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Biomedical subjects

R N Carpinelli

Publications and source records attributed to R N Carpinelli.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Berger in retrospect: effect of varied weight training programmes on strength.

The evidence that multiple sets of exercise are superior to a single set for maximal strength gains, as suggested by Berger in 1962, is reviewed. The validity and practical significance of Berger's strength training study are questioned. Well controlled, methodologically sound studies that minimise confounding variables are required to support the hypothesis that multiple sets of exercise elicit superior gains in strength.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Potential health-related benefits of resistance training.

Public health guidelines primarily focus on the promotion of physical activity and steady-state aerobic exercise, which enhances cardiorespiratory fitness and has some impact on body composition. However, research demonstrates that resistance exercise training has profound effects on the musculoskeletal system, contributes to the maintenance of functional abilities, and prevents osteoporosis, sarcopenia, lower-back pain, and other disabilities. More recent seminal research demonstrates that resistance training may positively affect risk factors such as insulin resistance, resting metabolic rate, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, body fat, and gastrointestinal transit time, which are associated with diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Research also indicates that virtually all the benefits of resistance training are likely to be obtained in two 15- to 20-min training sessions a week. Sensible resistance training involves precise controlled movements for each major muscle group and does not require the use of very heavy resistance. Along with brief prescriptive steady-state aerobic exercise, resistance training should be a central component of public health promotion programs.

Back Injuries↗
PubMed2000

Examining the validity of exercise guidelines for the prevention of morbidity and all-cause mortality.

Public health guidelines focus on increasing low to moderate physical activity levels in a largely sedentary population. While there is some evidence that inactivity is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality, there appears to be much stronger and consistent evidence for a graded inverse relationship between physical fitness and morbidity and mortality. However, epidemiological studies investigating physical fitness have often not directly measured aerobic capacity. This calls into question the specific recommendations that assume a direct relationship between aerobic capacity and risk. Performance on some test protocols can be favorably affected by increases in strength and musculoskeletal changes, in addition to aerobic capacity. Other public health recommendations assume that the volume of training, the total amount of work, or caloric expenditure is the key stimulus for health-protective adaptations. However, there is little evidence to support this long-held axiom. A balance of resistance training and aerobic training is recommended for decreasing morbidity and mortality. A threshold theory of adaptation and training is proposed that potentially can efficiently and effectively enhance aerobic capacity and strength in minimal time.

Exercise↗
PubMed1998

Strength training. Single versus multiple sets.

Perhaps the most controversial element of any strength training programme is the number of sets required to increase muscular strength and hypertrophy. There is a prevalent belief that at least 3 sets of each exercise are required to elicit optimal increases in strength and hypertrophy. However, most of the studies that reported the results of training with single versus multiple sets do not substantiate this tenet. In fact, the preponderance of evidence suggests that for training durations of 4 to 25 weeks there is no significant difference in the increase in strength or hypertrophy as a result of training with single versus multiple sets. Because of the design limitations of these studies, conclusions concerning the efficacy of multiple sets should be tentative. However, there is little scientific evidence, and no theoretical physiological basis, to suggest that a greater volume of exercise elicits greater increases in strength or hypertrophy. This information may represent an important practical application of time-efficient, low-volume exercise.

Adult↗