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Biomedical subjects

R Macklin

Publications and source records attributed to R Macklin.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

What to tell the patient with optic neuritis about multiple sclerosis.

If the ophthalmologist tells the patient with an initial isolated attack of optic neuritis that multiple sclerosis may develop, will he/she worry the patient needlessly or provide useful information that the patient is rightfully entitled to have? In this set of articles, the philosophies and individual circumstances that should influence the ophthalmologist in deciding what information to supply are discussed.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethical principles in the conduct of menopause research.

The same ethical principles that apply to biomedical research in general also govern research on menopause. The principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice embody ethical concerns in the selection and recruitment of subjects, the process of obtaining informed consent from potential subjects, the assessment of risks and benefits, and the conduct of the research itself. An argument might be made that to conduct research on menopause in which some subjects fail to receive-hormone replacement therapy would be unethical. This argument contains a number of fallacies. The assumption that women are incapable of weighing the risks and benefits and deciding whether to participate in the research betrays a lack of respect for women's capacity for critical evaluation. The principle of beneficence supports carrying out research to enhance the scientific knowledge on which to base treatment recommendations. The principle of justice requires that long-overdue research be conducted on aspects of the aging process affecting more than 50% of the population.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethics, politics, and human embryo stem cell research.

Three reports on ethical aspects of research involving human embryonic stem cells were issued in the final months of 1999. Two were from governmental agencies or commissions: the National Institutes of Health and the National Bioethics Advisory Commission. The third report was issued by the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Institute for Civil Society. All three reports endorse the use of federal funds for embryonic stem cell research, but other differences distinguish these reports. This article describes the differences and provides an ethical analysis of the main arguments.

Embryo, Mammalian↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The inner workings of an ethics committee: latest battle over Jehovah's Witnesses.

Jehovah's Witnesses who refuse blood transfusions on religious grounds have long created ethical dilemmas for those in the medical profession trying to serve them. A bioethicist working in a clinical setting explores how one hospital ethics committee grappled with the additional problem of pregnant Jehovah's Witnesses, including the complex interdependence of maternal and fetal rights.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reversing the presumption: the IOM report on women in health research.

On February 24, 1994, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released its report entitled Women and Health Research: Ethical and Legal Issues of Including Women in Clinical Studies. That report highlighted principles of justice in calling for the inclusion of women in clinical studies. This article addresses one key feature of the report, the controversial recommendation that pregnant and lactating women be considered eligible for enrollment in clinical studies. This recommendation of the report effectively reverses the previously existing presumption that excluded pregnant women from most clinical studies and severely restricted enrollment of women of "childbearing potential." The committee explicitly rejected a view of pregnant women as "vulnerable," along with the paternalism inherent in denying women of childbearing potential the same autonomy granted to other competent adults enabling them to decide whether to volunteer as research subjects. The ethical principles used by the committee in reaching these conclusions are described.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circumcision revisited.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Circumcision, Female↗