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Biomedical subjects

R Moore

Publications and source records attributed to R Moore.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The occurrence of non-01 Vibrio cholerae in non-potable water samples in Barbados.

Fourteen freshwater or brackish-water samples taken from different sites were examined for the presence of Vibrio cholerae. Standard enrichment techniques, using pre-incubation in alkaline peptone water and plating on thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agar (TCBS) followed by biochemical, physiological and morphological characterization of the isolates, revealed the presence of Vibrio cholerae at nine of the sites examined. Serotyping for type 01 only was performed. All the strains isolated were non-01 Vibrio cholerae.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1993

Heterogeneity in MLL/AF-4 fusion messenger RNA detected by the polymerase chain reaction in t(4;11) acute leukemia.

We have designed a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pair that detects the MLL/AF-4 fusion mRNA encoded by the derivative 11 chromosome from t(4;11)(q21;q23) leukemia cells using the reverse transcriptase PCR technique. PCR amplification was possible in seven of seven cells studied. Sequencing of the amplified products showed three different breakpoints on 11q23 and three on 4q21, resulting in six unique fusion sequences. All fusion sequences maintained an open reading frame. The areas of the MLL and AF-4 genes that are conserved in all derivative 11 fusion RNAs and therefore likely to contribute to the function of the oncogenic fusion protein are centromeric regions of MLL through exon 6 (retaining the AT hook motif) and telomeric regions of AF-4 beginning at codon 491 (containing nuclear localization and GTP-binding motifs). A single primer pair was able to detect the derivative 11 fusion transcript in seven of seven cases of t(4;11) acute leukemia tested. Given the variability shown in specific fusion sequences, studies correlating differential exon usage with clinical parameters will require different fusion-specific oligonucleotides or PCR primer pairs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The chromosome 4q21 gene (AF-4/FEL) is widely expressed in normal tissues and shows breakpoint diversity in t(4;11)(q21;q23) acute leukemia.

The chromosomal translocation, t(4;11)(q21;q23), is the most common type of 11q23 chromosomal abnormality, being highly prevalent in infant acute leukemias and associated with a poor prognosis. The t(4;11) results in the fusion of an 11q23 gene (MLL, HRX, Htrx-1, or ALL-1) and a 4q21 gene (AF-4 or FEL). To further evaluate the 4q21 gene and its role in t(4;11) acute leukemia, we have cloned a 38-kb genomic region and mapped exons of the AF-4 gene. The 4q21 breakpoints in 19 cases of t(4;11) acute leukemia were analyzed by Southern analysis and pulsed-field gels. Seventeen of the 19 cases had breakpoints on chromosome 4q21 that were scattered in this 38 kb region. Expression of the AF-4 gene was studied in a total of 28 various nonhematopoietic, hematopoietic, and t(4;11) leukemic cell lines. The AF-4 gene was expressed in all cell lines as a major and a minor transcript. In addition to the normal transcripts, two fusion transcripts from the derivative 11 and derivative 4 chromosomes were identified in all t(4;11) cell lines except B1, which had only the der(11) transcript. These findings suggest that the breakpoints on 4q21 cluster over a broader area than do the breakpoints in the 11q23 gene, and that der(11) encodes the fusion RNA found consistently in leukemia cells.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a novel, male-predominant carboxylesterase in mouse liver.

As a family of serine-dependent enzymes, the carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1) demonstrate a broad substrate specificity. Mouse carboxylesterases comprise at least 20 genetically distinct loci. We cloned a full-length cDNA for a novel mouse carboxylesterase, Es-male which was expressed predominantly in male livers. This carboxylesterase consisted of 554 amino acid residues, and exhibited 43% and 42% similarities to the known mouse esterases Es-22 and pEs-N, respectively. Es-male contained a C-terminal ER-retention signal PEEL, indicating that it may be a microsomal carboxylesterase.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Activation of both Wnt-1 and Fgf-3 by insertion of mouse mammary tumor virus downstream in the reverse orientation: a reappraisal of the enhancer insertion model.

In retrovirus-induced tumors, proviral DNA is commonly found next to or within a cellular proto-oncogene such that transcription of the gene is influenced by the viral promoter or enhancer. Extensive surveys of naturally occurring tumors reveal that proviruses integrated on the 3' side of the gene are usually in the same transcriptional orientation, suggesting a model in which the bidirectional viral enhancer acts primarily on the closest promoters. Here we describe a virally induced mammary tumor that appears to contradict these ideas since the Wnt-1/int-1 and Fgf-3/int-2 proto-oncogenes have both been activated by mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) DNA integrated 3' of the gene in the opposite transcriptional orientation. However, by cloning the relevant DNAs, we show that these are not simple proviral insertions. In the Wnt-1 locus, there is an additional LTR immediately adjacent to the 3' end of the MMTV provirus, while in Fgf-3, the provirus has sustained a deletion that removes the 5' LTR, gag, and most of pol. These structural alterations can be reconciled with the enhancer insertion model by postulating that the viral enhancer can only function if it is not transcribed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency--diagnosis, plasma carnitine fractions and management in a further patient.

Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCHAD), the third enzyme of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway, carries out the dehydrogenation of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA compounds of 12-18 carbon length. To date only nine cases of LCHAD deficiency have been documented. We report a further patient who as a neonate developed non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms and at 5 months of age cardiomyopathy, recurrent hypoketotic hypoglycaemia and gross alterations of plasma carnitine fractions. Dietary management with medium chain triglycerides led rapidly to clinical improvement. There was a close correlation between the clinical condition, plasma carnitine fractions and cardiac function. At 2 years of age she is developing normally.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1993

An experimental study comparing percutaneous discectomy with chemonucleolysis.

The aim of this study was to assess the macroscopic and microscopic reaction of the intervertebral disc to discectomy with the Automated Nucleotome (Surgical Dynamics, San Leandro, CA), and to compare this with simple trephining of the annulus and with chemonucleolysis. In eight adult sheep, two of four adjacent lumbar discs were randomly incised using the trephine of the Automated Nucleotome, while the remaining levels underwent nuclear excision with the Automated Nucleotome probe. Another four sheep underwent chemonucleolysis at three adjacent lumbar levels. All animals were killed at 6 weeks. The discs that had undergone trephining alone and those treated with the Automated Nucleotome probe had almost identical radiographic and macroscopic changes and showed similarities on microscopic examination. Macroscopically, these discs did not differ from control levels, whereas those treated with chymopapain showed marked changes with a reduction of both nuclear and annular volume. The results of this study suggest that any therapeutic effect of percutaneous discectomy with the Automated Nucleotome is likely to be attributable to the perforation of the annulus alone with the removal of small amounts of nuclear material contributing little, or nothing, to the claimed benefits of the procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence and characteristics of dental anxiety in Danish adults.

Prevalence, characteristics and consequences of dental anxiety in a randomly selected sample of 645 Danish adults were explored in telephone interviews. Participation rate was 88%. Demographics, fear of specific procedures, negative dentist contacts, general fear tendency, treatment utilization and perceived oral conditions were explored by level of dental anxiety using a modified Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS). A Seattle fear survey item and a summary item from the Dental Fear Survey (DFS) were also included for fear description comparisons. Correlation between these indices (DAS-DFS: rs = 0.72; DAS-Seattle item: rs = 0.68) aided semantic validation of DAS anxiety intensity levels. Extreme dental anxiety (DAS > or = 15) was found in 4.2% of the sample and 6% reported moderate anxiety (DAS scores 14-12). Bivariate (B) and logistic regression (L) odds ratios (OR) showed that high dental anxiety was associated with gender, education and income, but not with age. Extreme dental anxiety for dentate subjects was characterized by fear of drilling (ORL = 38.7), negative dentist contacts (ORL = 9.3), general fear tendency (ORL = 3.4), avoidance of treatment (ORL = 16.8) and increased oral symptoms (ORB = 4.4). Moderate dental anxiety was also related to drilling (ORL = 22.3), but with less avoidance due to anxiety (ORL = 6.8) compared with low fear subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The cell adhesion molecule M-cadherin is specifically expressed in developing and regenerating, but not denervated skeletal muscle.

The spatiotemporal distribution of M-cadherin mRNA has been determined by in situ hybridization in the mouse embryo and in adult skeletal muscle following experimental regeneration and denervation. M-cadherin mRNA is highly tissue specific and is found only in developing skeletal muscle. In contrast, N-cadherin mRNA has a broader tissue distribution in the embryo, being found on both neural elements and skeletal and cardiac muscle. M-cadherin is expressed in the myotomes shortly after they form, along with the myogenic regulatory factor myogenin. M-cadherin is expressed in muscles derived from the myotomes and is detected in forelimb bud precursor cells at embryonic day 11.5. In the latter case M-cadherin expression appears co-ordinately with that of myogenin and cardiac alpha-actin. Shortly before birth, M-cadherin expression is down regulated. M-cadherin can, however, be re-expressed following experimental regeneration of skeletal muscle. Here M-cadherin is transiently expressed on regenerating myoblasts but not myotubes. Following muscle denervation no evidence was found for re-expression of M-cadherin under conditions where there was strong expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on myofibres. The highly specific tissue distribution and unique developmental profile distinguishes M-cadherin from other cadherins and suggests a role in cell surface events during early myogenesis.

Actins↗
PubMed1993

The impact of intraoperative autotransfusion on cardiac surgery. A prospective randomized double-blind study.

The effect of intraoperative autotransfusion during coronary artery bypass grafting was studied in a randomized double-blind trial involving 38 patients. Nineteen patients had the collected RBCs washed and autotransfused (autotransfusion group), while the remaining patients had their washed cells discarded (control group). Postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit values were similar. Exposure to banked blood was markedly decreased in the autotransfusion group compared with the control group. In addition, the mean volume of banked packed RBCs transfused per patient was significantly less in the autotransfusion group compared with the control group. Platelet utilization also was markedly decreased in the autotransfusion group. Cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma utilization also was less in the autotransfusion group than in the control group, but this did not reach statistical significance. We conclude that the intraoperative use of autotransfusion decreases the volume of homologous blood products transfused, which results in reduced exposure of the patients to banked blood products.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Toxicokinetics of pentachloroanisole in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.

1. Toxicokinetics of pentachloroanisole (PCA) were studied in F344 rat and B6C3F1 mouse of both sexes by gavage at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg and by i.v. at 10 mg/kg. 2. PCA was rapidly demethylated to pentachlorophenol (PCP) in both rat and mouse and the resulting PCP plasma concentrations were much higher than that of parent PCA due to the much smaller apparent volume of distribution of PCP. 3. Peak plasma concentrations of PCA and PCP increased with dose in both rat and mouse. 4. Bioavailability of PCA was low in both rat and mouse and was sex independent. 5. The high plasma concentrations and relatively long biological half-life of PCP in both species after both i.v. and oral dosing with PCA indicate possible bioaccumulation of PCP upon multiple oral administrations of PCA.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Compromised antioxidant status associated with ascites in broilers.

Tissue infiltration by white blood cells in poultry with ascites has been reported, which could alter endogenous antioxidant status from oxidant stress. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of ascites on ascorbic acid, tocopherol, and glutathione (GSH), which are major intracellular antioxidants. Broiler chicks (1 day) were placed in environmental chambers maintained with normal ventilation (Control) or under low ventilation, which produced a cumulative mortality of 31.3% due to ascites. At 3, 5, and 7 wk, lung and liver tissues were obtained from control birds (n = 5) and from birds in the low ventilation chamber with (ASC, n = 5) or without (NASC, n = 5) overt symptoms of ascites. There were no differences in tissue ascorbate, tocopherol, and GSH between the control and NASC groups with the exception of hepatic tocopherol at 7 wk, which was higher (P < .05) in NASC birds than in ASC and control birds. In general, lung and liver concentrations of all three antioxidants were lower (P < .05) in ASC birds than in NASC and control groups. Uric acid, a product of purine metabolism, was lower (P < .05) in liver and lung in ASC birds at 3 wk compared with control birds. However, uric acid concentrations in ASC birds were higher (P < .05) in the lung and serum at 5 wk, and in the liver at 7 wk compared with NASC and control birds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Anthrotainin, an inhibitor of substance P binding produced by Gliocladium catenulatum.

Substance P (SP) is an undecapeptide belonging to a family of chemically related neurotransmitters and neuromodulators known as neurokinins. In our search for SP antagonists, we screened microbial broth extracts for the ability to inhibit radiolabeled SP binding to membranes prepared from rat forebrain. Anthrotainin was isolated from a fungal culture and determined to be a novel tetracyclic compound, with an IC50 of 3 microM against [125I]SP. The structure, spectroscopic, chemical, and pharmacological properties of anthrotainin are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A comparison of duplex Doppler ultrasonography and intrarenal manometry in the diagnosis of acute renal transplant rejection.

Renal transplant rejection is frequently difficult to differentiate from other causes of renal dysfunction. This study examined the use of duplex Doppler ultrasound and intrarenal manometry in a consecutive series of 73 patients who underwent renal transplantation. Altogether 327 duplex scans were analyzed and, for each, a resistive index (RI) was calculated. A raised RI predicted rejection in patients with grafts that functioned immediately, but not in those that had delayed function. A rise in intrarenal pressure ( greater than or equal to 40 mmHg) indicated the presence of rejection in both groups. However, neither test had a sensitivity of more than 71% and this was not improved by combining the results of the two tests for each patient. Although both tests have a place in transplantation, renal biopsies may still be required to confirm rejection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Written papers.

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Certification↗