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Biomedical subjects

R Mittal

Publications and source records attributed to R Mittal.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Trapezius transfer for deltoid paralysis.

We have reviewed 26 patients treated by trapezius transfer for deltoid paralysis due to brachial plexus injury or old poliomyelitis. We assessed the power of shoulder abduction and the tendency for subluxation. There were good results in 16 patients (60%); five were fair and five poor. Trapezius transfer appears to give reasonable results in the salvage of abductor paralysis of the shoulder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Aluminum fluoride associates with the small guanine nucleotide binding proteins.

AlF4- has long been known to associate with and activate the GDP-bound alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins. Recently the small guanine nucleotide binding protein Ras has also been shown to associate with AlF4- in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of its GTPase activating protein (GAP). Here we present the isolation of a stable Ras x GDP- x AlF4- x GAP ternary complex by gel filtration. In addition, we generalise the association of AlF4- with the small GTP-binding proteins by demonstrating ternary complex formation for the Cdc42, Rap and Ran proteins in the presence of their respective GAP proteins.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed1997

The role of Tc-99m bone imaging in the management of pain after complicated total hip replacement.

A case of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) after total hip replacement (THR) is reported. It is a very unusual cause of pain after any arthroplasty procedure. Three-phase bone imaging diagnosed the condition and sympathetic blockade was used for confirming and treating the condition. The role of the bone scan in differentiating RSD from other causes of pain after THR is highlighted.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1997

Treatment of acute rejection in live related renal allograft recipients: a comparison of three different protocols.

We present our experience on the comparison of three different modes of steroid therapy, oral prednisolone (OP), intravenous dexamethasone (IVDX) and intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in the treatment of acute rejection (AR) in renal allograft recipients. Between January 1980 and January 1992, 206 patients underwent live related renal transplantation. Before 1990, all received prednisolone (PRED) and azathioprine (AZA) only. After 1990, patients were given PRED, AZA and cyclosporine (CsA). After 1 year, CsA was stopped and patients were converted to a two-drug regimen only. Of the 206 patients, 180 (87.4%) were male and mean age was 30.3+/-8.7 years (range 14-63). During the mean follow-up of 43.5 months, 178 episodes of AR were seen in 121 patients. Each episode was considered as a separate entrant in the study. Conventional immunosuppression was given in 151 episodes and 27 episodes were on triple-drug therapy. Diagnosis of AR was made by clinical, sonography, nuclear scan with or without graft biopsy evidence. Of the 178 AR, 110 (61.8%) were within 3 months, 36 (20.2%) were between 3 months and 1 year and 32 (18%) were after 1 year. OP was given in 11 cases while IVDX and IVMP were given in 48 and 119 cases respectively. Overall, 154 (86%) showed either a complete or partial response to antirejection therapy. Response to therapy was 91, 90 and 85% in OP, IVDX and IVMP groups respectively. There was no statistical difference in response rate in different groups. There was also no difference in side effects in three different groups. Our data suggest that it is the high dose of steroid rather than mode of therapy which is responsible for therapeutic benefit in treatment of AR.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Cardiac metastasis from carcinoma breast--a case report.

Secondary neoplasms of the heart are more common than primary tumours. Metastasis occurs most commonly from bronchogenic carcinoma followed by lymphoma and carcinoma breast. Most often cardiac metastasis go undetected as they are asymptomatic and occurs as a terminal event. A 51 year old lady who developed cardiac metastasis from carcinoma breast diagnosed during life is reported with brief review of the literature.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Effects of chromium(VI) on some ion-dependent ATPases in gills, kidney and intestine of a coastal teleost Periophthalmus dipes.

The coastal teleost species, Periophthalmus dipes, commonly known as the mudskipper, was exposed to three sublethal concentrations (5, 10 and 15 mg/l) of potassium chromate for three exposure durations (2, 4 and 6 days). The study compares the dose- and duration-dependent effects of Cr(VI), as potassium chromate, on the ATPase systems in various organs of this fish species. In this study, effects of Cr(VI) stress on total ATPase, (Na+,K+)-ATPase, (Ca+2)-ATPase, (Mg+2)-ATPase, (Ca+2, HCO3-)-ATPase and (Mg+2,HCO3-)-ATPase in gills, kidney and intestine were estimated. A general dose- and duration-dependent inhibitory trend was observed. However, it is evident that exposure duration is more important then dose in the inhibition of the activity of the enzymes. At some concentrations, initial stimulation of the activity of some enzymes were also noticed. However, maximum inhibition was observed in higher Cr(VI) concentrations exposed for the longest time. It is possible that this inhibition of the ATPases by Cr(VI) blocked the active transport system of the gill epithelial as well as chloride cells, glomerular and epithelial cells of the tubules and thus altered the osmoregulatory mechanism of the fish. It appears that this heavy metal ion alters the membrane permeability of the intestinal epithelial cells and other layer of cells by altering the activity of ATPases, resulting in a breakdown of the active transport mechanism needed for the absorption of nutrients, ions and metabolites.

Absorption↗
PubMed1996

Formation of a transition-state analog of the Ras GTPase reaction by Ras-GDP, tetrafluoroaluminate, and GTPase-activating proteins.

Unlike the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins, Ras-related GTP-binding proteins have hitherto been considered not to bind or become activated by tetrafluoroaluminate (AIF4-). However, the product of the proto-oncogene ras in its guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound form interacted with AIF4 - in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of either of the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)-activating proteins (GAPs) p120GAP and neurofibromin. Neither oncogenic Ras nor a GAP mutant without catalytic activity produced such a complex. Together with the finding that the Ras-binding domain of the protein kinase c-Raf, whose binding site on Ras overlaps that of the GAPs, did not induce formation of such a complex, this result suggests that GAP and neurofibromin stabilize the transition state of the GTPase reaction of Ras.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed1996

Uncoupling of GTP binding from target stimulation by a single mutation in the transducin alpha subunit.

Glutamic acid-203 of the alpha subunit of transducin (alphaT) resides within a domain that undergoes a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-induced conformational change that is essential for effector recognition. Changing the glutamic acid to an alanine in bovine alpha(T) yielded an alpha subunit (alpha(T)E203A) that was fully dependent on rhodopsin for GTP-guanosine diphosphate (GDP) exchange and showed GTP hydrolytic activity similar to that measured for wild-type alpha(T). However, unlike the wild-type protein, the GDP-bound form of alpha(T)E203A was constitutively active toward the effector of transducin, the cyclic guanosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase. Thus, the alpha(T)E203A mutant represents a short-circuited protein switch that no longer requires GTP for the activation of the effector target phosphodiesterase.

3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1996

Post transplant diabetes mellitus in live related renal allograft recipients: a single centre experience.

The incidence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) was evaluated in 250 patients who underwent live-related renal transplantation at our hospital between 1978 and 1992. Twelve (4.8%) patients developed PTDM requiring drug therapy. PTDM occurred in 4 of 197 (2%) patients on conventional prednisolone-azathioprine immunosuppression as compared to 8 of 53 (15.1%) patients receiving cyclosporine in addition (triple-therapy). Three patients (25%) developed PTDM during or immediately following anti-rejection therapy with intravenous methylprednisolone. Eight patients (66.6%) developed PTDM within six months of transplantation. Majority of our patients (66.6%) could be managed successfully with oral hypoglycemic agents. Two patients (16.6%) showed spontaneous resolution of hyperglycemia within six months of onset of PTDM. Eleven patients (91.6%) were symptomatic for their hyperglycemia with two patients presenting as 'pseudorejection' and one with diabetic ketoacidosis. Females were more predisposed to develop PTDM in our study (10% vs. 4.1%). HLA-B15 and DR 3 were the commonest phenotypes in our PTDM patients. No other known predisposing or triggering factors associated with PTDM were found in our patients. The current study suggests, that addition of cyclosporine to the conventional immunosuppression in live-related renal allograft recipients has contributed to an increased incidence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus. Close and regular blood sugar monitoring is thus recommended in post-transplant patients especially those on triple drug immunosuppression.

Adult↗