Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R O'Neil

Publications and source records attributed to R O'Neil.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Maternal employment and perceptions of young children: Bronfenbrenner et al. revisited.

238 mothers and 116 fathers provided checklist descriptions of their 3-4-year-old's behavior; a smaller sample of parents and teachers also assessed the child's behavior 2 years later. There was no evidence of a key finding from a related study by Bronfenbrenner, Alvarez, and Henderson linking part-time employment with more positive maternal perceptions of sons. Indeed, maternal employment (typically, conditioned by mothers' level of education and child gender) was more strongly associated with fathers' and teachers' perceptions of children than with mothers' perceptions, and, in some cases, especially with fathers' and teachers' perceptions of daughters. Fathers perceived their 5-6-year-old as having more problem behaviors when mothers were currently employed full time; fathers and teachers viewed children's behavior as more problematic when less-educated mothers had been employed during more years of the child's lifetime. Interpreting these and other findings, we emphasize differences between samples and changes in the ecology of family life. This study underscores the notion that socially "relevant" research is likely to be highly responsive to time and social context.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Contributions of a supportive work environment to parents' well-being and orientation to work.

Examined the joint and unique contributions of informal social support in the workplace and formal, family-responsive benefits and policies provided by employers to the job-related attitudes and personal well-being of employed parents with a young child. Eighty married men, 169 married women, and 72 single women with a preschool child completed a survey concerning social support from co-workers and supervisor, utilization of family-responsive benefits and policies, readiness to leave the employer for additional benefits, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, role strain, and health symptoms. Among the findings: (a) Fathers and mothers expressed equal levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, but mothers reported more role strain and health symptoms; (b) nearly 48% of married women's organizational commitment was accounted for by measures of support in the workplace; (c) informal social support at work was significantly more important to men's well-being than that of women; and (d) formal, family-responsive policies appeared more consequential for the prediction of women's role strain, perhaps because of women's greater responsibility for adjusting work life to meet the demands of family roles.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1983

Determining proxy consent.

The paper clarifies the relative merits and proper roles of standards of review in the determination of proxy consent for those unable to make decisions concerning their own medical treatment. The "substituted judgment" standard asks which treatment the incompetent person would choose if competent, while the "best interests" test asks which treatment would benefit the patient. The tests are discussed in relation to the moral principles of autonomy and beneficence which provide their justification. I distinguish six types of cases involving incompetent patients and argue that which standard is appropriate depends on the type of case involved. A "rational choice" standard, which asks "What would the incompetent patient choose if his or her choice were rational?", is proposed as a way of determining best interests.

Beneficence↗
PubMed1976

Influence of vasopressin and amiloride on shunt pathways of frog skin.

Studies were done to determine the influence of vasopressin and amiloride on the sodium backflux of nonedge-damaged frog skin. As before, the bidirectional fluxes of sodium appeared to be limited primarily to the active transport pathways of control skins. When the skins were treated with vasopressin, the sodium backflux was increased selectively (over that of sucrose) and more so than was expected for the active transportpathway alone. In control skins, amiloride had no effect on the flux of the shunt pathway. However, with vasopressin-treated skins, amiloride at 10(-6) M decreased the sodium backflux of the shunt pathway to levels observed previously for the control skins. These observations are compatible with the idea that the shunt pathway may in part be cellular and in part extracellular. When the changes in open-circuit voltage and shunt resistance caused by vasopressin and amiloride (as determined from the I-V relationships) were examined, the data were also found to be compatible with the idea that vasopressin exerted an influence on the shunt pathway of the frog skin, and this effect of vasopressin could be reversed by amiloride.

Amiloride↗