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Biomedical subjects

R Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to R Nishimura.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on proliferation of canine mast cell tumor.

The inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids (GCs) on proliferation of canine mast cell tumor (MCT) was studied using two types of MCT cells; JuMC cells and LuMC cells derived from spontaneous canine cutaneous and intestinal MCT, respectively. In in vitro study, growth of JuMC cells was significantly inhibited with more than 1 nM GCs and apoptotic-like cell death was seen, while that of LuMC cells was never inhibited even with 10 microM GCs. Growth rate of masses in nude mice developed by inoculation of JuMC cells was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by administration of GC, while growth inhibition of masses developed by inoculation of LuMC cells was minimal with increasing GC doses. Competitive binding studies and Scatchard analysis demonstrated the presence of high-affinity, low capacity GC receptors in both JuMC and LuMC cells. Kd was estimated to be 1.30 nM in JuMC cells and 0.45 nM in LuMC cells, respectively. It is concluded that canine cutaneous MCT cells responded to GCs in vitro and in vivo, whereas intestinal MCT cells did not, though both types of cells had specific GC receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

CT and MR findings of denervated tongue after radical neck dissection.

PURPOSE: To describe the CT and MR findings in the denervated tongue after a radical neck dissection. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the radiologic findings in seven patients who had hypoglossal paralysis following radical neck dissection. None of the patients had clinical or radiologic evidence of tumor recurrence. RESULTS: The side of the tongue operated on showed low density on CT scans. At MR imaging, denervated tongues were clearly seen as hyperintense relative to muscle on T2-weighted images; on T1-weighted images, the signal was hypointense to hyperintense, representing increased extracellular water or fatty degeneration. CONCLUSION: In patients who have undergone a neck dissection for a malignant process, abnormal imaging findings in the tongue not only might indicate a recurrence of tumor involving the hypoglossal nerve but also suggest the possibility of postoperative change. Our findings emphasize the importance of the denervated tongue in differentiating inflammatory from neoplastic diseases of the the tongue.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cardiopulmonary effects of sevoflurane, compared with halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane, in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cardiopulmonary effects of sevoflurane (Sevo), compared with halothane (Hal), enflurane (Enf), and isoflurane (Iso). ANIMALS: 24 healthy Beagles, randomly assigned to 4 groups of 6 dogs each. PROCEDURE: Dogs under spontaneous ventilation were anesthetized with Sevo, Hal, Enf, or Iso. After minimum elveolar concentration (MAC) of each anesthetic was determined, anesthesia was maintained at light (1 MAC), moderate surgical (1.5 MAC), and deep (2 MAC), stages and cardiopulmonary variables at conscious state (baseline) and each anesthesia stage were measured. RESULTS: In dogs of the Sevo group, heart rate increased significantly from the baseline value at all anesthesia stages. Systemic vascular resistance during Sevo anesthesia decreased gradually with increasing anesthesia stage, which was accompanied by dose-dependent decreases in systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures. At 1.5 and 2 MAC Sevo, stroke index decreased slightly but significantly from the baseline value; however, cardiac index was unchanged because of the significant increase in heart rate. Respiratory rate decreased significantly at 2 MAC from that at 1 MAC Sevo. Tidal volume and dead space-to-tidal volume ratio were unchanged at all anesthesia stages of Sevo, resulting in significantly decreased expired and alveolar ventilation at 2 MAC, compared with values at 1 and 1.5 MAC Sevo. PaCO2 increased and pHa decreased significantly, depending on anesthesia stage; PaO2, increased significantly from baseline values, and remained constant because of inhalation of 100% O2. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular effects of Sevo were greater than those of Hal, similar to those of Iso, and less than those of Enf. Respiratory effects of Sevo were similar to those of Iso at all anesthesia stages, greater than those of Hal at 2 MAC, and less than those of Enf at 1.5 and 2 MAC. Up to the moderate surgical anesthesia stage, Sevo can be used safely in dogs undergoing spontaneous ventilation.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed1997

[A familial case of postural reflex disorder presenting high intensity area mainly in the globus pallidus on T1-weighted cerebral MRI without clear liver damage].

A 56-year-old woman was admitted because of chronic postural reflex disorder. A cerebral MRI revealed symmetrical high intensity area mainly in the globus pallidus on T1-weighted image. The symptom became manifested as gait disturbance from the age of 2 and gradually progressed. Her condition has, however, remained stable since the age of 26. The only sign of parkinsonism was akinesia. There was clear retropulsion but cerebellar ataxia was minimal, and dystonia was negligible. She had no dementia. Her parents were cousins and similar symptoms and high intensity area were found in one of her sisters. Routine liver function tests were normal, with only ICG elevated. Serum copper and ceruloplasmin were normal. A hereditary factor was suspected. There are no similar cases reported in the literature, thus we thought it worth reporting.

Female↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical significance of orthostatic blood pressure decline in patients with Binswanger-type infarction].

We analysed the blood pressure change in 40 patients with Binswanger-type infarction after 10 minutes of 90 degrees head-up tilting to clarify the clinical significance of orthostatic blood pressure decline observed in this disease. We investigated the correlation of orthostatic decline in systolic blood pressure to dementia, gait disturbance and nocturnal decrease in 24-hour variation of systolic blood pressure. Orthostatic blood pressure decline in patients with this disease was significantly marked in comparison with that in 50 patients with lacunar infarction, especially in the males. This blood pressure decline was significant in patients with dementia and moderate or severe gait disturbance, compared with those without such symptoms. There was no difference in orthostatic change between patients suffering from this disease with non-dementia and mild or absent gait disturbance and those with only lacunar infarction. Orthostatic blood pressure decline was found to be correlated significantly with the disorder of nocturnal blood pressure decrease. It is suggested that the decline of blood pressure on standing is a parameter indicating the progression of this disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Syringomyelia and hydrocephalus in a dog.

A 7-year-old spayed female Pomeranian with a 6-month history of progressive paraparesis was determined to have syringomyelia accompanied with hydrocephalus. Magnetic resonance imaging clearly revealed severe syringomyelia in the cervical portion of the spinal cord, which was directly connected to the marked dilated fourth ventricle. Acetazolamide was prescribed for 3 weeks, but the neurologic deficits progressed. Laminectomy of the first and second vertebrae, which is one method of treating this type of syringomyelia in human beings, was performed, and then, acetazolamide was continued. The dog had partial amelioration, and further deterioration was not evident in the 12 months after surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Socioeconomic and behavioural risk factors for mortality of individuals with IDDM in Japan: population-based case-control study. Diabetes Epidemiology Research International (DERI) US-Japan Mortality Study Group.

The aim of this population-based, one-to-one matched-pair case-control study was to evaluate the factors concerning the markedly increased risk for dying among Japanese subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) from a social and behavioural perspective. The study was based on the population-based cohort of IDDM subjects in the Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Mortality Study. We studied 90 cases who died and 90 living control subjects, selected from the rest of the cohort, who were matched for sex, birth year, year of diagnosis and duration of diabetes. Socioeconomic and behavioural status were surveyed through a questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression analyses based on 55 respondent pairs revealed that the better educated patients (year of completing education: odds ratio = 0.66) who kept the same physician (number of times a patient changed physician: odds ratio = 2.77) and who attended a clinic specializing in diabetes (attendance at university hospital clinic: odds ratio = 0.18) injecting insulin several times a day (number of injections, odds ratio = 0.31) and more frequently attending the clinic (> or = 12 times per year, odds ratio = 0.23) were at substantially lower risk of death. The results begin to profile the patients with the highest risk of dying who could be identified earlier and undergo intervention treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Lingual carcinoma. Correlation of MR imaging with histopathological findings.

PURPOSE: To determine the utility of MR imaging in the evaluation of lingual carcinomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven patients with lingual carcinoma were evaluated with MR imaging including dynamic study within one week before surgery. Nine patients underwent preoperative chemotherapy or irradiation, and 2 patients had no preoperative treatment. Delineation of the tumor, the contrast between tumor and surrounding tissue, and extent of the tumor were evaluated in a blinded manner. After glossectomy, MR images were correlated with pathological findings. Statistical analysis was performed on the visual assessment ratings. RESULTS: Blinded evaluation suggested that dynamic and T2-weighted images (T2WI) were significantly superior to postcontrast T1WI in demonstrating the lesion. There were no significant differences between dynamic MR images and T2WIs. However, histopathological correlation showed that in patients with preoperative treatment, dynamic MR imaging demonstrated more accurately the size and extent of the residual tumor than did T2WI and postcontrast T1WI, which tended to demonstrate an area of signal abnormality that was more extensive than the true size of the residual lesion. In patients without preoperative treatment, dynamic MR imaging, T2WI, and postcontrast T1WI gave an equivalent depiction of the extent of the carcinoma. CONCLUSION: In patients with no preoperative treatment, dynamic MR imaging does not appear to offer any advantage over T2WI. However, in patients with preoperative treatment, dynamic MR imaging provides a more accurate assessment of the residual tumor than do T2WI and postcontrast T1WI.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Short communication: the value of embolization therapy in painful osseous metastases from hepatocellular carcinomas; comparative study with radiation therapy.

We evaluated the therapeutic effect of transcatheter arterial embolization therapy (TAE) for painful osseous metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in comparison with radiation therapy (RT). TAE using gelatin sponge particles was performed for seven lesions in seven patients. Selective catheterization and embolization were successfully performed in all lesions. Within 10 days after TAE, complete pain relief (CR), partial relief (PR) and no relief (NR) were attained in 57%, 29% and 14%, respectively. RT was used to treat 34 lesions in 22 patients. The dose fractionation schedules were in the range 28.0-50.4 Gy, with 1.8-4.0 Gy per fraction. CR, PR and NR were attained in 47%, 47% and 6%, respectively. There were no serious complications related to these treatments. Both TAE and RT are effective and the treatment of choice should be selected on an individual basis.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Histopathological changes in digits of dairy cows affected with sole ulcers.

Forty-eight digits of 8 dairy cows, which had been diagnosed as sole ulcers in one or two hooves, were examined histopathologically and classified into 5 grades on the basis of the severity of the circulatory disturbances and of keratogenesis. All the cows had significantly higher grades than normal cows. Although hind lateral digits were most severely damaged, there were no significant differences in the grades among claw positions except hind lateral digits. From these results, it is suggested that the cows affected with sole ulcers had some systemic factors predisposing all the digits to digital disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Histopathological findings on ulcerative lesions of carpal and tarsal joints in Japanese black cattle.

In order to determine the pathogenesis of ulcerative lesions of the articular cartilages in Japanese Black cattle, tissue samples of the ulcerative lesion, marginal portion of the ulcer, macroscopically normal portions and synovial membranes were histopathologically examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact microradiography. The results are summarized as follows: (1) In the ulcerative lesions, degeneration and complete destruction of articular cartilage and its replacement with a proliferation of myelogenic connective tissue were observed. (2) In macroscopically normal portions, fissures of the articular surface and changes of the trabecular pattern in subchondral bone were present. (3) In the marginal portions of the ulcerative lesions, evidences of the repair process such as connective tissue growth from subchondral bones and articular cartilages were seen. (4) In synovial membranes, no pathological findings were observed. And (5) among the above mentioned changes, no inflammatory findings were seen. In conclusion, the ulcerative lesions of bovine articular cartilage may be regarded as the early stage of osteochondrosis to osteoarthrosis since the findings such as noninflammatory destruction or degeneration and remodeling of the joints are characteristics of the latter.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Postparturient change in endotoxin levels of ruminal fluid and serum in dairy cows.

The changes in the endotoxin levels of ruminal fluid and serum in postparturient cows were evaluated. Five cows were fed hay and concentrates on an individual basis (farm A) and the other 5 cows were given complete feed ad libitum (farm B) after parturition. Ruminal pH levels decreased in both groups after parturition. Subsequently, the ruminal endotoxin levels increased with the declining pH on both of the farms. The ruminal endotoxin levels were slightly higher in cows of farm B than those of farm A. Serum endotoxin levels also showed episodic fluctuations, however, there were no parallel changes between the endotoxin levels of the ruminal fluid and sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effects of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and its inhibitors on canine osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro.

Cytotoxic effect of progesterone on the neoplastic cells was investigated using POS cells, a cell line established from a spontaneous osteosarcoma in a dog. The 20 alpha-HSD activity of POS cells was 0.85 +/- 0.26 NADPH nmol/min mg protein, demonstrating that a considerable activity was present in this tumor cell. When progesterone was added to the medium and cultured for 48 hr, progesterone dose-dependently inhibited the cell growth, showing that progesterone was cytotoxic on this osteosarcoma cells in vitro. In order to assure the role of 20 alpha-HSD on the cell growth, various concentrations of four types of steroid derivatives, STZ 20, 23, 25, and 26, potent inhibitors of 20 alpha-HSD, were added to the medium with 0.1 microM progesterone. Then, the POS cell growth was more strongly inhibited, which may suggest that the cytotoxicity of progesterone was enhanced by inactivation of 20 alpha-HSD by STZs. From these results, POS osteosarcoma cells have 20 alpha-HSD, which might play an important role in tumor cell growth against the cell toxicity of progesterone.

20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1996

Prognosis of malignant mammary tumor in 53 cats.

Medical records of fifty-three cats diagnosed as malignant mammary tumor from 1982 to 1993 were reviewed. The mean age of the cats at diagnosis was 11.1 years, and Japanese domestic and Siamese breeds were predominant. Survival rates after 1 and 2 years of diagnosis were 31.8% and 17.7%, respectively, suggesting poor prognosis of this malignancy. The survival time was significantly associated with tumor size or WHO clinical stage, but not with breed, age, or gender. Twenty-nine cats with pulmonary metastasis died within 5 months following metastatic detection. Postoperative prognosis was significantly related to the tumor size at surgery, but not with type of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide and/or vincristine.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A major improvement in the prognosis of individuals with IDDM in the past 30 years in Japan. The Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the time trends of mortality among individuals with IDDM in Japan. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A historical prospective study of two independent population-based cohorts composed of individuals who were diagnosed between 1965 and 1969 (1960s cohort) and between 1975 and 1979 (1970s cohort), which included 286 IDDM patients (onset age < 18 years) for the 1960s cohort and 779 patients for the 1970s cohort, was performed. After 10 years of observation, mortality status and causes of deaths between the two cohorts were compared. RESULTS: The age-adjusted mortality rate per 100,000 person-years of the 1960s cohort was 754 (95% CI, 471-1,141); in contrast, that of the 1970s cohort was only 196 (95% CI, 107-329) (P < 0.001). The standardized mortality ratio of the 1960s cohort was 1,432 (95% CI, 898-2,161), and that of the 1970s cohort was 489 (95% CI, 267-821). Analyses of the causes of deaths revealed a marked decline in recent years in the number of deaths by acute complications and renal disease. CONCLUSIONS: A major decline in the mortality of diabetic children in Japan may be attributed to the dramatic changes in the quality of care and medical infrastructure that occurred after the mid-1970s.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Ectopic production of HCG beta by bladder carcinoma in vitro and in vivo].

BACKGROUND: Ectopic production of immunoreactive hCG/hCG beta (IR-hCG beta) by bladder tansitional cell carcinoma cell lines was investigated in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: As an in vitro study, IR-hCG beta in culture media from 2 bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell lines (KoTCC-1 and HT-1197) was analyzed by three kinds of enzyme immunoassays (EIA) which were specific for intact hCG, free hCG beta and beta-core fragment (beta-CF). As an in vivo study, distribution of IR-hCG beta was analyzed in tumor tissues, sera, and urine of the nude mice and the nude rat transplanted with KoTCC-1 cell line. RESULTS: Both of the cell lines were determined to secrete IR-hCG beta into the media, which consisted principally of free hCG beta. Intact hCG and beta-CF were scarecely detected in the media. Immunohistochemical study revealed the localization of IR-hCG beta in transitional cell carcinoma cells of the transplanted tumor. Although a large amount of IR-hCG beta could be detected in both of the serum and urine from the animals, there were quantitative and qualitative differences between serum and urinary IR-hCG beta. Quantitatively, the concentrations of IR-hCG beta in the urine were consistently much higher than those in the serum. Qualitatively, free hCG beta was exclusively detected in the serum whereas a large amount of beta-CF, in addition to free hCG beta, were found in the urine. Intact hCG could not be detected in both serum and urine. These distributions of IR-hCG beta in the animals bearing tumors were completely analogous to those in patients with bladder carcinoma. CONCLUSION: The present results suggested that ectopic production of IR-hCG beta by bladder carcinoma is not rare phenomenon and it is clinically useful as a tumor marker when beta-CF is measured in the urine.

Animals↗