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Biomedical subjects

R Martin

Publications and source records attributed to R Martin.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Data storage and retrieval by implantable pacemakers for diagnostic purposes.

The functions of many of today's dual-chamber pacemakers are performed using custom microprocessors that are similar to those used in mainframe computers. The data storage and transmission capabilities of these microprocessor-controlled pacemakers can be used to record, process, and transmit information regarding the patient, pacemaker, or patient/pacemaker interaction. The limitations of such data processing systems depend upon (1) quantity and quality of incoming information, (2) software routines for data collection, and (3) the amount of available random access memory (RAM). Data obtained can be useful in patient management and follow-up, particularly in the areas of optimization of programming, monitoring of disease progression, assessment of pharmacologic therapy, and pacemaker troubleshooting. Anticipated advances in data collection capabilities will allow increasingly sophisticated analysis that will complement, and may in some cases, supplant the Holter monitor recording in evaluating some aspects of rhythm and/or pacemaker behavior in selected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Isolation of Legionella species from drinking water.

Three different species of Legionella were recovered from samples of water taken from chlorinated public water supplies where no coliform bacteria were simultaneously detected. Five of 856 samples yielded Legionella isolates. Three isolates were identified as Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, the fourth was identified as Legionella dumoffii, and the fifth was identified as Legionella jordanis. Studies to determine the survival of L. pneumophila Flint 1 serogroup 1 in tap water at various temperatures and in tap water with added sodium hypochlorite were done. These organisms were found to survive for 299 days in tap water at 24 and 5 degrees C but not at 35 degrees C. A concentration of at least 0.2 mg of residual chlorine per ml was required to eliminate at least 90% of L. pneumophila and Escherichia coli inocula in 2 h.

Legionella↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of Transgrow and Gonozyme for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in mailed specimens.

The Transgrow culture system and Gonozyme (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure, were compared by examining 510 patients (320 females, 190 males) from whom duplicate genital swabs were obtained for the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. Both Transgrow and the Gonozyme swabs were mailed to the laboratory. Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory data for the 30 specimens for which there were discrepancies were evaluated to determine the probability of gonorrhea. At the same time, Gonozyme was compared to on-site Thayer-Martin cultures from 258 of the 510 patients, with a 93% agreement. When sensitivity and specificity were calculated on the basis of clinical, epidemiological, and on-site laboratory data, Gonozyme had a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 99%. Transgrow culture was considered to have a 100% specificity and a sensitivity of 69%. Gonozyme appeared to be a superior method for the diagnosis of gonorrhea by means of mailed specimens.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1984

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, phage type 29/52/80, in Michigan.

Staphylococcus aureus, phage type 29/52/80, caused an outbreak of infections in Michigan over a period of two years and continues to be the most prevalent type seen. Of 3,752 isolates typed in 1980-81, 25 per cent were this phage type, which was strongly associated with methicillin resistance. Using this phage type as an indicator, we could demonstrate the spread of methicillin resistant staphylococci from Detroit metropolitan hospitals to suburban and, to a lesser extent, to hospitals outside the Detroit area.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1984

Pathophysiology of venous claudication.

Patients with chronic iliofemoral venous obstruction may develop severe thigh pain and a sensation of tightness with vigorous exercise (venous claudication). The discomfort requires 15 to 20 minutes to subside. In the seven patients studied the venous capacitance (VC) and venous outflow (VO) are lower than those of the unaffected limb even at rest. With exercise to the point of pain, the VO was unchanged but the VC decreased even further. The problem appears to rest with the venous collaterals, which have a high and fixed resistance. Because of this high outflow resistance, venous volume increases to near maximum during exercise. With this rise in venous volume, the amount the VC can increase during the period immediately following exercise is further reduced.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Tonotopic bands produced by tones commenced long after 2-deoxyglucose injection.

Presentation of two different tones at two different time periods each under two different types (14C or 3H) of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) produced two bands of labelling in the inferior colliculus (IC) of a guinea pig. Filtering tests revealed that both bands were produced by only one of the labels (14C). Four guinea pigs were given one injection of 2-DG and then stimulated with two tones, each presented at different time periods. Two bands of labelling were produced in IC, with one band being produced by tones given 55-90 min after injection. The implications of this long lasting effect of 2-DG are discussed for the general 2-DG model and for sequential double labelling experiments.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1983

Respiratory mucous secretions in patients with cystic fibrosis: relationship between levels of highly sulfated mucin component and severity of the disease.

The tracheobronchial secretions from cystic fibrosis patients contained higher levels of protein, DNA and sialic acid than the tracheobronchial secretions from healthy donors. In contrast, the neutral hexose content in CF secretions was strikingly lower than in secretions from normal subjects. The levels of neutral hexose and sialic acid in the CF secretions were found to increase with increasing severity of the disease. The alterations in the levels of these chemical parameters in the secretions of patients with increased disease severity are as a result of increased levels of the mucin content of the secretions, especially of the highly sulfated mucin component. Since mucins are considered, to a large extent, responsible for the viscoelastic properties of the secretions, the enhanced levels of the highly sulfated mucin component in the secretions of the patients with increased disease severity, may contribute to altered rheological properties and hence decreased mucociliary transport of the secretions.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1983

Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the pedal ganglion of Mytilus edulis (Bivalvia) and its proximity to dopamine-containing structures.

The presence of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the pedal ganglion of the bivalve mollusc Mytilus edulis has been demonstrated. Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity is highly localized in those intraganglionic regions rich in dopamine-containing structures. In addition, FMRF-NH2-like (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-HN2) immunoreactivity was found to occur in intraganglionic regions that are devoid of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity. The differential topographic distribution of these peptidergic immunoreactivities suggests involvement in separate functions. By contrast, the closeness of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity to dopamine histofluorescence supports previous data demonstrating biochemical and physiological links between these two systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Background illumination and its effects on peripheral visual awareness for miners using cap lamps.

The effects on the detection of objects moving in the peripheral field of adding ambient illumination (giving an illuminance of 5 lux) to that provided by a miner's cap lamp were examined in simulated underground conditions. The results indicated that an object moving into the visual field was detected at a significantly wider angle with the 5 lux ambient illuminance than without it and that greater target reflectance also increased the range of peripheral vision.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

An attempt to characterize by immunocytochemical methods the enkephalin-like material in oxytocin endings of the rat neurohypophysis.

An antibody raised against dynorphin 1-8 was immunoreactive in the rat neurohypophysis in vasopressin but not in oxytocin endings. Oxytocin but not vasopressin terminals were immunostained when a Met5-enkephalin, a N-terminally directed monoclonal beta-endorphin antibody and an enkephalin-Met5-Arg6-Phe7 antibody were applied. The immunocytochemical reactions indicate that oxytocin terminals and their granules store pro-enkephalin-A derived opioid peptide fragments.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Dopamine-inhibited release of prolactin and intermediate lobe-POMC-peptides: different modulation by opioids.

Primary monolayer cultures of anterior or intermediate lobe (IL) cells from rat pituitaries were grown in microtiter plates, and the test substances were added after 5 days. The hormones were measured by RIAs for rat prolactin, -MSH, ACTH and beta-endorphin/beta-LPH. The dopamine (DA) inhibition of prolactin secretion was attenuated by addition of equimolar (10(-7), 10(-6)M) concentration of beta-endorphin. Furthermore, the DA effect was blocked, when the beta-endorphin-release of anterior pituitary cells was stimulated by vasopressin. In contrast, the DA induced inhibition of hormone-release of IL-cells (e.g. -MSH, ACTH and beta-endorphin) was not influenced by addition of opioids. Our results indicate, that under certain conditions (e.g. stress) the stimulated secretion of prolactin could be mediated partially by a direct action of pituitary beta-endorphin at the lactotroph. On the other hand, we found no indication for a modulation of the dopamine-induced inhibition of IL-peptides by opioids.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗