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Biomedical subjects

R Martin

Publications and source records attributed to R Martin.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Prescription writing in a pediatric clinic.

A prescription monitoring system was established in our pediatric outpatient clinic. The system was used to monitor prescriptions written by members of our pediatric housestaff and faculty. A total of 884 consecutive prescriptions written during a six-week period were reviewed for the presence of the components of a complete prescription as well as certain prescribing errors. Numerous prescription writing errors were identified. Errors were especially common in prescriptions for controlled substances. The number and types of errors raise important questions about the quality of prescriptions written in our clinic and about the cost of these errors in terms of patient, physician, or pharmacist time as well as drug cost and potential therapeutic mishaps.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1980

[Primary structure of yeast mitochondrial tryptophan-tRNA capable of translating the termination U-G-A codon].

The primary structure of Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial tryptophane-tRNA, isolated by reversed phase chromatography and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has been determined. It is as follows: pA-A-G-G-A-U-A-U-A-G-U-U-U-A-A-D-G-G-D-A-A-A-A-C-A-G-U-U-G-A-psi-U-U-C-A-i6 A (ms2i6 A)-A-psi-C-A-A-U-C-A-U-U-A-G-G-A-G-T-psi-C-G-A-A-U-C-U-C-U-U-U-A-U-C-C-U-U-G-C-C-A. Owing to its anticodon U-C-A-, where U represents a modified uridine, this tRNA can translate the opal codon U-G-A, which is usually a protein synthesis termination codon in cytoplasmic systems.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Cancer of the extrahepatic bile ducts.

Case histories of 47 patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma of extrahepatic bile ducts presenting to M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute over a 30-year period were studied. The disease was more common in males during the sixth and seventh decades of life. A third of the patients had history of cholelithiasis. Four patients had prior history of chronic ulcerative colitis and one patient had congenital choledochal cyst prior to development of cancer of the bile duct. Jaundice was the earliest and the most common presenting sign. The tumor was located in the common bile duct more often than in the hepatic ducts. The overall median survival was eight months with two-year and five-year survival rates of 15% and 3%, respectively. The respective values for patients who had resectable tumors were 21.7 months, 57% and 20%. Ascending cholangitis was a frequent complication in patients treated with dilation and intubation and, overall, hepatic failure and systemic infection were more frequent causes of death than distant metastases.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1980

Radionuclide imaging in pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis.

Five cases of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis diagnosed clinically and with radioisotope studies are reported. All patients presented with symptoms of back pain, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a normal leukocyte count. Three had positive blood cultures and four had changes on plain radiographs. All five had positive phosphate bone and Ga-67 imaging, and two showed paravertebral uptake of gallium giving a "butterfly"-like appearance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The effect of mucolytic agents on the rheologic and transport properties of canine tracheal mucus.

The effect of several sulfhydryl and other agents on the rheologic and mucociliary transport properties of a model secretion, reconstituted canine tracheal mucus, was investigated. The mucus was obtained via the canine tracheal pouch. Rheologic properties were determined by mirorheometry, and the ciliary transport rate was determined using the frog palate technique. It was found that N-acetyl cysteine decreased the elastic modulus, leading to improved mucociliary transport at concentrations such that the mucin did not precipitate. S-carboxymethyl cysteine had no effect on either mucus properties or mucociliary transport rate, and its reported effectiveness in vivo must be due to some mechanism other than solubilization of mucin. Similar results were found with other blocked sulfhydryl compounds. Urea and potassium iodide to decrease mucus elasticity, but are harmful to cilia at the concentrations needed.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1980

[RNA-metabolism in aging (author's transl)].

After intraperitoneal application of 14C-orotic acid the tracer distribution and the labelling of total RNA in different organs of two groups of Wistar rats (5 and 22,5 months old) were represented. After 60 min 2/3 of tracer were found in liver and kidney. The uptake by liver of old animals is decreased significantly. The interactions between the tracer distribution in the organism, the time related uptake by the organs, the organ function (influenced by methimazol) and the specific activity of RNA were represented. From the results the conclusion is drawn that the comparison of the specific activities of total RNA alone--especially in comparison of young with old animals--is not sufficient for the examination of RNA synthesis.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

[Stress and aging (author's transl)].

Under the influence of stress the function of hypothalamic-pituitary system seems to show aging changes, whereas the adrenocortical function is not changed in spite of degenerative morphological changes in aging. By the performance and interpretation of experiments it is necessary to pay attention to the different reaction of young and old animals.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Mammalian-like thermosensitivity in the lower brainstem of the Pekin duck.

In Pekin ducks the brainstem between the preoptic region and the medulla oblongata was probed with chronically implanted bilateral thermodes to evaluate its thermosensory function in temperature regulation. Cooling of the lower mesencephalic and rostral rhombencephalic region in conscious animals elicited cutaneous vasoconstriction and increased metabolic heat production by shivering. This finding contrasts to the observation of a paradoxical inhibition of cold defence activities by cooling the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic region in the same species.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Localization of corticotropin- and endorphin-related peptides in the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary.

The question is examined whether alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin are detectable by enzyme immunocytochemistry in the cells of the intermediate lobe (PI) of the rat pituitary. By applying antibodies against alpha-MSH, ACTH and beta-endorphin on light microscopic sections, intense immunostaining was found in all PI-cells. At the ultrastructural level, after treatment of consecutive serial sections with these three antibodies the immunoreactivity was localized in the same secretory granules. No specific metenkephalin immunoreactivity could be detected in the cells of the intermediate lobe.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗