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Biomedical subjects

R Miller

Publications and source records attributed to R Miller.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Heterogeneity of osteogenesis imperfecta type I.

We have studied 166 patients from 71 families with Sillence type I osteogenesis imperfecta (dominant inheritance and blue sclerae). We confirm earlier findings that there are two subgroups, those with and those without dentinogenesis imperfecta; each family can be allocated to one or other group. Our confidence that the two groups represent distinct disorders is increased by finding that the patients with dentinogenesis imperfecta differ not only in their dental characteristics but also in other clinical features. They have a more severe disease with a greater fracture rate and a greater likelihood of growth impairment.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Recombinant immune interferon increases immunoglobulin G Fc receptors on cultured human mononuclear phagocytes.

Although recent studies suggest that interferons can increase the number of IgG Fc receptor (FcR gamma) sites on mouse macrophages, direct assessment of similar effects on human mononuclear phagocytes is lacking. We therefore measured the specific binding of 125I- and fluorescein-labeled IgG1 to human monocytes and leukemic cell lines after culture in vitro with highly purified human interferons. We report that natural and recombinant human gamma-interferon causes a dramatic (nearly 10-fold) increase in the number of FcR gamma on normal human monocytes and on the human cell lines HL-60 and U-937. Alpha and beta-interferons cause a modest but significant increase in these receptors. This report demonstrates that gamma-interferon acts directly on human mononuclear phagocytes to increase FcR gamma sites, it identifies a qualitative difference in the physiologic actions of human type I and type II interferons, and it suggests that HL-60 and U-937 cells will be important models for further study of the molecular mechanisms of interferon action. The results reported here could also be the basis for a bioassay to assess the pharmacokinetics and variability of gamma-interferon action on monocytes of individual patients during treatment in vitro and in vivo.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1983

Osteogenesis imperfecta with dominant inheritance and normal sclerae.

Most patients with dominantly inherited osteogenesis imperfecta have blue sclerae and relatively mild symptoms. However, in a small group of families the patients have normal sclerae and this disorder has been classified as Type 4 osteogenesis imperfecta. This paper reports the clinical and radiographical features of 48 patients from 16 families with Type 4 osteogenesis imperfecta and compares the findings with those of the classical disorder with blue sclerae (Type 1 osteogenesis imperfecta). The two types are similar in usually causing a mild disease but with a wide range of severity, and in both types the rate of fracture declines in adolescence. There are, however, some significant differences apart from the colour of the sclerae. In Type 4 the first fracture more commonly occurs at birth, dentinogenesis imperfecta is more frequent than in Type 1 and bruising and nose-bleeds are less common. As in Type 1, the radiographic appearances of the bones may be normal. It is important that Type 4 osteogenesis imperfecta should be recognised because of the need for competent genetic counselling, because the management may be different from that appropriate for Type 1 and because it may be mistaken for idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis or child abuse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A double-blind comparison of bupropion and amitriptyline in depressed inpatients.

Bupropion and amitriptyline were compared in a double-blind study of depressed inpatients. Treatment ranged from 2 to 4 weeks: early responders (Hamilton Depression Scale scores less than 10) were often removed from treatment after 2 or 3 weeks. Twenty-two patients completed treatment with bupropion and 18 with amitriptyline. Doses ranged from 450 to 750 mg/day for bupropion and 75 to 225 mg/day for amitriptyline. Overall, bupropion and amitriptyline were equally effective, as measured by the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety scales, Clinical Global Impressions, Zung Depression scale, and the SCL-90. Differences in the side effect profile and in weight change are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A single monoclonal antibody identifies T-cell lineage of childhood lymphoid malignancies.

Immunophenotyping studies with monoclonal antibodies have revealed the heterogeneity of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The lymphoid malignancies of T-cell lineage are particularly heterogeneous and, until now, no single monoclonal antibody has been found to identify all cases of T-ALL and T-NHL. A monoclonal antibody, 4H9, recognizes an antigen of 40,000 molecular weight on normal and malignant T cells. Thirty-six cases of childhood T-ALL and T-NHL were tested, and in all cases, the malignant blast cells were reactive with 4H9, whereas malignant cells from 61 cases of non-T ALL and NHL were not reactive with 4H9. Monoclonal antibody 4H9 is a sensitive and specific reagent for the identification of childhood T-cell ALL and NHL and should be extremely useful in immunophenotyping studies of lymphoid malignancies.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Modifications in food intake by myocardial infarct patients.

Post myocardial infarct (MI) patients made significant dietary changed in accordance with the principles of the Prudent Diet. Patients reported changing their intake of selected food items; specifically, consumption of eggs, high-fat meat, whole milk, and butter significantly decreased. A number of food preparation techniques changes, leading to decreases in total fat and saturated fat consumption. Patients reported frying food less, trimming fat from meat, and using more polyunsaturated fat. These changes were unaffected by the length of time since the MI.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The role of therapeutic drug monitoring in the care of epileptic patients.

Plasma concentrations of anti-epileptic drugs were measured in outpatients with a positive diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy. Dosage adjustments were based on pharmacokinetic principles to obtain optimal seizure control and drug utilization. By means of the sign test the decrease in the frequency of seizures was shown to be statistically significant (P = 0,00024), as was the decrease in the number of anti-epileptic drugs being used concurrently (P = 0,00098). Combined with judicious clinical observation, measurement of blood levels of antiepileptic drugs can contribute greatly to the successful management of the epileptic patient.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1982

The use of 111In-labeled lymphocyte imaging to evaluate graft rejection following cardiac transplantation in dogs.

Lymphocytes separated from venous blood from six dogs who had heterotopic cardiac transplants have been labeled using 111In-oxine. Labeled lymphocytes were reinjected into the dogs and imaging of the heart carried out over the successive 3 or 4 days. For comparison serial ECGs and punch biopsies of the heart were obtained. Abnormal uptake of labeled lymphocytes in the donor heart was clearly visible in three of the six dogs, faintly visible in two and not seen in one. 630 mu Ci 111In was used in the dog where no uptake was seen and subsequent studies showed this amount of the radiopharmaceutical was toxic to lymphocytes. In the remaining five dogs the mean ratio of uptake of 111I in donor to recipient heart was 14:1 (range 6.5:1--21:1). The lack of substantial uptake in the transplanted heart of two dogs in attributed to a delay in rejection relative to the time the labeled lymphocytes were injected. The results suggest that 111In-labeled lymphocytes have potential as a noninvasive test for detecting rejection of cardiac transplants.

Animals↗