Communicating more effectively with physicians, Part 2.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R N Herrier.
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Pharmacists face many changes in the coming decade, some of which threaten their professional survival. Although uncertainty may currently prevail, one of these changes, the shift in the patient-health care professional relationship from the patient taking a passive role to an active partnering role, provides pharmacists with many opportunities to realize the vision of patient-centered care that has been advocated by pharmacy innovators and leaders for almost three decades. To take advantage of these changes, pharmacists must modify their practice paradigms and use their existing strengths, such as easy patient access and high levels of patient trust, to help develop a new model of pharmaceutical care. The concern that the magnitude of these changes will prevent successful practice transformations may be exaggerated. In reality, these proposed "new" roles have been in existence for much of this century. Most pharmacists can expand and enhance their traditional roles as self-care advisors and patient educators simply by incremental improvements in interpersonal and clinical skills. Rather than a Star Trek approach to "go where no man has gone before," the profession needs only a pharmaceutical sequel to Back to the Future.
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The Indian Health Service (IHS), an agency of the US Public Health Service, instituted a broad range of clinical pharmacy services for ambulatory patients in the 1960s and early 1970s. One outgrowth of these services was that pharmacists were authorized to provide certain prescription legend drugs directly to patients without physician preauthorization. Also, pharmacists monitored patients' progress and were authorized to make therapeutic substitutions of drugs. Pharmacist prescribing privileges in these programs were defined by P & T Committee-approved protocols. Success with these programs led to expanding the pharmacist's role to include physical assessment and differential diagnosis of patients with specific diseases and to manage their care when that care consisted primarily of medications. The development and implementation of these programs and the results of a study of pharmacist prescribing within the IHS are described in this article, as is the IHS clinical pharmacy training program.
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The clinical symptoms and treatment of acute isoniazid toxicity are presented. The use of supportive measures and chemotherapy are discussed in detail. The pharmacology and biochemistry underlying the symptons of isoniazid poisoning are aslo presented. It is concluded that diazepam in combination with pyridoxine is the treatment of choice for the management of convulsions associated with isoniazid toxicity. Pyridoxine should be administered intravenously in amounts equal to the estimated quantity of isoniazid ingested, even if seizures have not occurred.
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