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Biomedical subjects

R Mayou

Publications and source records attributed to R Mayou.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Psychiatric Decision Making.

Questionnaire replies from 43 experienced psychiatrists showed wide variation in the ways they would manage a common type of neurotic problem. There were considerable differences in the nature and duration of treatment and in the use of other members of the psychiatric team. The conclusions have implications for training and for the use of health care resources.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1976

Attitudes and advice after myocardial infarction.

While medical opinion increasingly favours an active approach to rehabilitation after myocardial infarction, interviews with 40 patients and their relatives showed a low degree of understanding of medical advice and information. There was general satisfaction with treatment, but communication was seen as often being inadequate, vague, and conflicting.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The nature of bodily symptoms.

Psychiatric descriptions of bodily symptoms have usually been derived from narrowly restricted clinical experience. It is argued that it is more useful to review evidence from all medical settings and occurrence, nature, disability and presentation are here discussed. Syndromes of hypochondriacal reactions appear to be extreme and uncommon manifestations of a universal potential.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1976

Hospital-treated myocardial infarction and the general practitioner.

Patients who had a myocardial infarction were interviewed with their spouses in hospital and after returning home. Advice about rehabilitation, such as that recently recommended by the Working Party of the Royal College of Physicians, was often not received. General practitioners have great opportunities for organising a graded programme of rehabilitation and may often communicate ideas more easily to their patients than hospital staff. However, some practitioners are reluctant to do this work.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1975

Psychological morbidity in a clinic for sexually transmitted disease.

100 first attenders at a clinic for sexually-transmitted diseases were interviewed using a semistructured schedule. 20 per cent. were regarded as probable psychiatric cases and a considerable amount of psychosocial morbidity was observed. Whilst the majority reported anxiety about their possible illness, in a quarter the anxiety and distress appeared to be of long standing, having arisen before the genital symptoms or risk of infection and being related to chronic social and psychological difficulties. There were no significant differences between those diagnosed as having or not having STD in such characteristics as psychological symptoms, mean psychiatric score, and delya in consulting. Whilst those without a sexually-transmitted infection were less likely to be female, and more likely to feel guilty, to have had a casual sexual partner, and not to complain of specific genital symptoms, there was no evidence to support the concept of a syndrome of 'venereophobia'.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

The social setting of hysteria.

Previous reviews of hysteria have emphasized the most severe and disabling forms and ignored evidence from a wide variety of sources. It is argued that hysteria is more prevalent in medial settings than is usually recognized, that the same psychological mechanisms are of wide occurrence, often being accepted as normal for the culture. Discussion of the social factors affecting prevalence suggests that there is a universal potential for the hysterical reaction, with individual variation in susceptibility in appropriate circumstances.

Conversion Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early rehabilitation after myocardial infarction.

129 men aged 60 years or less with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction were allocated to one of three programmes of management: normal treatment (control), exercise training, or extra advice. Outcome was evaluated after twelve weeks by exercise testing and standardised assessments of psychological state and social adjustment. There were no differences between the groups in psychological outcome, physical activity, or satisfaction with leisure or work. The "exercise" patients were more enthusiastic about their treatment and achieved higher work levels on exercise testing than the "advice" or "control" groups. Those who did not attend had a significantly worse outcome. At eighteen months the only significant findings were better outcomes, in terms of overall satisfaction, hours at work, and frequency of sexual intercourse, for the "advice" group. Exercise training increased confidence during exercise in the early stages of convalescence but the overall results show that rehabilitation is of little benefit to cardiac function, everyday life, or emotional state.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Consultation-Liaison psychiatric service delivery: results from a European study.

The reported findings of the European Consultation-Liaison Workgroup (ECLW) Collaborative Study describe consultation-liaison service delivery by 56 services from 11 European countries aggregated on a C-L service level. During the period of 1 year (1991), the participants applied a standardized, reliability tested method of patient data collection, and data were collected describing pertinent characteristics of the hospital, the C-L service, and the participating consultants. The consultation rate of 1% (median; 1.4% mean) underscores the discrepancy between epidemiology and the services delivered. The core function of C-L services in general hospitals is a quick, comprehensive emergency psychiatric function. Reasons to see patients were the following. deliberate self-harm (17%), substance abuse (7.2%), current psychiatric symptoms (38.6%), and unexplained physical complaints (18.6%) (all means). A significant number of patients are old and seriously ill. Mood disorders and organic mental disorders are most predominant (17.7%). Somatoform and dissociative disorders together constitute 7.5%. C-L services in European countries are mainly emergency psychiatric services and perform an important bridge function between primary, general health, and mental health care.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Further evolution of a literature database: the international use of a common software structure and methodology for the establishment of national consultation/liaison databases.

Every day there are 6000-7000 papers published in science. Since the C-L psychiatrist may be asked to consult on a patient with any medical illness, and who may be on any medical drug, methods need to be developed to review the recent literature and have an awareness of current findings. At the same time, teachers need to develop a current listing of seminal papers for trainees and practitioners of this subspecialty of psychiatry. Experts chosen because of their writings and acknowledged contributions to their subspecialty interests have sifted through thousands of articles to select the ones they regard as the most important for trainees in C-L psychiatry. In addition, certain countries--Spain, Portugal, Germany, Mexico, Australia and Brazil are developing national databases of C-L literature not only for their own use, but also to bring them to the attention of other parts of the world. This fifth iteration of the C-L literature database has especially targeted the period of 1996-1999--the millennium issue--in order to have easier access to contemporary essential studies on common problems. Part II of this issue describes the seminal cardiac drug-psychotropic drug interactions that the C-L psychiatrist may encounter in the most common medical disease in the United States--coronary heart disease--with advise to the practitioner as to their management. The use of the Internet and institutional Intranets is described.

Databases, Bibliographic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term outcome of motor vehicle accident injury.

OBJECTIVE: To define the psychological outcome at 5 years of a sample of non-head-injured motor vehicle accident victims and identify baseline predictors. METHODS: Self-report questionnaires were completed by 111 consecutive subjects who had been injured in a motor vehicle accident 5 years earlier and who had been assessed previously in a prospective 1-year study. RESULTS: Although most subjects reported a good outcome, a substantial minority described continuing social, physical, and psychological difficulties and a quarter of those studied suffered phobic anxiety about travel as a driver or passenger. There was little change in quality of life outcome and effects on travel between assessments at 3 months, 1 year, and 5 years. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder remained approximately 10% throughout the follow-up; most early cases had remitted by 5 years, and a similar number of delayed new onsets had occurred between 1 year and 5 years. PTSD at 5 years was predicted by physical outcome and by postaccident intrusive memories and emotional distress. Compensation proceedings were initiated by 66 subjects and were often prolonged and a cause of distress. There were no significant associations with outcome. Trends for a poor outcome in claimants, especially those not settled at 5 years, may be due to their having more serious physical problems. CONCLUSION: Psychological complications are important and persistent after injury in a motor vehicle accident, are associated with adverse effects on everyday activities, and pose a challenge for consultation-liaison psychiatry.

Accidents, Traffic↗