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Biomedical subjects

R Mitchell

Publications and source records attributed to R Mitchell.

500 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
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A serious source of error in antiglobulin testing.

The investigation of a failure of proficiency showed that certain saline solutions are inappropriate for use in blood group serology tests. In particular, it was found that solutions of unexpectedly low pH and/or those autoclaved and stored in plastic containers could severely compromise the sensitivity of the antiglobulin test when used as wash solutions. The observed loss of sensitivity ranged from a reduction in titration score to a complete failure in the detection of clinically significant blood group antibodies. It is suggested that careful consideration should be given to the source, pH, and storage container of saline solutions intended for use in serological tests and that improved standardization and sensitivity could be achieved by using phosphate-buffered saline pH 7.0 to 7.2 for all such purposes. It is recommended that unbuffered saline solutions of pH less than 6.0 should not be used for serological testing.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Murine monoclonal antibody with anti-e-like specificity: suitability for screening for e-negative cells.

A directly agglutinating murine monoclonal antibody of the IgG3 isotype has been produced after mice were immunized with papain-treated Bombay phenotype, e-positive red cells (RBCs). The antibody strongly agglutinated all e-positive RBCs and gave negative reactions with RBCs from Rhnull persons and those homozygous for Rh deletion genes. Variable reactivity was found with e-negative RBCs, ranging from weak to negative with R2R2, slightly stronger with r"r", and stronger still with RzRz. These reactions, together with results from tests with a large panel of Rh-variant RBCs, suggested a specificity for an epitope that is part of the e mosaic but is also expressed at least partially on e-negative RBCs and is influenced by the presence of C. This antibody has been standardized for use as a screening reagent for R2R2 cells by a microplate technique, and over 6000 donations have been screened in this way. No discrepancies have been found in confirmatory tests for e-negative status using human anti-e.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The research base of community-based rehabilitation.

This paper provides an overview of the current research on community-based rehabilitation (CBR) which can be found in the public domain. A brief background to the concept of CBR is given, and it is shown how much of this published research reflects the fundamental principles of CBR service delivery, technology transfer, community involvement, and organization and management. Specific research is discussed under these headings. Additional topics reviewed include the target populations of, and disabilities addressed in, CBR research, and the epidemiology of disability. A summary of locations where the research has taken place is also presented. It is concluded that, while there is still a need for additional research and evaluation in the extensive field of CBR, there has been some reluctance to either undertake or permit such activities. However, CBR and ultimately the disabled can only benefit from placing research and evaluation of CBR into the public domain.

Community Health Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Australia Commonwealth Rehabilitation Service.

This paper describes the background of the Australian Government's Rehabilitation Service and its role in disability and injury management. The health and other professionals who are employed in the Service and their clients are described. Priority and target groups are also described, as are some of the more recent achievements of the Service. There has been a shift in service delivery from a centralized focus to a community-based focus.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Community-based rehabilitation: the generalized model.

This article presents an overview of a generalized approach to rehabilitation services which have come to be known as community-based rehabilitation (CBR). The various administrative and government organizations that may be involved in the delivery of rehabilitation services are identified. Specific attention is given to the various forms of medical referral systems that might exist. In general, rehabilitation services are provided at the community level but more difficult cases, which require more sophisticated approaches, are referred to institutions more closely allied to a central government. This referral system also gives the disabled person access to more specialized personnel and services. The sources of information in this article consist of fundamental and formative primary references from documentation provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). These sources provide a valuable set of historical documents detailing the idealized concept of CBR.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The ghost of Christmas past: health effects of poverty in London in 1896 and 1991.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the extent to which late 20th century patterns of mortality in London are predicted by contemporary patterns of poverty and by late 19th century patterns of poverty. To test the hypothesis that the pattern of mortality from causes known to be related to deprivation in early life can be better predicted by the distribution of poverty in the late 19th century than by that in the late 20th century. DESIGN: Data from Charles Booth's survey of inner London in 1896 were digitised and matched to contemporary local government wards. Ward level indices of relative poverty were derived from Booth's survey and the 1991 UK census of population. All deaths which took place within the surveyed area between 1991 and 1995 were identified and assigned to contemporary local government wards. Standardised mortality ratios for various causes of death were calculated for each ward for all ages, under age 65, and over age 65. Simple correlation and partial correlation analysis were used to estimate the contribution of the indices of poverty from 1896 and 1991 in predicting ward level mortality ratios in the early 1990s. SETTING: Inner London. RESULTS: For many causes of death in London, measures of deprivation made around 1896 and 1991 both contributed strongly to predicting the current spatial distribution. Contemporary mortality from diseases which are known to be related to deprivation in early life (stomach cancer, stroke, lung cancer) is predicted more strongly by the distribution of poverty in 1896 than that in 1991. In addition, all cause mortality among people aged over 65 was slightly more strongly related to the geography of poverty in the late 19th century than to its contemporary distribution. CONCLUSIONS: Contemporary patterns of some diseases have their roots in the past. The fundamental relation between spatial patterns of social deprivation and spatial patterns of mortality is so robust that a century of change in inner London has failed to disrupt it.

Cause of Death↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical treatment for chronic lower-leg compartment syndrome in young female athletes.

Our experience in treating chronic lower-leg compartment syndrome suggests that women may be more susceptible to this injury than are men, an observation for which there is support in the literature. Furthermore, when we evaluated the 47 young female athletes (age range, 13 years 11 months to 21 years 10 months) from our practice on whom 78 separate surgeries were performed, we found a lower success rate than those generally reported in studies that combine male and female patients. We suspect, therefore, that for reasons as yet unclear, women may also respond less well than men to operative fasciotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family Nursing Network: Scottish initiative to support family care.

This article describes the foundation in 1997 of a Family Nursing Network (FNN) in Edinburgh involving nurses from local trusts and Scottish universities. The purpose of the FNN is to support the use of family nursing in practice, research and education. Family nursing proposes that health care should focus on the needs of the family as a unit rather than as the context of care for a family member with health needs. Family nursing is not common practice in the UK but some nurses have found it highly relevant to their care. The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes the family health nurse as an important component of health care in the community for the future and family nursing could well provide the foundation for such practice. Definitions of the family and family nursing are offered, the conceptual background is analysed and the work achieved by the FNN is reviewed. The authors write on behalf of the FNN.

Community Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of accuracy and estimated cost of methods for home blood glucose monitoring.

Venous serum glucose concentrations determined by a laboratory hexokinase technique were compared over a wide range of glucose concentrations with concentrations of capillary blood glucose determined by three reflectance meter techniques currently available in the United States (Eyetone and Dextrometer, Ames Company; StatTek, Bio-Dynamics BMC) and by visual interpretation of reagent strips (Chemstrip bG, Bio-Dynamics BMC). The Chemstrip bG reagent strip was read by patients, nurses, and a physician. In all cases, there was an excellent correlation between laboratory serum glucose concentrations and reflectance meter blood glucose determinations (r = 0.90-0.94, P less than 0.0001) or visual interpretation of Chemstrip bG (r = 0.85-0.92, P less than 0.0001). Chemstrip bG appears to be the least expensive method of glucose measurement. This method offers additional advantages in not requiring a reflectance meter, which needs frequent recalibration and other ancillary equipment for blood glucose determination.

Blood Glucose↗