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Biomedical subjects

R Orlando

Publications and source records attributed to R Orlando.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Absorption of ciprofloxacin administered through a nasogastric or a nasoduodenal tube in volunteers and patients receiving enteral nutrition.

The absorption of ciprofloxacin was higher when administered through a nasoduodenal tube than through a nasogastric tube, indicating that even though acidic gastric pH is needed for rapid disintegration, dissolved ciprofloxacin might not be stable in the gastric environment. If the length of exposure or the different gastric environment in each individual affects the overall absorption of ciprofloxacin, this could explain the reported variability in ciprofloxacin absorption and suggests the need for the development of an enteric-coated tablet. Further studies are needed to fully characterize the absorption of ciprofloxacin in patients with different illnesses, gastric transit times, gastrointestinal environments and of different ages.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of including recommendations for antimicrobial therapy in microbiology laboratory reports.

Innovative approaches are needed to improve cost-effective antibiotic use in hospitals. We established an algorithm to provide a recommendation for both a single oral and a single parenteral antimicrobic, including dosage, to be placed in the bacteriology laboratory report for therapy guidance of 174 episodes of lower respiratory infection in a group of "program" patients with no evidence of infection at other sites. The initial recommendation was based on the Gram-stained direct smear of secretions. The recommendation was updated when preliminary culture results were available, and again with final identification and susceptibility data. We compared the severity of illness, length of stay, and cost of therapy for 68 episodes in program patients who received the recommended therapy with 111 episodes in a control group of patients who received antimicrobial therapy but for whom no recommendations were reported. There was a significantly greater use of the recommendations for sicker patients. Antimicrobial therapy, in general, was more often used for the program patients than for the controls. There was no difference in length of stay or therapy cost. We recommend that this approach be used in settings where there is more problematic use of antimicrobics.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital anomalies of the spleen mimicking hematological disorders and solid tumors: a single-center experience of 2650 consecutive diagnostic laparoscopies.

Congenital anomalies of the spleen range from splenic lobulation, to accessory spleen to polysplenia. Though most of these anatomical variants have no clinical significance, an accessory spleen may simulate a tumor in the adrenal gland, pancreas, stomach or intestine. Alternatively, a missed accessory spleen may be the site of the relapse of a hematological disorder. We, therefore, assessed retrospectively: (i) the frequency of congenital anomalies of the spleen observed during 2650 consecutive laparoscopies and (ii) looked for possible misdiagnoses of the accessory spleen as hematological disorders or solid tumors located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. Congenital anomalies of the spleen were detected in 55 cases, accounting for 2.07%. Accessory spleens were observed in 44 patients (1.6%) and spleen lobulation in 11 (0.47%). An accessory spleen was the most common of the splenic anomalies. Among the 44 patients in whom an accessory spleen was discovered laparoscopically, the recognition of this anomaly prevented a relapse of a hematological disease in one case and avoided a useless exploratory laparotomy in the second, where the radiologist had interpreted this malformation as a space-occupying lesion. In the third case, the accessory spleen was initially misdiagnosed as a solid tumor of the pancreas, but was eventually recognized as a congenital anomaly by a second laparoscopy.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of mantle cell lymphoma in a patient with adrenocortical carcinoma and an 18-year survival after complete removal of the primary cancer and resection of local recurrences.

The case of a patient with a non-functional and poorly-differentiated adrenocortical carcinoma, who had an unexpected long-term survival after a right adrenalectomy and subsequent removal of 2 local recurrences, is reported. However, fifteen years after the complete resection of the primary neoplasm, the patient first developed an autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura and later a mantle cell lymphoma located in the mediastinal lymph nodes. This case confirms the possible growth of a second tumour in patients with adrenocortical carcinomas, especially if presenting a long survival after resection of the primary malignancy, and emphasises the need for the close follow-up of these patients.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[From a randomized assay, Francisella turned out to be epidemiologically present in the studied areas].

In the past Tularemia has largely affected animals, nowadays' in our country it could become actual one more because of wild animals repopulation actuated in many areas. Unlike the other countries, in Italy it's not well known if there are any consequences on population. The authors has conducted a research on this subject studying seroimmunologically samples taken randomly in some areas of south-central Italy. Their results confirm endemism and therefore announce the problem and the consequent pathology.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology of rotavirus infections in a randomized study in various central-southern areas of our country].

The etiology of diarrhea and intestinal deficiency relative to the absorbency of glucose and some enzymes can be found in Rotavirus infection. The epidemiology of this infection has been derived by the authors even if the research was limited to some areas of central-south Italy, analyzing seroimmunologically serums randomly selected. The research outcomes fully explain the first mentioned disease because antibody markers have been founded in most of the examined people.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[There exists an epidemiology of Legionella pneumophila in our country].

The authors, after a brief relation on contribution given by international publications, relates about their study on Legionellosis epidemiology based on seroconversion results obtained comparing six different serotypes, precisely the ones from 1 to 6, over a sample of people living in the areas surrounding the two italian cities of Rome and Siena. This study has given proof of an high, and unaspected, seroconversion (over 27%) caused by Legionella Pneumophila. Titer was equal to or higher than 64, and there was a significantly higher incidence given by serotype 6 in both the examined areas.

Bacterial Infections↗