Public health. New AIDS definition.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Biomedical subjects
R Nowak
Publications and source records attributed to R Nowak.
AIDS. Conditional approval touted.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Effect of busulphan treatment and elevated temperature on the expression of the beta-pol gene in rat testis.
Changes in the expression pattern of the DNA polymerase beta gene during inhibition of spermatogenesis by busulphan and by temperature (artificial cryptorchidism) have been studied. Transient arrest of spermatogenesis in two-month-old rats after injection of a single dose of busulphan (10 mg/kg) resulted in parallel but transient decrease in the 1.4 kb of beta-pol mRNA level to an undetectable value, followed by its reappearance after resumption of spermatogenesis. An artificial cryptorchidism also caused a drastic decrease of beta-pol mRNA level. Both results as well as morphological examination of testis after busulphan injection and artificial cryptorchidism revealed that spermatocytes and spermatids represent the testicular cell fraction containing the elevated amount of beta-pol mRNA. Involvement of DNA polymerase beta in meiotic recombination is discussed.
Animals↗
Presence of messenger ribonucleic acid for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor demonstrable in monolayer cell cultures of myometria and leiomyomata.
There is a paucity of data concerning the factors involved in the growth of uterine leiomyomata. The expression of mRNAs encoding EGF and the EGF receptor in myometrial and leiomyoma cultures suggest that EGF may be involved in the autocrine/paracrine regulation of human uterine leiomyomata and myometrial growth.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Development of circadian sleep-wake rhythms in preterm and full-term infants.
We have compared the roles of neurologic maturity and environmental time cues in the development of the entrained circadian sleep-wake rhythm in the preterm and term human infant. The preterm infants (n = 19) spent some time after birth in a hospital nursery with no environmental time cues, whereas the term infants (n = 22) were exposed from birth to a cyclical light and dark environment with one major caregiver. The circadian sleep-wake rhythm in the preterm infants entrained after a similar time of exposure to an environment with daily time cues but at an earlier postconceptional age when compared with the term group. We conclude, therefore, that it is the length of exposure to environmental time cues, rather than neurologic maturity, that determines the entrainment of the circadian rhythm of sleep and wakefulness in the human infant.
Circadian Rhythm↗
[Avulsion injury of spinal nerve roots in part of the lumbosacral spine].
A case of 40 years old male with left sided avulsion injury of L5, S1 nerve roots due to severe trauma. Diagnosis was confirmed with CT and radiculography. The presence of prolapsed sheath of the avulsed root in radiological examination combined with clinical picture establishes correct diagnosis.
Adult↗
[A trial of ultrasonographic use for evaluating leg lengthening].
Modified de Bastiani method of callotasis with Wagner apparatus was used as a lengthening procedure of 4 femurs and 1 tibia. The ultrasonography was applied to measure the degree of distraction, to determine the eventual axial deviation of the bone ends and to follow up the callus formation in the gap. The obtained results were compared with radiography.
Bone Lengthening↗
[Electrostimulation in treatment of scoliosis].
The efficiency of electrical stimulation in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis was assessed on the basis of 95 patients reviewed. In 63% of cases an improvement or inhibition of progression of the curvature was achieved. The infantile and juvenile positive therapeutic effect was found in 70% patients, providing the onset of the therapy took place before the tenth year of life. Adolescent scoliosis were affected by this kind of therapy only to the very little extent.
Adolescent↗
[Danger in cave diving].
A diving accident fatal for two divers, that occurred in the Blautopf-cave near Ulm, FRG, is reported. The circumstances fundamental in precipitating the fatal outcome are discussed. As a consequence accident- or life insurance coverage has become one of the prerequisites to obtain the official permit to dive in this cave.
Adult↗
Mother and sibling discrimination at a distance by three- to seven-day-old lambs.
This study examined some aspects of the developmental phase of social bonding in newborn lambs. In Experiment 1, 3-day-old Merino lambs (singles and twins) were tested in a 2-choice situation for mother discrimination at a distance. In Experiment 2, the ability of twins to discriminate their siblings at a distance was studied 3 and 7 days after birth. When released at 9 m from two postparturient ewes after a latency of 30 s, which allowed the lambs to hear and to see both animals, most lambs chose to run and to stay with their own mothers before the end of the 2-min test (Experiment 1). There was no difference between singles and twins, nor between males and females in their distant discriminative ability. However, twins were initially undecided, slower to reach their mothers, and spent significantly less time with them. When the same testing procedure was used for sibling discrimination, most 3-day-old twins went to a lamb, but the proportion of lambs reaching the sibling first did not differ significantly from random, and the time spent near either lamb was similar (Experiment 2). During these tests, female lambs performed better than males. When tested 7 days after birth, all twins reached a lamb and a high proportion of them chose to go to the sibling first. They also spent most of the time near it. These results demonstrate that mother discrimination from a distance is well established in 3-day-old lambs and sibling discrimination takes longer to develop but has occurred by 7 days of age.
Aging↗
Postnatal development of substance P in the inner ear of the guinea pig.
Appreciable amounts of substance P (SP) were found in guinea pig cochleas. The highest values were found in the postnatal period. Data presented favor the assumption of SP acting as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter in the inner ear.
Age Factors↗
Changes in the DNA polymerase beta gene expression during development of lung, brain, and testis suggest an involvement of the enzyme in DNA recombination.
Changes in the expression pattern of DNA polymerase beta gene during rat lung, brain, and testis development have been investigated. A decrease in the level of beta-pol mRNA was observed during postnatal development of lung and brain. By contrast, an almost 20-fold increase in the level of beta-pol mRNA was observed during spermatogenesis. For most adult rat tissues the abundance of beta-pol mRNA was low compared with that of beta-actin mRNA. Northern blot analysis revealed four distinct transcripts hybridizing to beta-pol probes. At least two of them, 1.4 kb and 4.0 kb, were products of a beta-polymerase gene. The changes in the expression pattern during lung and brain development, and during spermatogenesis, suggest involvement of DNA polymerase beta in gap-filling DNA synthesis during recombination.
Animals↗
Maternal pinealectomy alters the daily pattern of fetal breathing in sheep.
We have investigated the effect of pinealectomy of the pregnant ewe on the 24-h pattern of fetal breathing activity during late gestation. Fetal breathing movements were recorded during 24-h periods on 18 occasions in 5 pinealectomized ewes and on 24 occasions in 6 pineal-intact ewes between 120 and 145 days gestation. All ewes were fed once daily between 1000 and 1300 h and were kept under a light-dark cycle 12:12 h. There was no significant difference in the mean hourly incidence of fetal breathing movements between the pineal-intact (27.2 +/- 0.5 min/h) and pinealectomized (25.5 +/- 0.6 min/h) groups. However, there was a significant difference in the 24-h profiles of fetal breathing movements in the two groups. The peak incidence of fetal breathing occurred between 1900 and 2000 h in the pineal-intact ewes and between 1200 and 1300 h in the pinealectomized ewes. We conclude that maternal pinealectomy alters the daily pattern of a fetal behavioral pattern and that maternal melatonin may therefore provide the fetus with information about time of day.
Animals↗
Presence of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase in the developing inner ear of the guinea pig as revealed by immunohistochemistry.
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Animals↗
Emergence of the diurnal rhythm in plasma melatonin concentrations in newborn lambs delivered to intact or pinealectomized ewes.
We have monitored the 24-h profiles of plasma melatonin concentrations between birth and 10 weeks of age, in lambs which were delivered to, and suckled, either pineal-intact (control group) or pinealectomized (pinealectomized group) ewes. Between 0 and 2 weeks of age, plasma concentrations of melatonin in lambs suckling either intact or pinealectomized ewes were highest at 01.00 h. At this age, however, there was no significant difference in the mean plasma concentrations of melatonin between the entire dark and light phases in lambs in either the control group (dark, 39.7 +/- 6.0 (S.E.M.) pmol/l; light, 39.5 +/- 8.1 pmol/l) or the pinealectomized group (dark, 79.8 +/- 43.3 pmol/l; light, 60.9 +/- 8.7 pmol/l). Between 3 and 4 weeks of age, however, a diurnal rhythm in plasma melatonin concentrations was clearly present in the lambs in both the control and pinealectomized groups (control group: dark, 164.1 +/- 5.6 pmol/l; light 26.2 +/- 2.5 pmol/l; pinealectomized group: dark, 52.7 +/- 8.0 pmol/l; light, 19.1 +/- 5.3 pmol/l; P less than 0.001). Between 3 and 10 weeks of age, plasma concentrations of melatonin in the dark phase were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in the lambs suckling pinealectomized ewes than in the control group. In both the control lambs and lambs suckling pinealectomized ewes, the mean plasma concentrations of melatonin in the dark and light phases increased significantly (P less than 0.05) between 3 and 6 weeks after birth. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that a clear diurnal plasma rhythm in melatonin concentrations does not emerge until 3-4 weeks of age in lambs suckling either pinealectomized or intact ewes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Age Factors↗
[Fatal air embolism following erroneous phlebotomy technique].
An 62 years old patient suffering of polycythemia was treated by phlebotomy. To accelerate the blood flow the collecting apparatus was connected to a pump supplying suction. Of the two pump outlets, providing suction and pressure, the one supplying pressurized air was connected erroneously. Air was insufflated into the arm vein causing cardiac arrest. Reanimation was unsuccessful. The findings are discussed, as well as the difficulties in interpretation.
Bloodletting↗
[Danger of electricity in the bathtub].
A fatal accident, when swimming in a lake, caused by a defective electric main is reported. The medical and technical findings of that accident are discussed as well as the electrophysical prerequisites.
Bathing Beaches↗
Levels and size complexity of DNA polymerase beta mRNA in rat regenerating liver and other organs.
A cDNA probe encoding DNA polymerase beta (beta-pol) was used to study the level and size complexity of beta-pol mRNA in regenerating rat liver and other rat tissues. An almost 2-fold increase in beta-pol mRNA was observed 18-24 h after partial hepatectomy. In most adult rat tissues (liver, heart, kidney, stomach, spleen, thymus, lung and brain) the abundance of beta-pol mRNA was low. In contrast, young brain and testes exhibited beta-pol mRNA levels 5- and 15-times higher, respectively. The observed changes in the level of beta-pol mRNA in regenerating rat liver and in developing brain are correlated with reported changes in DNA polymerase beta activity. Four different (4.0, 2.5, 2.2, 1.4 kb) transcripts hybridizing to beta-pol probe were found in all tissues examined. The 4.0 kb transcript was dominant for young and adult brain, whereas the 1.4 kb transcript was dominant for testes. The significance of these transcripts is discussed.
Animals↗