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Biomedical subjects

R Murata

Publications and source records attributed to R Murata.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Studies on the adequate composition of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids-with reference to the amounts of toxoids and aluminum adjuvant.

Immune response of man to tetanus and diphtheria-tetanus combined toxoids with different compositions was investigated, with special reference to the long-term immunity. Adsorbed tetanus toxoid with a potency of about 25 IU per human dose endowed a long-lasting immunity sufficient to prevent tetanus to the vaccines of various age groups, when administered in two doses, followed by a booster injection. Two doses of adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus combined toxoid with potencies of about 20 IU per dose for both components were sufficient to give immunity in infants against diphtheria and tetanus. However, a booster injection should be given within a year to endow a long-lasting immunity. In the case of booster immunization of children with a complete history of immunization against diphtheria and tetanus, a potent long-term immunity was endowed by a single injection of diphtheria-tetanus combined toxoid (plain) with 1 and 3.5 IU per dose, for diphtheria and tetanus components, respectively.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1980

Liver lipids in Letterer-Siwe disease.

A case of Letterer-Siwe disease in a thirteen-month-old girl with markedly swollen gums, an enlarged liver, and seborrhoic skin eruptions is reported. She died from pyopneumothorax in spite of treatment with prednisolone and vinblastine. Analysis of hepatic lipids showed that there was remarkable increase in free fatty acid, which is not seen in normal human liver. Cholesterol ester was also accumulated in the liver tissue. However, the concentrations of phospholipids and glycerides were low and lysophospholipid was found. It is assumed that there was increased intracellular lipolysis in the proliferating reticuloendothelial cells.

Cholesterol Esters↗
PubMed1980

[Alteration of biogenic amines, serotonin, histamine and polyamines, in cases of diarrhea induced by various cathartics (author's transl)].

Effects of various cathartics on charcoal transport, permeability of blood vessels and biogenic amines (serotonin (5-HT), histamine (His), polyamines) in the small intestine of mice were investigated. Diarrhea was induced in mice by oral administration of magnesium sulfate, mannitol, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS), castor oil and pilocarpine. In diarrhea following ingestion of magnesium sulfate and mannitol, vascular permeability in the intestinal membrane accompanied release of His from the small intestine, but such was not so when diarrhea was induced by DSS and castor oil. In diarrhea induced by various cathartics, 5-HT and His were apparently not related to intestinal motility. Thus, alteration in polyamine metabolism in the small intestine may exert an influence on transport of substances in cases of diarrhea in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomographic findings in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

We used a computed tomography to look for evidence of cerebral changes in a three-year-10-month-old girl with SSPE. The area of decreased density on CT corresponded to inflammatory and demyelinative lesions in the brain. CT scans seem to be a useful tool for more accurate assessment in the diagnosis of SSPE.

Brain↗
PubMed1979

Toxin-neutralizing effect of antibody against subtilisin-digested tetanus toxin.

A form of systemic tetanus with atypical symptoms was observed in mice injected in the left thigh with a mixture of tetanus toxin and antibody produced in guinea pigs against a fragment of toxin obtained from a subtilisin digest of the crystallized toxin. The mice did not show typical symptoms of the local tetanus such as convulsions or spastic paralysis of the injected limb.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Studies on adjuvants for human prophylactics. III. Comparison of adjuvanticity in different animal species.

Activities of common adjuvants were compared in mice, rabbits and monkeys with tetanus toxoid as an antigen. Aluminium gel showed consistently high adjuvanticity for antitoxin production in all animal species examined when administered subcutaneously. Water-in-oil in water (w/o/w) showed high activity comparable to that of aluminium in mice and rabbits but no activity in monkeys. Endotoxin was considerably effective in rabbits and monkeys but not so in mice. Production of both IgM and IgG antitoxin was promoted by the effective adjuvants in rabbits and monkeys. In mice, however, the effects of adjuvants on the production of IgM antitoxin was less significant and inconsistent. Contrary to the case of guinea pigs, tetanus antitoxin was produced in mice by ip injection to a level comparable to that induced by sc injection. The effects of adjuvants in mice administered by ip and sc injection were not significantly different from each other.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1978

Effect of zinc and calcium ions on the production of alpha-toxin and proteases by Clostridium perfringens.

Clostridium perfringens produced at least three distinct proteases in a synthetic medium containing calcium. Two of them, thiol and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt-sensitive proteases, appeared at an early stage of growth, but the other one, perhaps being identical to the one produced in a calcium-deficient medium, appeared at a late stage. The production of these proteases depended on Ca2+ but not on Zn2+ in the medium. Alpha-toxin, perhaps being a zinc-containing metalloenzyme, was rather resistant to the proteases, but toxin, produced in a zinc-deficient medium or deprived of zinc with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, was very sensitive. By adding Zn2+, the toxin lacking zinc may have been converted to the zinc-containing metalloprotein that is resistant to proteases. This may explain why alpha-toxin activity increased progressively in a zinc-containing medium in spite of simultaneous production of potent proteases and why it disappeared rapidly in a zinc-deficient medium.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1978

Studies on adjuvants for human prophylactics. I. Comparison of efficiencies of different adjuvants at various stages of immunization with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids.

Kinetic studies on the adjuvanticities of several substances with different modes of action were performed in guinea pigs by using tetanus and diphtheria toxoids as the antigens. When injected subcutaneously into animals, aluminium, endotoxin, pertussis vaccine and water in oil in water (w/o/w) showed very similar adjuvanticities to tetanus toxoid at the beginning stage of immunization, but the activities except that of aluminium became less significant at later stages after the primary stimulus when antitoxin was produced abundantly. Poly L-lysine and to a less extent poly A:U showed potent adjuvanticities next to that of aluminium throughout the whole immunization period. Combination of poly L-lysine with 0.03 mg aluminium showed a similar adjuvanticity to that of 0.9 mg of aluminium alone. In contrast to rather low adjuvanticities to tetanus toxoid, more distinct adjuvanticities were observed to diphtheria toxoid throughout the whole period of immunization with various substances such as aluminium, poly A:U, w/o/w and poly L-lysine but not with endotoxin.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1977

[Clinical experience with sustained release cefalexin (S-6437) for pediatric use in pediatrics (author's transl)].

S-6437 is a preparation of sustained release cefalexin consisting of non-enteric coated granules and enteric coates ones and it is reported that the drug shows good effectiveness with b.i.d. regimen. Various infections in pediatrics were treated with S-6437 and the following results were obtained. Dose used was 40 approximately 100 mg/kg/day at 2 divided doses after breakfast and dinner. 1) Twenty patients (87.0%) of the 23 with respiratory tract infections and 3 (60.0%) of the 5 with the other infections responded to the drug. Overall effectiveness was 82.1% (23/28 cases). 2) As for side effects, tentative diarrhea was observed in 5 patients (17.2%) of the 29 but no other severe side effects were found. 3) S-6437 is considered to be a drug which overcomes inconvenience of giving regular cefalexin four times a day.

Age Factors↗