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Biomedical subjects

R N Smith

Publications and source records attributed to R N Smith.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Eight years experience with civilian injuries of the colon.

A chart review of 130 patients with colonic injuries treated between the years 1968 and 1976 were reviewed. Types of operative procedure, complication rate, mortality and hospital stay were tabulated. The patients treated by primary closure and exteriorized primary repair had a 2% mortality, while various staged procedures used in the remaining patients resulted in a 6% mortality. Complications were common in all types of repair and correlated with the severity of the injury. Primary closure of the injured colon can safely be accomplished in carefully selected patients. Staged procedures necessitate a secondary operation which we found to be relatively benign, and we continue to use staged operations in the majority of our patients with colonic injuries. This management protocol has resulted in a 4 to 6% over-all mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

High-pressure liquid chromatography of cannabis. Quantitative analysis of acidic and neutral cannabinoids.

A reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of the acidic and neutral cannabinoids in cannabis. Cannabigerol and cannabigerolic acid have been located in the liquid chromatogram of cannabis and factors affecting the chromatographic process are discussed. A method for quantitating one component in the presence of a second unresolved component is described.

Cannabinoids↗
PubMed1976

The sociology of language in Johann David Michaelis's dissertation of 1760.

In 1759 Johann David Michaelis won a prize from the Prussian Royal Academy for his essay Beantwortung der Frage von dem Einfluss der Meinungen in die Sprache, und der sprache in die Meinungen. The essay was published in the following year and translated into French in 1762, into English in 1769, and into Dutch in 1771. The work has two major themes--linguistic relativity and language change--with ancillary discussions of language in general and of homonymy. Its most significant contribution to the theory of language is its discussion of linguistic relativity, especially in its manifestations in the influence of language on thought. Given the intellectual milieu of the work where inquiry was centered on the origin of language and language universals, it stands as one of the few discussions of this topic and it is also one of the most fruitful discussions of linguistic relativity for any period of history.

Germany↗
PubMed1975

Specific responsiveness of leukocytes to soluble extracts of human tumors.

The leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) method was studied with respect to its specificity in detecting responses to extracts of tumor tissues or normal lymphocytes. Responses of cells from normal persons were within 10% of each other whether incubation was carried out with culture medium alone or with any of the extracts. The same was true of cells from 78 cancer patients unless the cells were incubated with extracts of the same histologic type as their own. In the latter case, statistically significant responses occurred in 95% of the 110 analyses done. Negative responses were given by cells from 14 patients tentatively diagnosed as having breast carcinoma but whose lesions later proved benign. There was one positive response inconsistent with the diagnosis. Of 29 normal individuals known to have been exposed to tumors or tumor extracts, 11 responded positively and specifically to the relevant tumor extract. Cells from 12 of 30 multiparous female breast-cancer patients responded to extracts of pooled normal lymphocytes. The results establish that the LAI analysis is an extremely specific means of detecting systemic responses to malignant diseases. In addition, analyses have proven positive in 95% of the cases studied.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1975

Isolation and characterization of the testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin from human plasma. Use of a novel affinity column.

This report concerns the purification and characterization of the testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin (TeBG) from human plasma. Cohn fraction IV was submitted sequentially to ammonium sulfate preciptation, affinity chromatography, gel filtration, and isoelectric focusing. The final product was homogeneous in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Its activity was demonstrated by the finding of slightly more than one binding site/mole for dihydrotestosterone. Association constants (M-1) at 4 and 37degreesC were ascertained for three steroids: dihydrotestosterone; 2.4 x 10(9) and 0.99 x 10(9); testosterone, 1.1 x 10(9) and 0.35 x 10(9); estradiol, 0.60 x 10(9) and 0.22 x 10(9). TeBG is a glycoprotein having a molecular weight of 94000 and both the amino acid and carbohydrate content are presented along with other physical properties.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Safeguards for healthy volunteers in drug studies.

Safeguards for healthy volunteers in drug studies have not been as strict as those involving patients. The shortcomings include the lack of surveillance over the scientific validity of the protocol and its ethical review, and over the financial inducements to volunteers. Recruitment is open to abuse because the volunteers may have some allegiance to the investigators. There is an urgent need to institute checks on these aspects. Most important, however, is the lack of legal safeguards for volunteers taking part in research done outside the pharmaceutical industry. The suggested procedure for obtaining consent, for health checks, and for providing compensation can be equitable to all concerned, and yet not restrict initiative, nor curtail research aims.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed1975

Selection of a reference partitioning system for drug design work.

Consideration of the structural, polar, and transport properties of water-saturated solvent and solvent-saturated water phases of three general and eight specific binary systems leads to the conclusion that the n-octanol-water system is a very good all-round compromise for use as a reference system for biological partitioning in drug design work.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1975

A method for recording tendon strain in sheep during locomotion.

Strain change in the lateral digital extensor tendon of sheep was measured during locomotion by means of a small metal strain gauge transducer. The strain pattern was correlated with the activity of the muscle and the position of the limb. The main period of tendon strain occurred immediately following a phase of muscle activity as the foot was placed on the ground. A second period of tendon tension occurred as the foot was lifted from the ground. This was again usually associated with a muscular contraction. Daily recordings were taken from 14 animals for about 10 days after implantation of the transducer.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Kinetics and thermodynamics of the slow hydrophobic deactivation of alpha-chymotrypsin.

A quantitative model for the slow reversible hydrophobic deactivation of alpha-chymotrypsin (alpha-CT) is proposed. Kinetic results are obtained for (1) the situation in which the inhibitor concentration, although remaining constant during the course of a run, can be varied independently of the concentration of nonself-inhibiting substrate, and for (2) the situation in which the self-inhibiting substrate concentration decreases during the course of a run, and independent variation of inhibitor and substrate concentrations is not possible. Excellent quantitative agreement between theory and experiment is obtained for a wide range of conditions using 3-(n-hexanoyl-O-benzoate (with dodecylsulfate as the inhibitor), and 3-(n-decanoyl)-O-benzoate as the self-inhibiting substrate. Activation enthalpies and entropies for the hydrophobic deactivation of alpha-CT by dodecylsulfate and tetradecyltrimethylammonium are determined. For comparison, activation enthalpies and entropies for the alpha-CT hydrolysis of 3-(n-heptanoyl)-O-benzoate are determined; evidence for a thermally induced conformational transition in alpha-CT at 30 degrees C is obtained.

Benzoates↗