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Biomedical subjects

R Okun

Publications and source records attributed to R Okun.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1967

Renal disease secondary to metabolic disorders or physiological deficiency states.

Significant alterations in the structure and functions of the kidney are caused by a number of metabolic disturbances and deficiencies of physiological substances. These include intercapillary glomerulosclerosis, gout, hypercalcemia, hereditary cystinuria, potassium depletion, pyrophosphates deficiency, vitamin D deficiency and liver disorders. Some of these metabolic disorders are secondary to drug ingestion.

Deficiency Diseases↗
PubMed1966

The long-term effectiveness of methyldopa in hypertension.

A trial of methyldopa in hypertension was conducted in 60 patients for a mean time of 9.4 months. Initially, four different dosages of methyldopa were studied and blood pressure was significantly lowered in the supine and standing positions. Standing blood pressure was significantly reduced more than supine. An average of 5.2 visits passed before maintenance blood pressure was obtained. There was no significent evidence of deterioration during the duration of this study. Side effects were mild. Only two patients voluntarily requested discontinuance of this study. Tolerance to the drug occurred and approximately 50 per cent of the patients no longer had a significant blood pressure reduction to methyldopa alone by the end of the study. Methyldopa appears to be a significant addition to the drug therapy of hypertension.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Double-blind comparison of triamterene plus hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone plus hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of hypertension.

The results from this double-blind, multi-investigator study showed that a combination of 50 mg triamterene plus 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide and a combination of 25 mg spironolactone plus 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide were equally efficacious in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive outpatients, and that they produced the same type and incidence of adverse effects. Likewise, the two drug combinations produced similar effects on blood chemistry and hematology. There were no significant differences between the two combination drugs in efficacy laboratory studies, or adverse effects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An analgesic comparison study of indoprofen versus aspirin and placebo in surgical pain.

Single oral doses of 100 and 200 mg indoprofen were compared with 600 mg aspirin and placebo in a double-blind, completely randomized study of hospitalized patients with postoperative, post-fracture, or musculoskeletal pain. The patients evaluated their pain for 5 hours after administration of the study drug. Each of the three active treatments performed significantly better than placebo. The 200-mg dose level of indoprofen demonstrated the greatest analgesic activity based on pain intensity and pain relief scores and on the patients' global evaluations. The analgesic activity of 100 mg indoprofen fell between that of 200 mg indoprofen and 600 mg aspirin and was not significantly different from either.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

National Cooperative Gallstone Study: nonprimate toxicology of chenodeoxycholic acid.

A program involving acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity as well as reproduction studies was performed to evaluate the potential toxicity of chenodeoxycholic acid in rats, hamsters, and dogs. Acute oral toxicity studies showed that there were some species differences and that female hamsters were more sensitive to toxic doses than male hamsters. Subacute and chronic studies in hamsters showed the toxicity to be limited to effects on the liver, including proliferation of intrahepatic bile ducts in portal areas with elevations of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase. No tumorigenic effect was observed. A series of reproduction studies showed no adverse effect on fertility, gestation, live birth indices, or skeletal or visceral development of fetuses. A dominant lethal study detected no biologically significant increases in proportions of embryo deaths. The changes in the animals were rather similar bile duct reduplications. The data suggest that at high doses in sensitive animals inflammation and scarring may develop. No other significant organ pathology was observed. The mechanism of toxicity of chenodeoxycholic acid remains speculative. Some chenodeoxycholic acid may be converted to lithocholic acid by bacteria in the large bowel. The lithocholic acid may be resorbed and cause lesions such as bile duct proliferation. This liver toxicity might not be expected in humans since lithocholic acid is sulfated to a large extent.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validation of a computer-assisted method for estimating the number and volume of gallstones visualized by cholecystography.

It is likely that in the near future there will be widespread use of medicinal therapy to dissolve gallstones. The efficacy of medicinal therapy can best be determined by attempting to relate the total surface area of a collection of gallstones to the composition of bile in patients undergoing therapy. Surface area, in turn, can be directly related to gallstone size and number. In this study, involving 48 cholecystectomized patients, we have shown that standard cholecystography, together with a computer-assisted method of metrology, can effectively monitor the above parameters. Determinations of the standard deviation of 1) replicate readings (35.8%) and 2) averaged metrology estimates compared with actual stone volumes (42.9%), as well as correlation of actual stone volumes with averaged metrology estimates (r = 0.961), indicated the magnitude of assessed change in stone volume that would be necessary to accept a roentgenographic decrease or increase in stone size with 95% confidence. Even with the increased precision found in the computer-assisted method as described, to attain a 98% certainty of some volume change it was necessary to have metrology volume change of 50% or more. Actual stone counts were without significant error in 87.5% of the determinations.

Chenodeoxycholic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term antihypertensive therapy with prazosin plus a diuretic.

Prazosin was administered to 21 diuretic-treated mild hypertensives for intervals of 1 month to 1 year. Three patients dropped out of the study, one from side-effects, one from noncompliance and the third for relocation. At 1, 6, and 12 months of follow-up therapy, blood pressures were reduced by 9--12%. Pulse rate was essentially unchanged. Thus prazosin appears to lower blood pressure for periods up to 1 year with little evidence of tolerance and with no change in heart rate.

Adult↗