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Biomedical subjects

R Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to R Nelson.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

A microscopic comparison of fresh and burned bone.

Examination of the microstructure of human bone is useful in estimating age at death in forensic science cases. This technique has been tested and is well accepted, however samples of burned bone may complicate analysis because of possible changes in the microstructure occurring during the burning process. In a comparison of fresh and burned ground thin sections taken from midshaft femorae of eight dissecting-room cadavers of known age and sex, this study finds significant shrinkage of microstructural elements through the burning process. These results are compared to previous work on the subject, which found the microstructural elements to increase through the burning process.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1992

More ethical CME.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1991

Cystic fibrosis: what do patients know, and what else would they like to know?

As the survival of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) improves, it becomes increasingly important to address such issues as employment, reproduction, and quality of life in adulthood. In this study, 22 patients and 20 parents completed a questionnaire about the natural history, treatment and genetics of cystic fibrosis. Patients and parents knew as much as each other about the natural history of cystic fibrosis. Patients under 13 knew significantly less about the genetics and treatment. All found probability questions about heredity difficult. All the patients indicated that they would like further information on the future and how they would cope, through CF literature, organized patient groups and, in adolescence, would prefer to obtain information from medical staff rather than parents. Patients had received considerable information about the disease and its treatment from parents and clinical staff, but few had discussed the day to day problems of living with cystic fibrosis. This study has identified specific areas of ignorance in patients with cystic fibrosis, areas that need addressing in view of the improved survival associated with this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Smokeless tobacco: current status and future directions.

Smokeless tobacco is addicting, can cause physical dependence, and is associated with many health risks. In spite of these concerns over its use, minimal research has been conducted to understand the effects from and factors associated with smokeless tobacco use. Additionally, relatively few studies have examined potentially effective treatments for the smokeless tobacco user. This paper reviews the existing literature in this area and considers future directions for research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Association of less common cystic fibrosis mutations with a mild phenotype.

A majority of cystic fibrosis (CF) genes (70 to 75%) share a single mutation, but the remaining 25 to 30% of defects are accounted for by more than 20 different mutations. One of the less frequent mutations, G551D, has been identified in the CF genes of two sibs and one unrelated adult patient. The adult patient also has a second rare mutation, delta I507. All three subjects exhibit a less severe phenotype than that normally associated with CF. This supports a hypothesis that the common mutation (delta F508) is responsible for the severe form of the disorder, and the minority of patients with a milder form tend to have mutations at other sites in the CF gene.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Antigenic homology among gram-negative organisms isolated from cattle with clinical mastitis.

This study examined the degree of serologic homology among mastitis pathogens. Antibodies were raised against the Rc mutant, Escherichia coli O111:B4 (strain J5) and affinity purified against lipopolysaccharide derived from the Ra mutant, Salmonella typhimurium TV119. These antibodies reacted with a battery of unrelated Gram-negative bacteria in whole cell ELISA. Bacteria with strong cross-reactions included a heterologous, smooth E. coli, Salmonella dublin, S. typhimurium, Salmonella newport, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Recognition of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bordetella bronchisepticum was observed, but reactions were weaker than with the other isolates. The reduced recognition of these isolates probably reflects a masking effect of the bacterial capsule and variations in lipopolysaccharide structure. The polyclonal antibody did not recognize a Gram-positive isolate, Staphylococcus aureus. These immunoglobulins were then tested using whole cell ELISA against a panel of bacteria recovered from the mammary glands of cattle with clinical mastitis. Marked reactivity was noted against a variety of Gram-negative pathogens. Gram-positive isolates had lower recognition by Gram-negative core antigen specific immunoglobulin. The results suggest immunization with rough mutant bacteria may have broad application in the prevention of coliform mastitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Family and peer issues among adolescents with spina bifida and cerebral palsy.

Increasingly, children with disabling conditions are surviving through childhood into adolescence and beyond. This places increased importance on understanding adolescent, family, and peer relationships, which are critical to healthy development among adolescents in general and to transitions to successful adulthood among youths with physical disabilities in particular. The purpose of this study was to identify the patterns of family and peer interactions. One hundred two youths with spina bifida and 60 adolescents with cerebral palsy between the ages of 12 and 22 completed written psychological measures as well as an in-depth structured interview. Approximately 90% of youths with spina bifida and cerebral palsy resided at home, of whom 80.4% and 72% lived with both parents. Almost without exception, parental relationships were defined as positive, with no difference of attitude noted toward the mother and father. Relationships with parents for teenagers with spina bifida were marked by high levels of dependence on parents for personal care such as bowel programs and, for both groups, low levels of responsibility at home and lack of discussion with parents about sexuality or menstruation. Although friends were viewed as very important by most respondents (approximately 83%), relationships were characterized by extremely limited out-of-school contacts, negligible participation with organized social activities, and a primary orientation toward sedentary activities. Finally, regarding heterosexual relationships, whereas 44.1% of respondents with spina bifida and 54.2% of respondents with cerebral palsy said their friends dated, only 14.7% and 28.3% of study participants indicated that they had ever been on a date and, even for those teenagers, heterosexual social contacts were infrequent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The Second Canadian Conference on Multiple Sclerosis.

The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the planning and i interpretation of clinical therapeutic trials were the subjects of a symposium on MS held on June 13, 1989. Several speakers addressed whether MS is a genetic or an environmental disease. An environmental trigger would resolve the relatively low penetrance of the disease in susceptible individuals, although the alternative hypothesis that MS is a multigenic disease would also account for this observation. Clinical trials have to date failed to confirm the efficacy of any immunosuppressive or other agent in the management of progressive MS. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appears to be highly sensitive for monitoring the activity of MS. Preliminary evidence suggests that MRI activity correlates with longitudinal clinical assessments of disability. Immunologic tests, while valuable in determining pathophysiology of MS, have not been strongly correlated with clinical outcome.

Humans↗