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Biomedical subjects

R Morton

Publications and source records attributed to R Morton.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Oxygen enrichment of bag-valve-mask units during positive-pressure ventilation: a comparison of various techniques.

Bag-mask devices are used frequently to provide patients with positive-pressure-assisted ventilation. To increase the percentage of oxygen delivered (FDO2) from the bag, supplemental oxygen must be provided by way of an oxygen inlet nipple attached to the unit. Using ten medical volunteers and a test lung with oxygen analyzer, we studied the effect of several variables on the FDO2 and determined the most effective reservoir that would provide the highest consistent FDO2 from the ventilating port of the bag. An FDO2 of 1.00 was consistently provided by the 2.5-L bag reservoir and a demand-valve set-up attached to the reservoir port of the ventilating bag. Bag refill time significantly affected the FDO2 when no reservoir or corrugated tube reservoirs were used. Corrugated tube reservoirs were found to be more sensitive to all variations in ventilatory technique and to oxygen flow rates. From our findings we recommend that corrugated tube reservoirs not be used for oxygen supplementation, as they are sensitive to variations in ventilatory technique and cannot alert clinicians to problems with oxygen flow. While both the 2.5-L bag reservoir and demand-valve provide a consistent FDO2 of 1.00, the demand valve has the advantage of audible filling of the ventilating bag as well as being compact and independent of ventilatory technique.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1988

High prevalence of unrecognized osteomalacia in hospital patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

A consecutive series of 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) admitted over a 6-month period to the rheumatology unit of a District General Hospital were screened for possible osteomalacia. Transiliac bone biopsies were performed in 14 patients where the above diagnosis was suspected, yielding four (12.9%) cases of osteomalacia. All affected patients were elderly women who had a poor diet and were virtually housebound. Additional risk factors in two cases were partial gastrectomy and occult coeliac disease. Biochemical screening was of limited value in differential diagnosis, since elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels were noted in both osteomalacic and non-osteomalacic patients. This study indicates that, in the West of Scotland at least, osteomalacia is a common, easily overlooked and treatable cause of morbidity in elderly patients with RA.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with polyarthritis.

Polyarthritis in lymphomatoid granulomatosis is rare. In the present report we describe a patient with lymphomatoid granulomatosis who presented with an acute inflammatory polyarthritis three years before the typical skin and pulmonary manifestations of the disease became evident.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Intravenous or intraperitoneal vancomycin for the treatment of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis associated gram-positive peritonitis?

A clinical and pharmacokinetic study was carried out to determine whether an intraperitoneal (IP) loading dose of vancomycin was as effective as an intravenous (IV) load in the treatment of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-associated gram-positive peritonitis. Each patient continued a 14-day treatment on IP maintenance doses. All cases of peritonitis (10 in each group) were eradicated. Side effects occurred in 3 patients following IV vancomycin and in none following IP vancomycin. Serum and peritoneal vancomycin concentrations equilibrated fully and rapidly with each route. It is concluded that an IP loading dose of vancomycin, followed by IP maintenance doses, is as effective as and produces fewer side effects than an IV loading dose in the treatment of CAPD peritonitis.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

Measles pneumonia: lung puncture findings in 56 cases related to chest X-ray changes and clinical features.

Fifty-six African children with pneumonia following measles were investigated. Lung puncture identified bacteria by culture or countercurrent immune electrophoresis in 38% and blood culture with blood countercurrent immune electrophoresis (CIE) identified a further 17%, a bacterial diagnosis being made in a total 55%. Pneumococcus was the most common organism found, occurring in 30% of all measles pneumonias. More severe changes on chest X-ray at presentation were associated with higher rates of bacterial identification and worse outcome at 2 weeks. Chest X-ray changes were worse and bacterial identification was more common in poorly nourished children. Pneumothoraces occurred following lung puncture in 21% and surgical drainage was needed in 11%.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

Cytomegalovirus and inflammatory bowel disease.

An 80 year old man was admitted to hospital with a 4 month history of diarrhoea with blood and mucus. The diarrhoea could not be controlled by a variety of drugs and he died 7 weeks later. Rectal biopsy showed both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusional bodies consistent with cytomegalovirus infection.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Principal neuropathological and general necropsy findings in 24 renal transplant patients.

The principal neuropathological and general pathological findings in a group of 24 patients with renal transplants who died in a nine-year period at the Western Infirmary, Glasgow, are described. Opportunistic infections--bacterial, protozoal, and fungal--were the commonest causes of death. Other causes included cardiac and vascular lesions, upper gastrointestinal bleeding and neoplasia.

Adolescent↗