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Biomedical subjects

R Morris

Publications and source records attributed to R Morris.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Periaqueductal grey matter stimulation produces naloxone sensitive inhibition of reticular neurones in rat caudal medulla.

Neurones in the caudal medulla reticular formation (CRF) are excited by peripheral noxious stimuli and thus may have a role in nociceptive information processing. Stimulation of sites within the dorsal periaqueductal grey matter (PAG) produced a prolonged inhibition of CRF neurones. On 11 of 16 neurones tested microiontophoretic application of naloxone was found to attenuate these inhibitions suggesting that the neurotransmitter involved may have been an endogenous opioid. Histochemical localization of beta endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta ELI) showed fibres containing beta ELI in the vicinity of PAG stimulation sites and scattered individual fibres with short collateral branches in the vicinity of recording sites in CRF.

Analgesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Innovative approach to patient education.

Limitations on staff nurses' teaching skills, more acute conditions, more complex self-care treatments, and shorter hospitalizations--all hampered our efforts to educate patients before the implementation of our patient training program, the RSTC. Occasionally, the patients' learning needs have delayed discharge. But such delays are good for both the patient and the hospital, as inadequate patient education before discharge is thought to be the reason for visits to physician offices and emergency departments after discharge, and both constitute higher utilization costs for our facility. Ultimately, the design of our RSTC program satisfies the educational needs of our patients for self-care within the context of fiscal efficiency.

Cost Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Speaking fundamental frequency characteristics of 8- through 10-year-old white- and African-American boys.

The purpose of this study was to determine the typical speaking fundamental frequencies (SFF) and the standard deviations of the SFF (pitch sigmas) of African-American boys in comparison to white-American boys. A group of 90 boys, 45 from each racial group, aged 8 through 10 years, were recorded as they read a passage and as they described a picture. Analysis of these recordings indicated that no significant differences occurred among any of the groups for modal SFF. The across-race analysis of pitch sigma revealed that the 9- and 10-year-old African-American boys exhibited significantly greater variability in comparison to the age-matched white boys. When the pitch sigma data were analyzed within race, the 10-year-old African-American boys exhibited significantly greater variability than the younger African-American boys, while no differences were found among the white boys.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Growth of human breast cancer cells inhibited by a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist.

About one-third of human breast cancers require hormones for their continued growth and endocrine ablation or anti-hormone therapy can cause regression of these tumours. As a consequence, ovariectomy in premenopausal women or administration of an anti-oestrogen (tamoxifen) in postmenopausal women represent major options for treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Alternatively, chronic administration of agonistic analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) causes regression of mammary tumours in experimental animals, and such treatment has shown promise in a small series of premenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. It has been assumed that these results were achieved by suppressing the pituitary-ovarian axis, as the treatment causes a reduction in circulating levels of gonadal steroids similar to that produced by castration. However, LHRH agonists can exert major effects on tissues other than the pituitary in animals and in the human. Such findings, coupled with reports of LHRH in human breast milk and immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of LHRH-like activity in some human breast tumours, prompted us to test whether LHRH agonists could have direct antitumour effects. We now report major direct effects of LHRH and its agonists on the growth of breast tumour cells in culture.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nitrogen dioxide exposure and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and desmosine.

The relationship between average and peak personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and desmosine was investigated in a population of preschool children and their mothers. Weekly average personal nitrogen dioxide exposures for subjects who resided in homes with one or more potential nitrogen dioxide source (e.g., a kerosene space heater, gas stove, or tobacco smoke) ranged between 16.3 and 50.6 ppb (30.6 and 95.1 micrograms/m3) for children and between 16.9 and 44.1 ppb (12.8 and 82.9 micrograms/m3) for mothers. In these individuals, the hydroxyproline-to-creatinine and desmosine-to-creatinine ratios were unrelated to personal nitrogen dioxide exposure--even though continuous monitoring documented home nitrogen dioxide concentration peaks of 100-475 ppb lasting up to 100 h in duration. Significantly higher hydroxyproline-to-creatinine and desmosine-to-creatinine ratios were observed in children, compared with mothers (p < .001 and .003, respectively).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human cingulate and paracingulate sulci: pattern, variability, asymmetry, and probabilistic map.

Recent advances in functional neuroimaging of the human cerebral cortex revived interest in the study of the cortical morphology at both macro- and microscopic levels. By means of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in vivo images of the human brain can be acquired and used to aid localization of the functional maps. The goal of the present study was to determine variability in the occurrence and location of the cingulate sulcus (CS) and the paracingulate sulcus (PCS). Brain MRIs of 247 healthy young volunteers were obtained and transformed into a standardized stereotaxic space (Talairach and Tournoux, 1988). The CS and PCS were marked in 494 hemispheres using software capable of real-time movement through a 3-D volume. The markers were used to generate a probabilistic map of the CS and PCS. The individual MRI images were also evaluated for the presence and location of the following morphological features: the continuity of the CS, the presence of vertically oriented branches of the CS, the presence of the PCS, and the presence of the intralimbic sulcus. The results revealed considerable variability in the location of some of the above morphological features and a striking hemispheric asymmetry in the prominence of the PCS. The results of four previous blood-flow activation studies of speech control were used to illustrate the relevance of our morphological findings for functional neuroimaging of the human anterior cingulate cortex.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improvement of siderotic ERG.

For fear of endophthalmitis and siderosis, ferrous intraocular foreign bodies are usually removed as soon as they are discovered; markedly reduced, siderotic ERG changes are considered permanent. We report a patient who presented with a chronically retained intravitreal foreign body and significant clinical as well as electrophysiologic signs of siderosis. Only 3 months after surgery, the ERG showed almost complete recovery. If siderosis is not present, adequate and regular follow-up examinations may in certain cases substitute for immediate removal of chronically retained intraocular foreign bodies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraocular foreign bodies: myths and truths.

Over the centuries, the management of eyes with intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) has posed a special challenge to the physician, and the anxiety created by such injuries has never abated. During the past few decades, several new diagnostic tests, IOFB removal techniques, and methods to treat the complications of the injury have been introduced. Nevertheless, old habits die hard: many of the management options that used to be standard are not appropriate any more but have proved difficult to change. This article reviews over forty of these die-hard myths and confronts them with factual statements published in the peer-review international literature.

Eye Foreign Bodies↗