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Biomedical subjects

R Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to R Murakami.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The effect of hyperoxia on the lungs of rats deficient in essential fatty acids.

Morphological alterations in the lungs of rats deficient in either or both of vitamin E and essential fatty acids were investigated after exposure to hyperoxia for 48 h. In rats deficient in both vitamin E and essential fatty acids, there was damage to type-2 alveolar cells observed as swollen mitochondria and bleb formation in the cytoplasm. None of these changes was found in rats deficient in only one of these substances. Hyperoxia in rats deficient in both substance also caused destruction of the capillary endothelial cells and edema in the interstitium. The lungs of rats deficient in only one of the substances showed some edema in the capillary endothelial cells, but not destruction, and less interstitial edema. These findings suggest that simultaneous deficiency in vitamin E and essential fatty acids facilitates lung damage in rats exposed to hyperoxia.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

A long-term follow-up study of patients with gastric cancer detected by mass screening.

This report is based on 1,139 patients with gastric cancer (GC) detected by mass screening conducted by the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka during 1961-1985. Early GC totalled 527 patients and advanced GC totalled 612 patients. In 859 patients curative resection was performed. Their vital status was traced yearly and six patients were lost to follow-up. Relative survival rates of screening-detected GC patients were 69-70% and almost constant after 5 years from operation/diagnosis. The survival curve in which only death from GC was counted as a death was almost equal to the relative survival curve in its shape and value. The hazard rates of screening detected GC patients decreased rapidly within 7 years and remained low after 7 years. It was confirmed by this long-term follow-up study that about two thirds of GC patients detected by screening were successfully cured of their disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Transient carnitine-responsive medium-chain dicarboxylic aciduria in an infant with cholestasis, hypoglycemia and cardiac failure.

In a cholestatic infant showing hypoglycemia and cardiac failure, non-ketotic medium-chain dicarboxylic aciduria was disclosed by urinary organic acid analysis. As urinary excretion of long-chain fatty acids was also increased, a defect in beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids appeared likely. To try to improve this abnormality, carnitine supplements were given, which led to the complete resolution of clinical and laboratory abnormalities. This is the first reported case of a cholestatic infant who responded to carnitine supplementation. Deficiency of carnitine palmitoyl transferase was suspected as the underlying cause.

Carnitine↗
PubMed1989

Improvement of right ventricular systolic performance by long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy in patients with chronic respiratory failure.

Eight patients with clinically stable chronic respiratory failure, hypoxemia (PaO2 less than or equal to 60 mmHg) and pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary arterial pressure greater than or equal to 20 mmHg) were allocated to long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy, and were followed for three months. Oxygen was supplied for from 15 to 18 hours daily from an oxygen concentrator at a flow rate sufficient to raise the PaO2 to 60 to 80 mmHg. We examined the effects of this therapy on right ventricular performance both at rest and during exercise in these patients. Hemodynamic data were obtained by right heart catheterization. Right ventricular ejection fractions (RVEF) were ascertained using first-pass quantitative radionuclide 81mKr angiocardiography. Thirty minutes of oxygen inhalation at rest had no significant effect on cardiac function, both before therapy (T0) and after 3 months of therapy (T1). The mean pulmonary arterial pressure and the pulmonary vascular resistance during exercise were not significantly different between T0 and T1. On the other hand, at T0, the RVEF tended to decrease from 51.6 +/- 4.9% (during oxygen inhalation at rest) to 48.7 +/- 7.9% (during exercise), whereas at T1 it significantly (p less than 0.05) increased from 48.8 +/- 6.8% (during oxygen inhalation at rest) to 54.2 +/- 8.2% (during exercise). Thus, while 3 months of long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy did not reduce the right ventricular afterload either at rest or during exercise, it was found to improve the right ventricular systolic performance during exercise. This suggested that long-term oxygen therapy could be useful in improving the quality of daily life of patients with chronic respiratory failure.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Appearance of tenascin in healing skin of the mouse: possible involvement in seaming of wounded tissues.

Distribution of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin during wound healing in mouse skin was studied immunohistochemically. Within 24 hours after wounding, and preceding the formation of granulation tissue, tenascin appeared in the basement membranes beneath epidermis and hair follicles adjacent to the wound edges and in the wounded edges of cutaneous muscle layer. Granulation tissue began to form in the wound space at about 1-2 days and was immediately covered by epidermis. Tenascin first appeared in the periphery of the granulation tissue beneath healing epidermis and around the wounded edges of cutaneous muscle layer. Then the tenascin-positive area extended into the inner region of granulation tissue. At about 5-7 days, all of the granulation tissue was intensely stained with anti-tenascin serum. Tenascin immunoreactivity decreased as granulation tissue was replaced with reconstructed dermal tissue at 7-14 days. In most cases, tenascin staining persisted longest in the dermis beneath the healing epidermis and at the juncture of healing edges of cutaneous muscle layer. It disappeared at about 10-14 days after wounding. These findings suggest that tenascin may play an important role in the seaming of wounded tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Respiratory failure after thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: evaluation of preoperative influencing factors and preventive managements against postoperative respiratory dysfunction].

Postoperative respiratory function was evaluated in 94 patients with myasthenia gravis after thymectomy. Preoperative clinical and pulmonary function data were submitted to statistical analyses. The duration of respiratory support and intratracheal intubation time were significantly correlated to % vital capacity, the clinical stage of myasthenia gravis, and the clinical stage of thymoma. Statistical analyses proved that anticholinesterase drugs taken in immediate postoperative period contributed to the improvement of postoperative respiratory function, and non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, i.e. d-tubocurarine which had been considered to be contraindicated in myasthenia gravis was found to be beneficial immediately after the operation in patients with severely deteriorated respiratory function preoperatively.

Cholinesterase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1989

Plasma apolipoprotein and lipid profiles in infants in the first year of life.

Five different apolipoproteins (apo) and lipid profiles were studied in breast-fed mature (BM), brest-fed premature (BP), formula-fed mature (FM) and formula-fed premature (FP) infants in the first year of life. The plasma apo A-1, B, C-II and C-III levels in all groups of infants increased rapidly after birth until 4 weeks of age, and then became stable. On the other hand, apo A-II levels did not change markedly in any of the groups of infants during the neonatal period, but there was a gradual increase in mature infants thereafter. At 12 months of age, apo A-I, A-II and B remained significantly lower than in adults. There were no significant differences in any of the apolipoprotein levels between BM and FM infants or between BP and FP infants except for apo A-I and C-III of premature infants at 3 weeks of age. When premature and mature infants were compared, premature infants showed lower apolipoprotein levels except for apo A-II, and the differences were especially prominent in the neonatal period. Plasma triglyceride levels rapidly increased in the neonatal period and were stable thereafter. Whereas plasma total cholesterol levels increased gradually until one year of age. There were no differences between breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Both triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in premature infants were lower than those in mature infants during the neonatal period. Thus, the proportional change in plasma lipids and apolipoprotein levels during this study period may indicate that lipoprotein composition is not markedly deteriorated even in different nutritional condition in the first year of life.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of mid-ventricular obstruction of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by real-time two-dimensional Doppler flow imaging: a case report].

Mid-ventricular obstruction was evaluated in a case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using a real-time two-dimensional Doppler flow imaging system. A 60-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of oppressive precordial sensation., I-mode echocardiography showed asymmetric septal hypertrophy: thickness of the end-diastolic left ventricular posterior wall was 9 mm, and that of the interventricular septum was 19 mm. However, there was no systolic anterior motion of the mitral apparatus. Doppler color flow imaging showed a mid-left ventricular narrowing in late-systole and a mosaic pattern was depicted from the mid-ventricle to the outflow tract. Continuous wave Doppler echocardiography disclosed a peak velocity of 2.0 m/sec (pressure gradient (PG) = 16 mmHg). In the right ventricular outflow tract, a mosaic pattern was also seen and a peak velocity of 1.5 m/sec was detected (PG = 9 mmHg). These results were nearly identical with the data measured by cardiac catheterization. Thus, it was concluded that intraventricular obstruction of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is diagnosed by observing the flow image and flow velocities in the ventricle using a real-time two-dimensional Doppler flow imaging system.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic↗
PubMed1989

[The role of epidemiologic research of the natural history of cancer for evaluating cancer screening programs--a prospective study of colorectal polyps on the occurrence of colorectal cancer].

In order to elucidate the natural history of colorectal polyps and to examine the effectiveness of endoscopic polypectomy in reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients who had undergone endoscopic examination at the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka in 1970-82. The study subjects consist of 653 non-polyp cases and 431 colorectal polyp cases including 222 cases treated by endoscopic polypectomy. These were followed up until the end of 1985 by the method of a record linkage with the Osaka Cancer Registry's file. The colorectal polyp group and the endoscopic polypectomy group experienced 4.4 and 2.9 times, respectively, as much incidence of colorectal cancer as the non-polyp group. The magnitude of the prevented fraction by the use of endoscopic polypectomy was estimated at 31.3%. A large-scale and long-term study is necessary to elucidate the original study purpose.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses of collagens in the developing fibrocartilage in the glans penis of the rat.

The distal segment of the os penis of rats is a fibrocartilage whose development is dependent on androgens. Electrophoretic and immunoblot analysis indicated that the fibrocartilage contained both type I and type II collagens. Immunohistochemically, type I collagen was detected in the fibrous matrix of the distal segment in all the stages examined. Type II collagen was detected first at 4 weeks in the extracellular matrix surrounding the mature chondrocytes distributed sparsely as single cells or small clusters among immature chondroblasts. The clusters reactive with anti-type II collagen serum increased in size and number at 6 weeks, and almost all the region of the distal segment became reactive with anti-type II collagen serum at 8 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A histological study of the development of the penis of wild-type and androgen-insensitive mice.

Development of the penis of wild-type and androgen-insensitive (Tfm) mice was compared histologically to demonstrate possible androgen-dependent histogenesis in this organ. The os penis of the normal males consists of a hyaline cartilage and a membrane bone in the proximal segment and a fibrocartilage in the distal segment. Only the membrane bone of the proximal segment developed in the Tfm mice. The corpus cavernosum penis, corpus cavernosum glandis, and corpus cavernosum urethrae developed only to a small degree in the penis of the Tfm mice. It is also suggested that the morphogenesis of the urethra and formation of spines on the skin of the glans penis are dependent on androgens.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

[Right ventricular function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease measured by krypton-81m].

Right ventricular function was assessed at rest and during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was measured by first-pass radionuclide angiography using ultrashort-lived radionuclide krypton-81m. The half-life of this nuclide is only 13 sec, and it is completely expired from the lungs. These properties allow measurement of RVEF without correcting for background activity. In 30 patients with cardiac or pulmonary disease, RVEF was first measured by krypton-81 m scintigraphy (Kr-RVEF), then by technetium-99m (Tc-RVEF), without changing the patients' positions. In eight of the 30 cases, right ventricular cineangiography (RVG) was performed within 72 hrs after the radionuclide study, and RVEF was measured according to the Chapman's rule (RVG-RVEF). Kr-RVEF correlated significantly with Tc-RVEF (r = 0.87), and also with RVG-RVEF (r = 0.80). In 10 patients with stable COPD, who had severe hypoxemia (PaO2 less than or equal to 60 mmHg) and pulmonary hypertension [mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mean PAP) greater than or equal to 20 mmHg], and in seven normal control subjects, radionuclide angiographic and hemodynamic monitoring were performed at rest and during supine ergometer exercise. Kr-RVEF at rest was 47.6 +/- 5.4% (mean +/- SD) in patients with COPD and was 54.1 +/- 4.8% in normal subjects. Kr-RVEF during exercise was 51.8 +/- 7.3% in the patients, and 62.3 +/- 3.2% in the normal subjects. Hemodynamically, mean PAP and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) increased significantly during exercise, but the RV end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI) did not change. There was inverse correlation between Kr-RVEF and mean PAP (r = -0.51) or PVR (r = -0.47) as an index of RV afterload. However, there was no correlation between Kr-RVEF and RVEDVI as an expression of RV preload. These findings suggest that a poor response by RVEF during exercise in patients with COPD is associated with elevation of afterload. Thus, right ventricular imaging techniques using the ultrashort-lived nuclide krypton-81 m allow noninvasive, serial and accurate assessments of right ventricular function in patients with COPD.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Autoradiographic studies of the localisation of androgen-binding cells in the genital tubercles of fetal rats.

Distribution of androgen-binding cells in the genital tubercles of male and female fetuses of rats was examined by steroid autoradiography. Binding of [3H]testosterone appeared in the preputial mesenchymal cells, mesenchymal cells around the urethra and in the urethral epithelial cells at 15.5 days of gestation, and in the precursor cells of the proximal and distal segments of the os penis and corpus cavernosum penis at 16.5-17.5 days of gestation in both the male and female fetuses. Mesenchymal cells were suggested to be target cells for androgens which cause the morphogenetic and histogenetic changes in the penis of rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Second primary cancers following female breast cancer in Osaka, Japan--a population-based cohort study.

Using the data accumulated in the Osaka Cancer Registry, a cohort study was conducted on the occurrence of second primary cancers following the first breast cancer in females. Of the 9,503 breast cancer patients newly diagnosed in the period 1965-1982 who were followed up until the end of 1983 (average follow-up period, 5.7 years), 344 developed second cancers, whereas the expected number had been 211 (relative risk (RR) = 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5-1.8). The increased risk was observed throughout the observation period, and was higher in patients of less than 45 years of age at diagnosis than in older women. Significant excess risks were found for second cancers of the opposite breast (RR = 4.2; 95% CI = 3.4-5.2), buccal cavity (RR = 3.6; 95% CI = 1.6-7.2), stomach (RR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.2-1.8), colon (RR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.1-2.1) and thyroid gland (RR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.5-6.1). The effects of chemo- and radiotherapy administered for initial breast cancer on the increased risk of the above mentioned second cancers were also examined. These therapeutic measures were found not likely to be related to the excess risks for cancers of the buccal cavity, stomach and colon. For second cancer of the opposite breast, however, both chemotherapy and radiotherapy remained as possible risk factors. The effect of radiation was proposed as being a likely explanation for the excess risk of second thyroid cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Development of the os penis in genital tubercles cultured beneath the renal capsule of adult rats.

Genital tubercles of male and female rats were cultured beneath the renal capsule of castrated and intact adult male rats treated with androgens, oestrogen, or anti-androgen, and the development of the os penis in the transplants was studied. When the genital tubercles were cultured in normal male hosts, a membrane bone and a hyaline cartilage of the proximal segment of the os penis were formed 8-11 days after transplantation, and a fibrocartilage of the distal segment of the os penis at 11-14 days. In genital tubercles cultured in castrated males, the rudiments of both the proximal and distal segments remained as undifferentiated mesenchymal cell masses. However, similarly cultured genital tubercles were found to develop cartilages and bone when the hosts were treated with high doses of androgens. The potency of androgen-dependent chondrogenesis and osteogenesis was equivalent in the male and female genital tubercles. Chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of the os penis were caused by androgens, while the rudiments of the os penis were formed independently of androgens. The overt differentiation of the corpus cavernosum penis was also caused by androgens.

Animals↗