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Biomedical subjects

R Martin

Publications and source records attributed to R Martin.

861 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Field focusing and focal heating patterns using a hybrid radiofrequency hyperthermia system.

A novel three-element radiofrequency hyperthermia system, consisting of paired multiple-feed inductors positioned between two large capacitor plates and a moveable grounding point, was designed and constructed. The spatial orientation of these elements and the phase of the current flowing through them can be varied to produce asymmetric magnetic field patterns resulting in development of asymmetric eddy current patterns orthogonal to the magnetic lines of force. These patterns could be further focused by manipulation of the capacitor plates and grounding point. Field and eddy current patterns were subsequently correlated with two-dimensional heating patterns at midplane depth in solid phantoms.

Electromagnetic Fields↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Age dependent changes in signal transduction of glucocorticoid hormones after physiological stress in liver cells of male Wistar rats].

After physiological stress older male Wistar rats showed a faster normalization of the corticosterone level in serum and of the concentration of unoccupied glucocorticoid receptors in liver cytosol than young ones, which is contrary to female rats. The nuclei binding of glucocorticoid receptor complexes (GRC) was significantly reduced in older control animals compared with young ones. The nuclei binding of GRC was reduced in young rats until 60 min after stress compared to controls, whereas it had been increasing in older animals at this time. Contrary to female rats, the addition of the endogenous ATP-stimulated translocation promoter (ASTP) alone or together with ATP did not elevate the nuclei binding, but it groups. Crossing experiments using nuclei of controls and GRC of control and stressed animals, resp., seem to disclose a longer association of GRC with the nuclei in old animals than in young ones.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Playing games with cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

The authors describe the process used to incorporate gaming into a level "A" cardiopulmonary resuscitation course. Needs assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation phases are presented. Staff development instructors can use gaming, an interactive means of instruction, to teach a level "A" cardiopulmonary resuscitation (Heartsaver) course.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The infant with diabetes mellitus: a case study.

Certain aspects of Type I diabetes mellitus are unique to children diagnosed in infancy. These include (a) initial symptoms of Type I diabetes that are easily overlooked by parents and may lead to a delayed diagnosis; (b) rapid progression to a critical state; and (c) recovery, teaching, and return to daily life. Specific nursing care concerns include psychosocial issues for families, technical skills, diet management, and hypoglycemia.

Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Struthers' ligament and associated median nerve variations in a cadaveric specimen.

A Ligament of Struthers has been identified and studied in a cadaveric arm. Its relationships to a rudimentary supracondylar process, the pronator teres muscle, the median nerve, and the medial epicondyle of the humerus are described. Compared to an extensively studied series of normals, the ligament in this case was associated with abnormally proximal branching of the median nerve, a finding which is surgically significant and not addressed in the literature to date.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of cytoplasmic factors on cell nucleus binding of glucocorticoid receptor complexes in the rat liver of two age groups].

The nuclei binding of activated glucocorticoid receptor complexes (GRC) was significantly diminished in old, unstressed rats compared with young ones. In animals killed at different times after physiological stress there were no significant age-dependent differences in nuclei binding of GRC, which recurred in the cytoplasm after 60, 120 and 180 min, resp. Addition of Ca2+ and ATP, resp., to the incubation system increased the nuclei bound part of GRC, especially in young animals. ATP-stimulated translocation promoter (ASTP), isolated from rat liver cytosol, raised the nuclei binding of GRC in both age groups, whereby the increase was only significant in young animals. In cytosol of old rats ASTP were found in a lower concentration; moreover, the reaction between ASTP, GRC, and the template seems to be impaired.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tolerance and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of intrathecally administered human natural interleukin-2: a phase I trial.

Recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) is at present widely applied in the immunotherapy of various advanced cancers. As a number of side effects following the administration of rIL-2, either alone or in combination with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK-) cells, have been reported, a preparation of human leukocyte-derived and fully glycosylated interleukin-2 was used in the present study. We have recently demonstrated in cats that this natural IL-2 (nIL-2) is well tolerated and that the distribution and elimination half-lifes following intrathecal (i.th.) application are considerably longer than those after intravenous (i.v.) injection. To determine whether these long half-lifes and the good tolerance of i.th. given nIL-2 are also found in man, four patients with meningeosis neoplastica received repeated injections of human nIL-2 i.th.. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were drawn at different time intervals from either the lateral ventricle or lumbar subarachnoid space. The doses of nIL-2 ranged from 2 x 10(4) to 4 x 10(5) IU per injection. Only minor side effects were noted in one patient. The half-lifes for distribution and elimination of i.th. given nIL-2 ranged between 0.5-1.7 hours and 4.9-14.4 hours respectively. A linear relationship exists between the i.th. dose of nIL-2 and the area under the cerebrospinal fluid activity time profile curve.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hormonal markers of stress in acute cerebrovascular pathology].

Various studies carried out over the last decade have shown that high glucose levels in the blood foster ischaemic brain damage associated with a worse evolution of such pathologies. The aim of the study we performed was to try to shed some light on whether stress in these patients raised their glucose levels adding to a worsening of the patient's clinical picture. We studied 318 consecutive patients suffering from stroke. We determined fasting glucose levels, prolactin and cortisol within the first few hours of hospitalization and afterwards at seven to ten days and again at one month after the stroke. Clinical severity was evaluated using Toronto and Mathew neurological scales and the degree of incapacity was measured using the Barthel functional scale on the three aforementioned occasions and Rankin's modified scale six and twelve months after the stroke. Clinical severity the first hours after stroke was significantly related to glucose levels, such relationship not being observed with prolactin and cortisol. Nor did we observe any significant association between glucose and these hormones. Likewise the anxiety scale had no relationship with any hormone. Studying medium and long term functional incapacity, glucose significantly correlated with the Rankin scale although with low dependence, such a relationship not being found either with prolactin or cortisol. Our work would seem to indicate that blood glucose behaviour is independent of prolactin and cortisol levels since we found no such relationship between them.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Enzyme adaptation and "vitauct" process].

The existence of a so-called "vitauct process" is discussed by means of the glucocorticoid-induced stimulation of tyrosine aminotransferase activity. Own experiments show that the highest possible stimulation of the enzyme by cortisol and stress in the liver of old Wistar rats is not lower than in young-adult animals. After stress and 4 h after cortisol injection of 0.75 mg/100 g b.w. even a higher sensitivity seems to exist. A main problem for the interpretation of the results is the treatment of the control animals. Stress-free animals and animals to which the hormone-free solvent only under light ether narcosis was injected i.p. (stressed controls) were used. With the lowest injected hormone dose (0.25 mg cortisol/100 g b.w.) the results lie below those of the stressed controls. As a result of the findings of this paper, of the role of the enzyme, and of different influencing factors (e.g., glucocorticoid receptors) we suggest that the used model does not allow a conclusive decision about the existence of a vitauct process.

Adaptation, Physiological↗