man and in relation to recommended exposure levels. It is important to employ effective means of containment and practical methods for reducing exposure to formaldehyde in pathology departments and post-mortem rooms are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Variations in the buoyant density of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains.

Some of the factors which effect the buoyant density in caesium chloride of foot-and-mouth disease virus were investigated. Under standard conditions, the buoyant densities of a range of vaccine virus strains, representing all seven serotypes, were found to be unrelated to their potential of being formulated into effective vaccines. In some virus strains, a small amount of naturally occurring high and/or low density components were observed and these components were examined in more detail in one virus strain.

Aphthovirus↗
PubMed1980

Neonatal skin temperature distribution using infra-red colour thermography.

1. Infra-red Colour Thermography was used to visualize skin temperatures over seven neonates nursed in a modified temperature controlled incubator. 2. Temperature distributions were recorded on cine film which was analysed to evaluate mean skin temperatures; these were subsequently compared with values obtained from multiple, weighted measurements from a thermocouple thermometer. In all cases, there was agreement to within +/- 0 . 6 degrees C. 3. Thermograms in thermo-neutral conditions (approximately 32 degrees C) showed a temperature distribution with the warmest skin overlying the central hot 'core' and temperatures falling towards the extremities. Temperature patterns in a cooler environment (approximately 28 degrees C) showed features due to the conductive or thermogenic nature of the structures underlying the skin. 4. Multiple skin temperature recordings made at two environmental temperatures were obtained from a further twelve infants. 5. Linear regression of skin temperature against rectal--environmental difference, performed for each of the measured sites, showed that the upper arm and, to a lesser extent, the upper thigh temperatures represented the mean value most closely. The upper abdomen and head were both warmer and less responsive to environmental change than the mean skin temperature. These findings were supported by the thermographic observations.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Air in the tubes.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1977

Skin temperature during running--a study using infra-red colour thermography.

Infra-red colour thermography has been used to visualize skin temperatures in two athletes standing and running in an outdoor environment at 20 degrees C and in a climatic chamber at 11 degrees C. Temperature distributions and changes have been recorded on film and analysed. Mean skin temperatures determined by this method have been compared with skin temperatures obtained with a probe thermocouple. During running, skin temperatures were higher over muscles than over other structures and the distribution differed dramatically from that observed before exercise. Regional mean skin temperatures obtained by thermography differed by up to 4 degrees C from those obtained with the thermocouple probe. Overall mean skin temperatures obtained by both methods agreed to within 1-5 degrees C.

Adult↗