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R Nilius

Publications and source records attributed to R Nilius.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Effects of prostaglandins on toxic and inflammatory liver diseases. A short review].

This short review deals with actions of prostaglandins (PG) and leukotrienes (LT) in liver injury. According to experimental data PGs of the E- and I-series seem to play an important role as metabolic, cytoprotective, antifibrogenic, immunomodulating and hemodynamic regulatory factors having interest in human pathology. In human cirrhosis with portal hypertension elevated PGI levels promote the formation of a collateral circulation. Some studies suggest that renal PGs could be involved in the regulation of renal hemodynamics in cirrhosis and have probably pathogenetic value in the development of the hepatorenal syndrome. LTs act as mediators of inflammatory liver reactions. Conclusively, one can predict that eicosanoid research will lead to some progress in clinical hepatology.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Prostacyclin and thromboxane synthesis in liver tissue in chronic liver diseases].

This paper reports on investigations of the formation of PGI2 and TXA2 using their stabile products 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 (RIA) in liver biopsy specimens of 46 patients suffering from fatty liver (n = 19), chronic hepatitis B (n = 11), liver cirrhosis (n = 13), and miscellaneous diseases (n = 3). The measured formation rates in chronic liver disease were evaluated in comparison to a reference group (n = 19) consisting of minimal liver lesions. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha formation correlating to the degree of the portal inflammation in the liver (morphometric evaluation). The same trend existed in relation to the intralobular inflammation. The results presented suggest in respect of analogous data in animal experiments that PGI2 is predominantly generated in mesenchymal cells of the liver and, presumably influences the course of liver diseases.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1989

[Therapy strategy in bleeding esophageal varices].

In the therapeutic regimen in the haemorrhage of the oesophageal varices the sclerotherapy part from measures for the combat against shock and prophylaxis of the liver coma occupies a central position both for control of haemorrhage and for avoiding recidivations of haemorrhages. Advantages of the method are the relatively good efficacy, the small rate of serious complications and a relatively good practicability. Furthermore, liver function, portal circulation and course of the in most cases underlying liver cirrhosis are not negatively influenced. On the basis of the hiherto got experiences the value of the prophylactic sclerosation of oesophageal varices before a bleeding cannot yet be reliably assessed.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1989

[Vitamin A and the liver--current knowledge].

A short survey of metabolism and effects of vitamin A as well as of the role of Ito cells is presented. The Ito cells of the liver represent a special form of fibroblasts, about 80% of the vitamin A (VA) content of the normal liver is stored in these cells. Following to the absorption of VA in the intestine, VA (retinol) is transported in chylomicrons and their remnants, and taken up by hepatocytes through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Along with retinolbinding protein VA is transported from the hepatocytes to the Ito cells where is is being stored as lipid droplets. The VA content of the liver tissue in chronic, especially alcoholic liver disease is distinctly lowered. The VA deficiency of the chronic alcoholic liver disease is caused by an accelerated microsomal metabolism of VA. Furthermore, investigations elucidating the therapy of VA-deficiency in liver diseases are explained.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Thromboembolism risk factors in kidney transplant patients with secondary erythrocytosis in relation to hemorheologic aspects].

In patients undergoing dialysis and patients who underwent a transplantation of a kidney cardiovascular risk factors increase the lethality to 50%. A secondary polyglobulia (Pg) after transplantation enhances the risks of thromboembolism. In 180 patients who underwent a transplantation we saw in 11% a polyglobulia with 50% of thromboembolic complications. For the study of the secondary polyglobulia and other risk factors haemorheologic investigations were carried out on 20 patients who underwent a transplantation with Pg, 10 patients who underwent a transplantation without Pg and 19 healthy test persons. In patients with secondary polyglobulia we found a slightly increased plasma viscosity and an increase of the aggregation of the erythrocytes without decrease of their deformability. A decreased deformability of the erythrocytes in patients who underwent a transplantation with Pg and diabetes results in an additional risk, as was casuistically observed on a patient with 2 amputations of the legs and 2 myocardial infarctions. Our findings confirm the correctness of the isovolaemic haemodilution for the avoidance of additional cardiovascular complications in patients who underwent a transplantation of a kidney with polyglobulia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Immunoglobulin allotypes and immunoreactivity in chronic liver disease.

The immunoglobulin allotypes Gm (a; x; f) and Km 1 have been estimated in 194 patients with chronic liver disease, and compared with the frequency distribution of a representative reference group (Gm : n = 2171; Km : n = 2179). In relation to the Gm phenotypes we have investigated the cell-mediated immunoreactivity by the E rosette test, lymphocyte transformation test and migration inhibition test. Virus-induced chronic liver disease showed significantly higher prevalence of the phenotypes Gm a+x-f+ and Gm a+x+f+ as well as of the marker Km + 1 (p less than or equal to 5%; chi 2-test). In auto-immune chronic liver disease we observed a decrease in the phenotype Gm a+x-f+ while the factor Km + 1 was significantly multiplied. Patients with cryptogenic and alcoholic hepatopathy showed no differences in comparison with the reference group. In the progressive forms of the chronic liver disease (chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis) Gm a+x+f+ was significantly more frequent. The investigations concerning cell-mediated immunity in different Gm allotypes generally showed a trend to increased reactivity in Gm a+x+ in comparison with Gm a-x- in non-alcoholic liver disease. It is possible to presume different genetic and immunologic situations in the various liver diseases as endogenous factors promoting the disease.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Adenosine deaminase activity--an indicator of inflammation in liver disease].

Inflammatory liver diseases display higher levels in serum ADA activity compared to non-inflammatory ones. The most pronounced increases in activity are found in acute virus-induced hepatitis, in active liver cirrhoses, extremely high levels in some liver tumours. Due to correlative relations, the ADA is mainly attributed to the mesenchymal parameters by factor analysis. This can be validated by assessment of histological criteria. The highest correlation coefficient could be demonstrated for ADA in relation to all parameters under investigation by means of the semi-quantitatively evaluated mesenchymal reaction within the histological section. The determination of the serum ADA is valuable in assessing the inflammatory reaction of the liver and for diagnosing active cirrhosis in particular. Increases in activity based on an elevated nucleic acid metabolism in tumours and regenerative processes have to be taken into consideration. This interpretation is evidenced by correlative relations between the activity of ADA in liver biopsy homogenate specimen and the hepatic inflammatory reaction.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1986

[Genetic studies in etiologically different chronic liver diseases].

In 198 patients with chronic liver diseases of different etiology 16 genetic feature systems were investigated (blood groups, erythrocytic enzymes, immunoglobulin allotypes, proteins). In comparison to a representative normal population significant differences of the frequency of the distribution of phenotypes of various systems were found. In these cases is remarkable that association between genetic markers and hepatopathies were above all proved in their classification according to etiopathogenetic criteria. We evaluate our findings as a reference to the importance of genetic factors in the development of chronic liver diseases.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1986

[Rational procedures in the differential diagnosis of jaundice].

In jaundice after exclusions of prehepatic and functional hepatogenic hyperbilirubinaemias the sonography should pre-eminently be used as a riskless, economical and qualified investigation method, taking into consideration clinical and laboratory-chemical data. If sonographically the findings of an intrahepatic cholostatis are shown, in therapeutic relevance the histological clarification must follow. Only in unequivocal focal changes of the liver (perhaps thin needle puncture) further investigations are unnecessary. If there are findings of an extrahepatic cholostasis, in a not unequivocal sonographic result or before a surgical intervention further aimed investigations, such as ERCP, PTC and CT, are necessary for the exact clarification of the cause of the obstruction of the bile ducts.

Bile Duct Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Haptoglobin type and liver disease.

The haptoglobin phenotype has been estimated in patients suffering from chronic liver disease (n = 222) and acute hepatitis (n = 59) in comparison with the haptoglobin pattern of a normal population (n = 1726). The frequency of Hp 1-1 was significantly increased in non-alcoholic chronic liver disease (p = 5%; chi 2-test) in contrast to alcoholic disease. The highest incidence of Hp 1-1 occurred in cryptogenic cases (p = 1%). The follow-up of patients suffering from acute hepatitis failed to indicate any relationship between the haptoglobin phenotype and the course of hepatitis. The results suggest that Hp 1-1 is a genetic marker of special kinds of chronic liver diseases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Comparative in vitro studies of cell-mediated immunity in chronic liver diseases].

Reactions of cell-mediated immunity are investigated in 32 healthy controls and 134 patients with chronic liver diseases (E-rosette-forming cells, lymphocyte transformation test, leucocyte migration inhibition test using the T-cell-mitogens Phytohaemagglutinin and Concanavalin A). The number of E-rosette-forming cells is significantly decreased in chronic active hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The 3H-thymidine uptake in the lymphocyte transformation test by use of PHA and Con A is markedly reduced especially in active and progressed liver diseases. PHA caused a significant higher inhibition of leucocyte migration in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis than in healthy controls. A dependency between the results of the two tests is not detectable (Chi 2-test). We found in individual cases of groups with liver diseases serum inhibition factors by MIT, but not correlations with other immunological or clinical-chemical parameters. The pathogenetical value of the used methods in cases with chronic liver diseases is questionable.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMed1986

[Results of ultrasound tomography in the diagnosis of liver diseases].

In a prospective study the impact of ultrasound tomography in the recognition and exclusion, respectively, of liver diseases was investigated. 646 patients with a suspected liver disease were sonographed in real-time procedure. The investigator was familiar with the history as well as with clinical and lab findings before the examination was started. The sonography was performed before a laparoscopy, liver blind punktion, scintigraphy, angiography, computerized tomography. The diagnoses were confirmed by sufficient, comparable methods (see above) or operatively; they were supported by a follow-up for one year. While liver cysts, cystic livers, liver abscesses, haematomas, metastases (with a diameter of more than 10-20 mm), stasis liver, cirrhoses with portal hypertension and fatty livers could be diagnosed with a high rate of confidence by sonography, healthy livers and the following disorders could not exactly be separated by ultrasound: acute hepatitis, reactive hepatitis hepatoses, chronically persisting hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, and livers with a low incorporation of fat.

Fatty Liver↗
PubMed1986

[Changes in phagocytic performance of neutrophilic granulocytes in chronic liver diseases of various etiologies].

The phagocytic functions and the nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT)-reduction of heat inactivated Saccharomyces cerevisiae blastospores by polymorphnuclear leukocytes in 92 patients with chronic liver diseases and 21 normal human subjects was investigated. The percentage of phagocytizing leukocytes and the number of phagocytized yeast particles/100 leukocytes was only significantly reduced in active alcoholic cirrhosis. A relationship between this findings and highly enhanced sIgA levels of this group is discussed. The NBT-reduction is impaired in all groups with liver disease, the decrease is significant in chronic persistent hepatitis and all groups with alcoholic etiology. The detection of a positive correlation to unspecific stimulation of lymphocytes by PHA and negative correlation to leukocyte migration inhibition by PHA suggested the implication of reactions of cell mediated immunity in NBT-reaction. No relations between phagocytosis, NBT-reaction and autologous serum factors was estimated.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMed1985

[Thyrostatic therapy in patients with liver cirrhosis].

The thyreostatic therapy of a hyperthyroidism in coincident chronic hepatopathy is problematic. On the one hand, this therapy may be an additional load, particularly by the development of a cholestasis for the ill liver. On the other hand, due to the hyperthyroidism disturbance of the liver function and liver diseases up to cholestatic hepatitis may develop. At the instance of two patients with liver cirrhosis, whose simultaneous hyperthyroidism was treated thyreostatically, the therapeutic problems are represented. On the basis of the treatment of a not small number of patients with this constellation of findings we recommend the use of Thiamazol as therapy of choice in the at present, usual lower initial dosage. If functional disturbances of the liver and other side effects appear under this therapy, the radio-iodine therapy offers itself as alternative.

Adult↗