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Biomedical subjects

R Nakamura

Publications and source records attributed to R Nakamura.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[A prospective study of access to medical services following a community-based screening program].

Participants in a multiphasic screening program, 454 men and 767 women, were followed up for a period of several months (117 days on the average) in order to evaluate their needs for medical services after screening. Five hundred sixty-two (47.1%) visited outpatient clinics in the study area; 185 as continuing visits for existing diseases (prevalent), 167 because of symptoms which developed after the screening (clinical), and 65 for further investigations of abnormal findings from the screening (screened). The ratio of prevalent to incident (= clinical + screened) cases, which is related to the duration of clinical phase, was the highest in hypertensive, thyroid, ophthalmologic disorders. This indicates that health services for prevalent cases of those diseases are needed in addition to primary and secondary preventive efforts. The proportion of screened cases in the incident cases, which reflects the ability of the screening program to detect diseases in the preclinical phase, was the highest for anemia, disorders of lipid metabolism, and hypertensive disorders. The smaller proportions in dermatologic, urologic and orthopedic disorders indicate that preventive methods for these disorders should be considered in the future. In conclusion, monitoring of screening participants by prospective follow-up and analysis by two measures proposed in this study seem promising for continuing evaluation of the effectiveness of an on-going screening program. A network system of hospitals and physicians' offices should be developed, by which the information on the visits to outpatient clinics after screening is collected and analyzed periodically for monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The role of endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) in blunt abdominal trauma.

The diagnosis of pancreatic injury is often difficult because it lies retroperitoneally in a protected area. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of blunt pancreatic trauma can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic Retrograde Pancreatography (ERP) is infrequently used in the diagnosis of pancreatic injury. We reviewed our experience with the use of ERP in patients with blunt pancreatic injury. Two stable patients with traumatic pancreatitis underwent ERP shortly after injury. CT scans revealed a transverse fracture of the distal pancrease in one and fluid accumulation in the other around the pancreas extending to the right kidney and left hepatic lobe. The absence of ductal disruption on ERP allowed nonoperative management of the pancreatitis. Resolution was documented by the absence of symptoms on regular oral intake, normal serum amylase levels, and normal follow-up CT scans. A third patient with persistent fistulae three months postinjury underwent preoperative ERP revealing ductal obstruction. This facilitated the planning of a distal pancreatectomy and subsequently the fistulae healed. A fourth patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy on the basis of clinical and CT scan findings that could have been circumvented with preoperative ERP. ERP in selected patients allows nonoperative treatment in the absence of ductal injury or earlier operative treatment of ductal injury. It also aids the treatment of late complications by delineating ductal anatomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Familial history of cancer and dietary pattern, serum cholesterol, serum protein and blood hemoglobin].

The relationships between the history of cancer in parents and the dietary pattern, serum cholesterol, serum protein and blood hemoglobin were examined to assess the possible role of lifestyle transmission in the familial aggregation of cancer. Individuals with history of cancer in parents were selected from a population of 1,221 individuals. Five age- and sex-matched controls for each case were selected from individuals, the parents of whom were alive at the age of the case parent. Intake of miso soup, pickles and milk product showed associations with the history of cancer in parents. It was also found that serum cholesterol was significantly lower in individuals with history of cancer other than stomach in the mother. Interestingly, serum protein, especially the globulin fraction, was found to be significantly lower among individuals with the history of cancer in parents. These findings suggest that lifestyle transmission might play some role in the familial aggregation of cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Nocturnal hypoxia and treatment in the patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy].

Overnight monitoring using pulse oximeter was performed on 10 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (mean age, 22; mean %FVC, 26.6%; mean PaCO2, 54.1 Torr; mean PaO2 76.6 Torr). At the same time, spinal deformity and obesity were examined. In 4 patients, the measurement of the chest and abdominal wall movements were performed by using a respisomnograph. In 5 patients, nocturnal desaturation below 95% occurred despite normal daylight blood gas tension. In the other 5 patients with hypercapnea of over 50 Torr, nocturnal desaturation below 85% occurred, and 3 patients required oxygen supplementation treatment using a low concentration of oxygen. In 4 patients with hypercapnea over 50 Torr, cuirass-assisted respirators were used and they prevented mild nocturnal desaturation, but did not have much effect on severe nocturnal desaturation. Nocturnal desaturation was associated not only with hypopnea and hypoventilation, but with normal chest and abdominal wall movement using cuirass-assisted respirators. It seemed that desaturation with normal respiratory pattern can be attributed to ventilation-perfusion mismatching. The severity of the desaturation did not always correlate to the spinal deformity and the obesity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[MRI findings in a patient with multiple sclerosis and "hyperkinésies voltionnelles" as a main symptom].

A 23-year-old female was admitted to our hospital complaining of tremor in the upper extremities and gait disturbance. Beginning at age 18, this patient experienced tingling of the right fingers, gait disturbance, dysesthesia of both hands, and tremor in the upper extremities. These symptoms disappeared several weeks after each onset. At age 21, gait disturbance and coarse tremor in the upper extremities developed. They were exaggerated and occurred repeatedly. On neurological examination, the right optic disc was slightly pale. She had nystagmus in all directions with ocular movements. Deep tendon reflexes were hypoactive throughout. There was no tremor in the upper extremities at rest, but during the voluntary movements especially in maintaining certain posture coarse tremor developed. When performing goal-directed motion, such as finger-nose test, the tremor became worse near the terminal position. The patient's gait was broad-based, with the trunk trembling. There were no sensory disturbances, dysarthria, or bowel or bladder dysfunction. Laboratory studies were normal except for high IgG% in the cerebrospinal fluid. An electromyogram using surface electrodes recorded rhythmic bursts of about 4c/s, alternating between the extensor and the flexor muscles of the right arm. MRI of T2-weighted images showed many high-intensity areas located around the bilateral ventricles and near the area of the decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle. A diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was made in this case based on the patient's history of illness and MRI findings. The tremor in her right upper extremity was too intense and coarse to be described as tremor, and should better be called "hyperkinésies volitionnelles (HV)".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) concentration in prostatic tissue of rats and in prostatic cancer patients after oral administration of 5-FU].

5-FU has been widely used in the treatment of urogenital cancers. The concentration of orally administered 5-FU was investigated in both the serum and prostate of rats and prostatic cancer patients. In the experimental studies rats were divided into two groups. In rats in group 1 (single administration group), after oral administration of 20 mg/kg/day 5-FU, the 5-FU concentration in serum was 0 at 0 min., 0.916 +/- 0.694 at 10 min., 2.000 +/- 1.159 at 20 min., 1.029 +/- 0.570 at 30 min., 0.119 +/- 0.033 at 60 min., 0.020 +/- 0.020 at 2 hr., 0 at 4 hr. and 0 micrograms/ml at 24 hr.; the 5-FU concentration in prostatic tissue as 0 at 0 min., 0.324 +/- 0.190 at 10 min., 0.843 +/- 0.544 at 20 min., 0.469 +/- 0.252 at 30 min., 0.132 +/- 0.027 at 60 min., 0.094 +/- 0.024 at 2 hr., 0.057 +/- 0.020 at 4 hr. and 0 micrograms/g at 24 hr. In rats in group 2 (daily administration group), 20 mg/kg/day 5-FU was orally administered for seven days. On the seventh day, the 5-FU concentration in serum was 0 at 0 min., 1.877 +/- 0.957 at 10 min., 4.091 +/- 2.184 at 20 min., 1.692 +/- 1.033 at 30 min., 0.345 +/- 0.084 at 60 min., 0.036 +/- 0.019 at 2 hr., 0.005 +/- 0.011 at 4 hr. and 0 micrograms/ml at 24 hr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Cleavage action of a trypsin-like protease from Bacteroides gingivalis 381 on reduced egg-white lysozyme.

Soluble reduced lysozyme was extensively digested by a trypsin-like protease purified from the culture supernatant of the bacterium. The digestion peptides were separated and purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and were subjected to amino acid analysis. The fragments were identified by their amino acid composition, and the cleavage sites in the lysozyme chain were determined. Like mammalian trypsin, the enzyme from B. gingivalis split peptide bonds non-specifically at carboxyl sides of internal arginine and lysine residues, but the lysine present at the amino terminus of the lysozyme chain was not released. In addition, the enzyme cleaved the peptide linkage at the amino side of lysine and bonds between leucine-glycine, alanine-leucine and leucine-serine. Thus the trypsin-like protease from B. gingivalis has some cleavage actions on lysozyme different from those of mammalian trypsin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Inhibitory effect of pancreastatin on pancreatic exocrine secretion in the conscious rat.

The effect of newly discovered pancreastatin on pancreatic secretion stimulated by a diversion of bile-pancreatic juice (BPJ) from the intestine was examined in the conscious rat. Exogenous pancreastatin infusion (20, 100 and 200 pmol/kg.h) inhibited pancreatic protein and fluid outputs during BPJ diversion in a dose-dependent manner. Pancreastatin did not affect plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations. Pancreastatin (100 pmol/kg.h) inhibited CCK-stimulated pancreatic secretion, but did not inhibit secretin-stimulated pancreatic secretion. Pancreastatin alone, however, did not affect basal pancreatic secretion. In contrast, pancreastatin (10(-10)-10(-7)M) did not suppress CCK-stimulated amylase release from isolated rat pancreatic acini. These results indicate that pancreastatin has an inhibitory action on exocrine function of the pancreas. This action may not be mediated by direct mechanisms and nor via an inhibition of CCK release. It is suggested that pancreastatin may play a role in the regulation of the intestinal phase of exocrine pancreatic secretion.

Amylases↗
PubMed1989

Three-dimensional CT imaging for wrist disorders.

Three-dimensional CT imaging of the wrist was performed in 20 patients: three with Kienböck's disease, 14 with fractures or dislocations of the carpal bones, two with dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint and one with an intra-articular fracture of distal radius. These images were compared with those of plain radiographs and computed tomography. With the exception of two cases of distal radio-ulnar joint dislocation and one case of hamate body fracture, three-dimensional CT imaging was helpful in detecting the displacement of the fracture and in determining the location and the direction of the displaced carpal bone. Furthermore, the presence of small fragments could be observed more easily in the three-dimensional CT image. Three-dimensional CT imaging provides a great deal of information that cannot be obtained by conventional radiographs or CT images even at their present stage of technical development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effects of trypsin inhibitor (camostate) on pancreas and CCK release in young and old female rats.

Differences in pancreatic responses and CCK release to intragastric administration of a synthetic protease inhibitor (camostate) were examined in young (6-mo) and old (26-mo) female rats. When rats were sacrificed 1 hour after camostate administration (100 mg/kg), plasma CCK concentration significantly increased in both age groups and was significantly higher in young rats than in the old. Acute pancreatic responses to camostate were attenuated in old rats, compared with the young. On the other hand, 5-day administration of camostate (100 mg/kg, twice a day) increased pancreatic wet weight, chymotrypsin concentration and content in pancreas in both age groups, whereas lipase content did not increase in old rats although it significantly increased in young rats. Plasma CCK concentrations were not significantly different between young and old rats. It is concluded that the acute response of CCK release to camostate is attenuated in old rats, but the capability of chronic pancreatic adaptation of chymotrypsin content to camostate is well maintained in old rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Chemical deglycosylation of hen ovomucoid: protective effect of carbohydrate moiety on tryptic hydrolysis and heat denaturation.

Hen ovomucoid was chemically deglycosylated by treatment with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid at 0 degrees C for 60 min. About 75 mol% of the carbohydrate moiety was removed from the glycoprotein without changing its amino acid composition, and its trypsin inhibitory activity and immunoreactivity with specific antibodies remained unchanged. The deglycosylated ovomucoid was inactivated and degraded easily by an excess amount of trypsin, whereas the native glycoprotein was not. Furthermore, the biological and immunological activities of the deglycosylated ovomucoid were lowered by heat treatment more easily than those of the native ovomucoid. These results suggest that the carbohydrate moiety of ovomucoid contributes to the stability of the ovomucoid molecule against tryptic hydrolysis and heat denaturation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Stimulatory effect of monitor peptide and human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor on pancreatic secretion and cholecystokinin release in conscious rats.

The stimulatory effects of monitor peptide (MP) that was recently purified from rat bile-pancreatic juice on cholecystokinin (CCK) release and pancreatic exocrine secretions were examined in the conscious rat. As the sequence of MP has some homology with human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (hPSTI), the effects of these two materials were compared with each other. Rats were prepared with external bile and pancreatic fistulae. Pancreatic juice diversion significantly increased pancreatic secretions, but the intraduodenal injection of MP (0.9 micrograms per rat) could further increase pancreatic secretions. The MP injection produced significantly higher plasma CCK concentrations than the injection of isotonic saline solution did. Trasylol was infused simultaneously with pancreatic juice diversion to completely eliminate residual luminal protease activities. The MP (0.9 micrograms per rat) still showed the stimulatory effect, but hPSTI did not show any stimulatory effect on pancreatic secretion. Plasma CCK concentrations produced by MP were significantly higher than those produced by hPSTI. It was concluded that MP has a strong species specificity and that MP could stimulate CCK release and pancreatic exocrine secretions, not only via inhibiting luminal protease activities but also probably with a direct effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Immunological characteristics of the glycolipid antigen of Leptospira interrogans serovar lai.

The protective antigen (PAg), a glycolipid substance, was extracted from Leptospira interrogans serovar lai strain 017 with a chloroform-methanol-water (1:2:0.8 [vol/vol/vol]) solution and partially purified by silica gel column chromatography. The PAg was not detected by Coomassie brilliant blue staining in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis but was observed as a smearlike band, which corresponded to a 24- to 30-kilodalton standard protein, by silver staining. The outer envelope (OE) fraction showed the same band, suggesting that the PAg was one of the chemical components of the OE. The immunogenicity and protective activity of the PAg were compared with those of the OE. The PAg as well as the OE and whole cells was able to induce agglutinating antibody against L. interrogans. Furthermore, the immune sera exhibited opsonic activity against L. interrogans, as observed by measurement of chemical luminescence derived from reactive oxygen. The PAg exhibited protective activity in hamsters challenged with lethal doses of L. interrogans. Therefore, the antigen may be useful as a component vaccine against leptospiral infection.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1989

Amyloid urinary-tract calculi in patients on chronic dialysis.

Urinary calculi found in 4 patients on chronic hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were identified as protein calculi by infrared spectroscopic analysis. Positive Congo red staining and immunological assessment revealed that the calculi were composed of amyloid protein derived from beta 2-microglobulin. A comparison of the patients who excreted calculi with 10 patients on chronic dialysis without urinary calculi showed no significant differences in the urinary and serum levels of beta 2-microglobulin. The mechanism of amyloid calculus formation may involve factors independent of the concentration of beta 2-microglobulin in urine or serum. Urinary calculi found in patients on chronic hemodialysis or CAPD were composed of amyloid protein derived from beta 2-microglobulin.

Amyloid↗