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Biomedical subjects

R Matsushima

Publications and source records attributed to R Matsushima.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Central distribution of efferent and afferent components of the pudendal nerve in macaque monkeys.

Central distribution of efferent and afferent components of the pudendal nerve was studied by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method in 13 macaque monkeys, i.e., in nine Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata), two rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and two crab-eating monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The enzyme was applied to the central cut end of the pudendal nerve; then the monkeys were allowed to survive for 36 to 72 hr. Retrogradely labeled neuronal cell bodies of pudendal motoneurons constituted a slender longitudinal cell column in the ventral horn. The cell column extended from high or middle S1 to high or middle S2 in eight monkeys, from middle or low L7 to high S2 in four monkeys, and from high L7 to middle S1 in a monkey. The cell column appeared to correspond to Onuf's X nucleus in man. No sex difference was recognized in the position of the cell column. The average number of HRP-labeled pudendal motoneurons was larger in male than in female adult Japanese monkeys, whereas no sex difference was found in the average soma diameter of the pudendal motoneurons. Transganglionically labeled axons entered into the spinal cord through the S1 and S2 dorsal roots in 12 monkeys and through the L7 and S1 dorsal roots in one monkey. Labeled axons were distributed ipsilaterally in laminae I-VI and X of the spinal cord at the same and adjacent levels of entry of HRP-labeled dorsal root fibers (from L7 to S3 in 12 monkeys and from L6 to S3 in one monkey).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Amygdalospinal projections in the macaque monkey.

Injection of horseradish peroxidase into the cervical cord in the macaque monkey led to the retrograde labeling of neurons in the caudal part of the central nucleus of the amygdala ipsilateral to the spinal half where the injection was made. Although the number of labeled neurons in the amygdala was small, they were constantly found in 7 macaque monkeys (3 Japanese monkeys, 3 crab-eating monkeys and 1 rhesus monkey) which were injected with the enzyme into the upper and middle cervical cord segments.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1985

Inhibition by 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole of hepatic tumorigenesis induced by diethylstilbestrol alone or combined with N-nitrosobutylurea in WF rats.

Six groups of inbred male WF rats were castrated at 40 days of age. Group 1 was given no further treatment; groups 3-6 received sc implantations of 5.0 mg diethylstilbestrol [(DES) CAS: 56-53-1]. At 50-55 days of age, groups 5 and 6 were given drinking water containing 5.0 mg N-nitrosobutylurea [(NBU) CAS: 869-01-2] per day for 30 days. After the termination of NBU treatment, groups 2, 4, and 6 were given 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole (AT), considered an inhibitor of hydroperoxidases, in the drinking water throughout the experiment. Castrated male rats or rats castrated and treated with AT alone developed neither hepatic tumors nor pituitary tumors. The hepatic tumor incidence, the size and total number of hepatic tumors, and the mean liver weight were significantly reduced in rats given the DES-NBU combination and slightly reduced in rats given DES alone when AT was administered. In contrast, AT treatment did not change the pituitary tumor incidence and the mean pituitary weight. The thyroid gland weights were approximately 7-44 times greater in AT-treated groups than those in each corresponding control group. These data indicate that AT inhibited hepatic but not pituitary tumorigenesis and caused enlargement of the thyroid gland. The present study, therefore, provides evidence that the metabolic activation of DES by oxidation is involved in rat liver carcinogenesis.

Amitrole↗
PubMed1984

Identification of motoneurons innervating the tensor tympani muscle in the rabbit: a retrograde horseradish peroxidase study.

After injecting horseradish peroxidase into the tensor tympani muscle in the rabbit, neuronal cell bodies labeled retrogradely with the enzyme were seen in the ventrolateral regions of the pontine tegmentum. These tensor tympani motoneurons were located in the 'nucleus n' as well as in the rostrodorsal part of the medial 'cell group k' of Meessen and Olszewski [4].

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Preventive effects of antioestrogen on mammary and pituitary tumorigenesis in rats.

Six groups of inbred male Wistar/Furth (WF) rats were castrated at 40 days of age and group I received no further treatment. Groups 3 and 5 received 5.0 mg diethylstilboestrol (DES) pellets. Groups 4 and 6 were given both DES and 5.0 mg anti-oestrogen (antiE) clomiphene citrate pellets. At 50-55 days of age groups 2, 5, and 6 were exposed daily to drinking water containing 5.0 mg N-nitrosobutylurea (NBU), for 30 days. None of the castrated rats given NBU alone developed mammary or pituitary tumours (MT, PT). When antiE was administered, both MT and PT incidences were reduced in rats given DES alone or in combination with NBU. Furthermore, in antiE-treated rats receiving DES and NBU the mean number of MT per rat was also significantly decreased. Similarly a marked reduction in the mean pituitary weight was observed in antiE-treated groups. These results indicate that antiE treatment was effective in the prevention of both mammary and pituitary tumorigenesis in rats receiving DES alone or receiving a combination of DES and NBU, and its inhibitory effect on mammary tumorigenesis may be mainly due to competitive antagonism for DES-induced pituitary tumorigenesis by antiE.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Inhibitory effect of antiestrogen on hepatic tumorigenesis in WF rats treated with diethylstilbestrol alone or in combination with N-nitrosobutylurea.

Four groups of inbred male WF rats were castrated and received sc implantations of diethylstilbestrol [(DES) CAS: 56-53-1; alpha,alpha'-diethyl-4,4'-stilbenediol] at 40 days of age. Group I was given no further treatment; groups II and IV were treated with antiestrogen (AntiE) clomiphene citrate simultaneously with DES treatment. At 50-55 days of age, groups III and IV were given drinking water containing N-nitrosobutylurea [(NBU) CAS: 869-01-2; 1-butyl-1-nitrosourea] for 30 days. Castrated male rats or rats castrated and treated with NBU alone developed neither hepatic tumors (HT) nor pituitary tumors (PT). When AntiE was administered, incidences of HT and PT, size and the total number of HT, and mean pituitary weight were significantly reduced in rats given DES alone and in rats given DES with NBU. AntiE treatment changed the distribution in the histologic classification of hepatocellular lesions: Neoplastic nodules, instead of hepatocellular carcinomas, were predominant. The results indicate that AntiE was effective in the inhibition of hepatic and pituitary tumorigenesis associated with DES treatment. Our previous study has shown that prolactin was not involved in this hepatic tumorigenesis. Therefore, these studies provide evidence that the carcinogenic effect of DES on the liver cell is direct and that HT are regulated in development and growth by AntiE treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of 17 beta-estradiol and diethylstilbestrol on concurrent development of hepatic, mammary, and pituitary tumors in WF rats: evidence for differential effect on liver.

17 beta-Estradiol [(E2) CAS: 50-28-2; estradiol] and diethylstilbestrol [(DES) CAS: 56-53-1; alpha-alpha'-diethyl-4,4'-stilbenediol] were compared to determine their tumor-inducing abilities in tissue. After castration at 40 days of age, inbred male WF rats received a pellet of either 5.0 mg DES or 5.0 mg E2. Approximately half of the rats that had been given DES or E2 were further given at 50-55 days of age 5.0 mg N-nitrosobutylurea [(NBU) CAS: 869-01-2; 1-butyl-1-nitrosourea] in their drinking water each day for 30 days. None of the castrated rats given E2 alone developed hepatic tumors (HT). Even further addition of NBU did not elicit any HT. Conversely, E2 treatment as well as DES treatment, whether administrated alone or in combination with NBU, resulted in an increase in the incidence of pituitary tumors (PT) and in the mean pituitary weight. The data indicate that E2 was ineffective in inducing HT in castrated male rats, whereas E2 showed an ability to induce PT similar to that of DES. In addition, E2 was not as able to induce as many mammary tumors as DES was able to induce. There was no significant synergism between E2 and NBU in contrast to that between DES and NBU in mammary tumorigenesis, whereas these two estrogens had a similar effect in causing an increase in the pituitary weight. This study, therefore, suggests that the carcinogenic effect of estrogens may not always correlate with their estrogenic effect and further confirms the noninvolvement of prolactin in hepatic tumorigenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Direct projections to the prestriate cortex from the retino-recipient zone of the inferior pulvinar nucleus in the macaque monkey.

It was found by the anterograde and retrograde horseradish peroxidase methods that the medial border region of the inferior pulvinar nucleus of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata), where optic fibers have been shown to end [8], was connected reciprocally with the ipsilateral prestriate cortical regions around the compensatory sulcus on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Direct amygdaloid projections to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve: a light and electron microscopic study in the rat.

The projections from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the dorsal vagal complex were examined in the rat by means of anterograde and retrograde axonal transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase and anterograde degeneration. Light microscopic findings confirmed that the amygdala projects to the dorsal motor nucleus (DMV) and the nucleus of the solitary tract. Electron microscopic experiments demonstrated degenerating axosomatic and axodendritic terminals in the DMV following electrolytic lesions in the central nucleus of the amygdala.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1983

Induction of hepatic tumors by diethylstilbestrol alone or in synergism with n-nitrosobutylurea in castrated male WF rats.

Inbred male WF rats were castrated at 40 days of age and divided into 5 groups. Group I was given no further treatment. Groups III, IV, and V received pellet implants of 5.0 mg diethylstilbestrol (DES) concurrently with castration. At 50-55 days of age, groups II, IV, and V were given drinking water containing 5.0 mg N-nitrosobutylurea (NBU) per day for 30 days (subthreshold dose). At the termination of NBU treatment, group V further received daily sc injections of 2-bromoergocryptine (CB-154; 0.4 mg/100 g body wt) four times a week throughout the experiment. None of castrated rats or rats castrated and treated with NBU alone developed hepatic tumors (HT) and pituitary tumors (PT). Incidences of HT and PT in groups III, IV, and V were 4/9 (44%) and 7/9 (78%), 15/17 (88%) and 12/17 (71%), and 17/20 (85%) and 4/20 (20%), respectively. The treatment of DES alone resulted in the concurrent development of HT and PT in castrated male rats (group III), and further NBU treatment significantly increased the incidence of HT (group IV). CB-154 treatment did not change the incidence of HT, the number of HT per rat, and the liver weight, although it significantly reduced the incidence of PT, the pituitary weight, and the serum prolactin level in castrated male rats given DES and NBU (group V). These results indicate that DES itself had a direct carcinogenic effect on the liver; this effect was not mediated by prolactin, and NBU increased the effect of DES in this process.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Suppression of diethylstilbestrol and N-nitrosobutylurea-induced mammary and pituitary tumorigenesis in rats by prolonged treatment with 2-bromoergocryptine.

Inbred male W/Fu rats were castrated at 40 days of age (24) and divided into five groups. Group I was given no further treatment. Groups II, IV, and V received pellet implants of 5.0 mg diethylstilbestrol (DES) concurrently with the castration. At 50 to 55 days of age, Groups II, IV, and V were given drinking water containing 5.0 mg N-nitrosobutylurea (NBU)/day for 30 days. This amount does not induce mammary tumors (MTs) in castrated male rats (24) or in female rats (31). At the termination of NBU treatment, Group V received further daily s.c. injections of 2-bromoergocryptine (CB-154; 0.4 mg/100 g body weight) four times/week throughout the experiment. None of the castrated rats or rats castrated and treated with NBU alone developed MT or pituitary tumors (PTs). Incidences of MT and PT in Groups III, IV, and V were three of nine (33%) and seven of nine (78%), 15 of 17 (88%) and 12 of 17 (17%), and three of 20 (15%) and four of 20 (20%), respectively. The treatment with DES alone resulted in the concurrent development of MT and PT in castrated male rats (Group III), and further NBU treatment markedly accelerated the development and growth of MT (Group IV). CB-154 treatment profoundly reduced the incidences of both MT and PT in castrated male rats given DES and NBU (Group V). This treatment also depressed the increase in the number of MT per rat with MT, the pituitary and epididymis weights, and the serum prolactin levels caused by DES treatment. These results indicate that prolonged treatment with CB-154 was effective in the suppression of the concurrent tumorigenesis of mammary and pituitary glands, and the elevation of circulating prolactin levels, by counteracting the continuous stimulatory action of DES. In addition, CB-154 was able to reverse DES-enhanced growth of the epididymis in castrated male rats, suggesting a direct action of prolactin.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Identification of motoneurons supplying the tensor veli palatini muscle in the guinea pig and cat: an horseradish peroxidase study.

Identification of motoneurons supplying the tensor veli palatini muscle was attempted by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method in the guinea pig and cat. After HRP injection into the tensor veli palatini muscle, HRP-labeled neurons were seen in the regions closely medial to the cluster of the lateral pterygoid motoneurons in the dorsolateral division of the trigeminal motor nucleus. In the guinea pig the tensor veli palatini motoneurons were observed at the level of the whole rostrocaudal extent of the trigeminal motor nucleus, while in the cat they were seen at the level of the rostral two-thirds of the nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Localization of motoneurons innervating the tensor tympani muscles: an horseradish peroxidase study in the guinea pig and cat.

Motoneurons innervating the tensor tympani muscle were identified in the adult guinea pig and cat by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. After HRP injection into the tensor tympani muscle, HRP-labeled neurons were seen in the regions outside the cytoarchitectonically-defined confines of the trigeminal motor nucleus; in the regions rostral to the rostral pole of the nucleus, as well as in the regions ventral and ventrolateral to the nucleus at the levels of the rostral half (guinea pig) or the rostral two-thirds (cat) of the nucleus. The tensor tympani motoneurons were generally smaller than the masticatory motoneurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A retino-pulvinar projection in the macaque monkey as visualized by the use of anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase.

A direct retino-pulvinar connection was found in the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) by the anterograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. HRP injected into the vitreous cavity of one eye labeled a few small clusters of optic fiber terminals in the medial border regions of the inferior pulvinar nucleus bilaterally, with a contralateral predominance.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1982

Localization of masticatory motoneurons in the trigeminal motor nucleus of the guinea pig.

The myotopical arrangement of masticatory motoneurons was examined in the guinea pig by the horseradish peroxidase method. The trigeminal motor nucleus was composed of dorsolateral and ventromedial divisions; the former was seen in the whole rostrocaudal extent of the nucleus, while the latter was present at levels of the caudal two thirds of the nucleus. The jaw-closer motoneurons were located in the dorsolateral division, and the jaw-opener motoneurons (mylohyoid and anterior digastric motoneurons) were seen in the ventromedial division.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Direct projections from the extrathalamic forebrain structures to the neocortex in the macaque monkey.

Extrathalamic direct projections from the subcortical forebrain structures to the neocortex were examined in the macaque monkey by the horseradish peroxidase method. The enzyme, when injected into discrete regions in the neocortex, labeled cell bodies of extrathalamic forebrain neurons in the basal nucleus of Meynert, nucleus of the diagonal band, medial septal nucleus, hypothalamus, claustrum and dorsolateral part of the basal amygdaloid nucleus. Neurons in the basal nucleus of Meynert, lateral hypothalamus and claustrum appeared to send their axons widely, but not diffusely, to the neocortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Topographical representation of the hypoglossal nerve branches and tongue muscles in the hypoglossal nucleus of macaque monkeys.

Representation of the hypoglossal nerve branches and tongue muscles was examined in the hypoglossal nucleus of macaques by the horseradish peroxidase method. The nucleus was divided cytoarchitectonically into the medial and lateral divisions at rostral levels, and into the mediodorsal, medioventral, ventral and laterodorsal divisions at caudal levels. The medial, mediodorsal, medioventral and ventral divisions supplied the medial branch. The lateral and laterodorsal divisions supplied the lateral branch. The geniohyoid motoneurons (MN) composed the ventral division. The genioglossus MN were clustered dorsally in the medial division. The hyoglossus and styloglossus MN were located most laterally in the laterodorsal division.

Animals↗