Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Maunoury.
Absence of GFA in established cell lines from glioblastomas promped us to look for this protein from the first replication of malignant cells in vitro and in following subcultrues. Our results show that GFA disappeared during the first twelve replications, often before the fifth replication. No correlation was observed with a morphological transformation of the cells.
Three cell lines derived in our laboratory from human malignant gliomas (SA 130, SA 132, SA 134) were injected subcutaneously into pathogen-free nude thymus less mice. These three cell lines gave origine to malignant tumors which, as original tumors, were positive for the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) revealed by immunoperoxidase method.
A series of 50 human primary intracranial tumors were cultivated in vitro in an attempt to establish cell lines with the trypsinization technique. During the in vitro adaptation period, cultures were maintained at high cell density to avoid rapid over-growth by connective tissue. Five lines were established from 5 tumors including 4 malignant gliomas (SA4, SA44, SA45, SA101) and 1 meningeal sarcoma (SA39). These 5 lines were compared for the following investigations and criteria: light and electron microscopy, chromosomal patterns, saturation density, plating efficiency, doubling time, synthesis of collagen, S-100 and GFA proteins, response to d b-c AMP and tumorigenicity into nude mice. For one or more of the characteristics mentioned above each line was distinct from the others. None of the growth parameters that serve to define the abnormal state in vitro correlated consistently with cellular tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice. The nature of lines derived from gliomas remain uncertain and the collagen synthesis in vitro is not sufficient to affirm that these lines are mesenchymal rather than glial.
Twelve human tumors were cultivated in vitro by the trypsinization technique and 3 cell lines were established. Each of these 3 lines showed individual characteristics which were maintained during passages. After inoculation into nude mice, 2 lines induced tumors which possessed the histologic features of the original human tumors (melanoma and carcinoma of stomach), the other line derived from a breast carcinoma was rejected.
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A number of investigations have suggested a fundamental role for lysosomal enzymes in growth control of normal cells and in the loss of growth control which occurs in neoplasia and in cell cultures transformed by oncogenic viruses. In this investigation total enzyme activities and rates of extracellular accumulation of enzyme were measured in long term cultures of gliomas and normal human astrocytes. Marked differences were found between the cultures with regard to total enzyme activity. Exocytosis rates of the enzymes also showed differences, with one group of tumours demonstrating low or intermediate rates and another smaller group with high rates. There was no positive correlation between the enzyme profile of the cultures and their tumorigenicity in nude mice.
A histological study of lymphocytic infiltration has been undertaken following removal at operation of one hundred human gliomas. This study has been completed with eight cases of tumour recurrence, six attempted autologous grafts, twenty one post-mortems and fourteen explorations of delayed hypersensitivity reactions. About half of the glioma specimens showed lymphocytic infiltration and no reaction was present in the other. Within this series of glioblastomas a correlation existed between the presence of infiltrating lymphocytes and the duration both of pre and post operative tumour evolution. The rejection of autologous grafts seemed to depend directly on the presence of lymphocytic infiltrations associated with the primary tumour. The retarded hypersensitivity reactions obtained after intradermic inoculations of cellular lyophilizates did not seem to be directly related either to the phenomenon of autologous graft rejection or to the presence of lymphocytic infiltrations. The results suggest that there is a complex system represented by two antigenic groups of transplantation type and sensitization type.
The present work shows that hepatic tissue occasionally appears in certain mouse teratocarcinomas: the presence of hepatic structures in these tumours, suspected on the basis of routine histological examination, is confirmed here by the use of anti-mouse alpha-foetoprotein serum and the ABC immunoperoxidase technique.
The ABC technique using a specific anti-mouse alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) serum permits identification of groups of extraembryonic proximal endoderm cells in certain teratocarcinomas. These AFP+ cells are always associated with trophoblastic and parietal endodermal patterns and structures. These observations strongly support the hypothesis of a common precursor to the extraembryonic tissues which appears during the first phases of egg development.
As polyembryomas are special forms of human teratomas in which numerous structures mimicking the early stages of the human embryo are conspicuous, immunoperoxidase staining of these embryoid bodies (EB) has been used to reveal the initial appearance and localization of beta HCG and AFP, respectively, in amnion and in primary yolk-sac. EB are involved in the building of various questionable patterns of teratomatous germ-cell tumours. Special emphasis has been placed on tracking yolk-sac tumour patterns through dislocating EB, using a specific anti-human AFP serum.
Histological sections of a stage 6b human embryo (13-15 days old) were immunohistochemically stained for specific alphafoetoprotein (AFP). Conspicuous AFP+ endodermal cells were observed in the yolk-sac wall using the ABC peroxidase technique, which gave consistent results on dismounted and decolorized old slides.
On the basis of studies utilizing antibody to GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) in the indirect immunofluorescent and immunoperoxydase methods we report the presence of GFAP in 5 astrocytomas, 1 ependymoma and 1 medulloblastoma. The GFAP was evidenced on cryostat sections of frozen material and in short-term tissue culture. Five others tumors including 1 oligodendrocytoma, 1 choroid-plexus papilloma, 1 meningioma and 2 secondary sarcomas were negative. Possible applications of antibodies to GFAP for localization and therapy of brains tumors were considered.
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