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Biomedical subjects

R N Hooper

Publications and source records attributed to R N Hooper.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Case-control study of the association between various management factors and development of colic in horses. Texas Equine Colic Study Group.

The association between various management factors and development of colic was studied in 821 horses treated for colic and 821 control horses treated for noncolic emergencies by practicing veterinarians in Texas between Oct 1, 1991 and Dec 31, 1992. History of previous colic and history of previous abdominal surgery were found to be significantly associated with colic. Change in stabling conditions during the 2 weeks prior to the time of examination, recent change in diet, and recent change in level of activity significantly increased the risk for development of colic. Changes in activity level, diet, and stabling conditions were identified as potentially alterable risk factors for colic. Logistic regression was used to adjust for the effects of all variables found to be significantly associated with colic by means of univariate analysis, and only history of previous colic, history of previous abdominal surgery, and history of recent change in diet remained significantly associated with colic. Results of this study indicate that a proportion of colic cases might be prevented by minimizing changes in management practices.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1995

Urinary surgery.

This article describes diagnosis, prognosis, pathophysiology, and methods to surgically correct abnormalities of the urinary system of ruminants. Surgery of the urinary system in ruminants most frequently is required to alleviate urethral obstruction or correct urinary bladder rupture. Several options for surgical management of those conditions are presented, but the prognosis for long-term survival or a return to reproductive function is poor if a urethrostomy is performed. Nephrectomy, translocation of ectopic ureters, removal of urachal remnants, and urethral extension to treat urovagina are performed less often in ruminants because animals requiring these procedures often are culled because of economic considerations or decreased productivity. Consequently, much of what has been described for ruminants is based on a limited number of cases or extrapolated from what has been learned from other species.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Ventral pararectal approach to the seminal vesicles of bulls.

Results of bilateral seminal vesiculectomy on 4 clinically normal bulls indicated that a ventral pararectal approach can be done to gain exposure to the seminal vesicles without excessive risk of postoperative complications or alterations in the bull's ability to develop and maintain an erection or to ejaculate semen. Advantages of the ventral pararectal approach over the lateral approach to the seminal vesicles are that all dissection is on the midline between the rectum and pelvic urethra and the prevalence of intraoperative hemorrhage and postoperative hematoma formation is decreased. Additionally, the potential to damage nerves that lie adjacent to the rectum and pelvic urethra is reduced. Consequently, bladder atony and ejaculatory failure are less likely to develop after seminal vesiculectomy via a ventral pararectal approach.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effects of bilateral ovariectomy via colpotomy in mares: 23 cases (1984-1990).

Postoperative performance and behavioral patterns were investigated retrospectively in 23 client-owned mares after bilateral ovariectomy via colpotomy. The interval from surgery to postoperative inquiries ranged from 9 to 67 months. Information obtained from review of the medical record and client interviews included the reason for ovariectomy, postoperative complications, problems identified by owners after discharge of the mare from the hospital, postoperative level of athletic performance, postoperative signs of estrus, and overall owner satisfaction. Reasons given by owners for having mares ovariectomized were behavioral modification (16 mares), use as embryo-transfer recipients (3 mares), use as mount mares for collecting semen (2 mares), elimination of chronic colic during estrus (1 mare), and sterilization for registration (1 mare). Postoperative complications developed in 4% (1/23) of the mares; however, problems were noticed by the owners of 4 other mares after discharge from the hospital. Continuing signs of behavioral estrus were detected in 35% (8/23) of the mares, but in only in 9% (2/23) was the behavior judged to be objectionable by the owner. Of 12 mares used in performance events prior to bilateral ovariectomy, 10 were judged to be competing at greater than preoperative levels, 1 was judged to be competing at the same level, and 1 was judged to be competing at less than preoperative level of performance. Of 18 owners, 14 were satisfied, 2 were undecided, and 2 were dissatisfied with their mare after it had had bilateral ovariectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Distal metacarpal sequestration in a bison.

A 2-year-old 400-kg female American bison was admitted for evaluation and treatment of an open fracture of the right metacarpal bones 3 and 4. Radiography revealed osteolysis of the distal metaphysis and epiphysis, with extensive bony callus formation along the dorsoproximal and proximomedial aspects extending distally to the proximomedial aspect of the proximal phalanx. Evidence of periosteal or bony proliferation at the fracture site or along the distal segment of the third and fourth metacarpal bones was not visible, suggesting that the distal fracture fragment was becoming a sequestrum. Treatment consisted of soft tissue debridement and placement of the limb in a full-limb cast. The cast was changed every 4 weeks until the sequestrum was removed and the bone healed. It is rare for the distal half of a long bone to sequester following fracture. Additionally, it is remarkable that the sequestrum served as a buttress, which prevented collapse of the bone until the sequestrum was replaced by functional bony callus.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Measurements of glycosaminoglycans in follicular, oviductal and uterine fluids of mares.

Eighteen fertile mares were used to determine the effects of the oestrous cycle and location in the reproductive tract on the amount and concentration of glycosaminoglycans in luminal fluids. Ovariohysterectomies were performed in 3 groups of 6 mares on Day 3 of behavioural oestrus, within 6 h after ovulation or on Day 8 of dioestrus. The lumina of the uterine horns and oviducts ipsilateral and contralateral to the active ovary were flushed and fluid was aspirated from the dominant follicle in the oestrous preovulation group. Glycosaminoglycans and protein concentrations were measured in these fluids. Both the total amount and the concentration of glycosaminoglycans were higher in the pre- and post ovulatory oestrous groups than in the dioestrous animals and they were higher in the luminal fluids than in oviductal fluids. There were no significant differences between the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the reproductive tract and the concentration of glycosaminoglycans in follicular fluid was far greater than in other parts of the tract. The increased quantity and concentrations of glycosaminoglycans found in the tubular reproductive tract of mares during the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle supports the hypothesis that these molecules may play a role in events associated with fertilization.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of an ecraseur for ovariohysterectomy in mares.

Ovariohysterectomy was performed in 20 mares at three stages of estrus. An ecraseur was used to severe the ovarian branch of the ovarian artery and vein and the ovarian suspensory ligament en masse. All other vessels supplying the ovaries and uterus were doubly ligated and transected. All mares survived. Complications were intraoperative hemorrhage in three mares, postoperative vaginal bleeding in two mares, and a hematoma in the remnant of the broad ligament in one mare. No adhesions between the uterine stump or remnants of the broad ligament and abdominal structures were detected by palpation per rectum.

Animals↗