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Biomedical subjects

R Moser

Publications and source records attributed to R Moser.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Phase-I trial of intracarotid BCNU and cisplatin in patients with malignant intracerebral tumors.

Eighteen patients with progressive or recurrent intracerebral malignant neoplasms after cranial radiation therapy were entered in a phase-I trial of intracarotid bis-chloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU) and cisplatin. Thirty-six courses of varying doses of BCNU and cisplatin were infused intraarterially via a percutaneous, trasfemoral approach. Courses were repeated every 4-6 weeks upon patients' recovery from toxicity. Intraarterial cisplatin or BCNU alone was administered if the blood counts were still subnormal. CT scans and neurologic examinations were performed monthly. Major toxic effects included ipsilateral retinal (amaurosis) in 4 patients and neurologic toxicity in 2 patients (minor focal seizure, reversible obtundation in one patient, and transient hemiparesis in one patient). One patient was infused by a catheter inserted into the supraclinoid internal carotid artery and had no further visual deterioration and no major side effects. Tumor regression was observed in patients previously treated with radiation and/or systemic chemotherapy, including 4 of 9 who had recurrent malignant gliomas, and 2 of 9 who had metastatic tumors. Recommended dose for phase-II trials is BCNU 100 mg/m2 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 every 4-6 weeks. Retinal and neurologic toxicity are possible side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Monoclonal antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein. 1. Characterization.

Mouse hybridomas producing antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have been cloned and their immunoglobulins characterized biochemically, immunochemically and immunocytochemically. Immunoaffinity columns were prepared using cyanogen bromide activated sepharose 4R and the antibodies of the C9 clone. A protein giving a single band in the 50-55 kd range was thus isolated from aqueous extracts of bovine brain. The clone yields antibodies which are, on the basis of these studies, specific for GFAP. The antibody belongs to the class IgG1 and has been applied to human tissues, both frozen sections and sections embedded in paraffin wax following fixation in formaldehyde. The results show that the antibody may be of assistance in the classification of human brain tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Functional changes of neutrophils and monocytes by conditioning and filtration leukapheresis? (author's transl)].

Filtration leukapheresis (FL) is an effective and economic technique to collect large amounts of neutrophils for substitutional treatment of severe, transient neutropenia. An essential factor for effective granulocyte transfusion is functional integrity of the transfused cells. In this study eight hematologically normal donors were subjected to repetitive-cycle-Fl to examine functional changes of the collected neutrophils and monocytes compared to the donor's corresponding blood cells. After conditioning wit dexamethasone, increased neutrophil counts, increased percentage of band forms, decreased activity of leukocyte alcaline phosphatase, and decreased bactericidal activity were demonstrated. These changes indicate increased release of functional immature neutrophils of the nonproliferating bone marrow granulocyte pool. An increased latex-phagocytosis-index was noted during FL, signaling a cell stimulation, possibly by complement activation during Fl. The marked increase of latex-phagocytosis-indices of the eluted neutrophils was possibly induced by the neutrophils direct contact with the nylon fibers of the filter, resulting in mild degranulation, documented by the progressive but slight loss of bactericidal activity during FL. The indices of bactericidal activity were, however, not significantly different as compared to the values in the donor's blood. The repetitive-cycle-FL with minimal duration of contact between blood cells and nylon fibers of the filter, limits the process of degranulation and thereby technically reduces the functional alteration of donor granulocytes. Pretreatment of the donor with dexamethasone resulted only in a minimal change of functional integrity, caused by a transiently increased release of less mature neutrophils to the donor's blood.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The interrelations between the transport of sodium and calcium in mitochondria of various mammalian tissues.

Addition of ruthenium red to mitochondria isolated from brain, adrenal cortex, parotid gland and skeletal muscle inhibits further uptake of Ca2+ by these mitochondria but induces little or no net Ca2+ efflux; the further addition of Na+, however, induces rapid efflux of Ca2+. The velocity of the Na+-induced efflux of Ca2+ from these mitochondria exhibits a sigmoidal dependence on the [Na+]. Addition of Na+ to mitochondria exhibiting the most active Na+-dependent efflux of Ca2+ (brain and adrenal cortex) also releases Ca2+ in the absence of ruthenium red and, under these conditions, the mitochondria become uncoupled. It is concluded that the efflux of Ca2+ from these mitochondria occurs via a Na+-dependent pathway, possibly a Na+-Ca2+ antiporter, that is distinct from the ruthenium-red-sensitive carrier that catalyses energy-linked Ca2+-influx. The possible role of the Na+-dependent efflux process in the distribution of Ca2+ between the mitochondria and the cytosol is discussed. In contrast, mitochondria from liver, kidney, lung, uterus muscle and ileum muscle exhibit no Na+-dependent efflux of Ca2+.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Aeromedical support of flying safety programs.

One of the most significant responsibilities of the flight surgeon is support of flying safety programs. This discussion reviews the prerequisites necessary to provide such support and then considers activities the flight surgeon can accomplish in enhancing flying safety programs.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1976

[Clip markings of the uterus and the urinary bladder for the dosimetry of intracavity and percutaneous radiotherapy (author's transl)].

The exact marking of certain regional landmarks of the anatomy permits the determination of the co-ordinates of these points by stereoscopic diagnostic radiology. The mid-point of the upper margin of the symphysis is selected as the origin of the co-ordinates. The markings of the uterus are placed through the laparoscope with silver clips. The markings in the urinary bladder are placed close to the ureteral orifices through the cytoscope. The doses of radiation generated by the sources of radiation (tubes, colpostat, vaginal cylinder, cervical plate) can with this new marking technique not only be measured experimentally in anatomically well-defined points in the body but the dosage (the energy) can be calculated by the computer. In as many points in the body as desired. The maximal permissable dosage in the tumor can be determined with special consideration for the avoidance of radiation lesions to marked adjacent points such as the ureteral orifices.

Computers↗