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Biomedical subjects

R Müller

Publications and source records attributed to R Müller.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[HBs-antigen-positive chronic aggressive hepatitis].

In the treatment of HBs-Ag positive, chronic aggressive hepatitis three therapeutic methods can principally be applied: immunosuppression, immunostimulation and an attempt at medicamentous inhibition of the virus propagation. According to the present view, the immunosuppressive treatment with glucocorticoids and azathioprine is very risky in the antigen positive form and doubtful as far as the application is concerned; it simply suppresses the defensive reaction of the organism, thus encouraging the virus replication. In individual cases remissions could be achieved by immuno-stimulation with BCG vaccine or cell wall preparations of the Propionibacterium granulosum, or by an abrupt discontinuation of an immunosuppression. Neither has the virostatic treatment with vidarabin and its monophosphatester , which was introduced in the last few years, brought any new breakthroughs. Under treatment it is mostly possible to block the virus propagation, however, after discontinuation relapses are usually the rule and lasting therapeutic successes the exception to the rule.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1984

Co-transfection of normal NIH/3T3 DNA and retroval LTR sequences: a novel strategy for the detection of potential c-onc genes.

Morphologically transformed, tumorigenic cell lines were obtained after co-transfecting normal NIH/3T3 DNA and cloned 3'-long terminal repeat sequences of Moloney leukemia virus (Mo-LTR) onto NIH/3T3 recipient cells. In four such cell lines the malignant phenotype was found to be associated with single and specific Mo-LTR integration sites that were retained after serial passages through NIH/3T3 and rat 208F cells, indicating that Mo-LTR sequences are linked to the activated oncogenes. In one of these clones the activated transforming gene was identified as c-raf, the cellular homologue of a recently described retroviral oncogene. This finding not only demonstrates that the mouse c-raf gene can be activated to exhibit an oncogenic potential but also that the approach chosen in this study is suitable for the detection of potential c-onc genes. In contrast to this clone, the activated transforming genes in other cell lines appear to be different from 19 previously isolated v-onc and c-onc genes. These results demonstrate the potential of the established transformation system for the detection and isolation of previously unidentified c-onc genes.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Differential expression of c-fos in hematopoietic cells: correlation with differentiation of monomyelocytic cells in vitro.

Among various neonatal mouse tissues, elevated levels of c-fos transcripts have been detected in crude preparations of bone. Here, we show that c-fos expression originates in the bone marrow, and to a lesser extent in adherent cells (macrophages). High levels of c-fos expression were also detected in primary cultures of differentiated bone marrow-derived macrophages, but not in cell lines resembling immature hematopoietic cells. However, when the human promyelocytic cell line HL60 was induced in vitro to differentiate into macrophages, c-fos expression was readily detectable. These findings suggest that c-fos expression in mononuclear phagocytic cells is restricted to late stages of differentiation. This pattern of c-fos expression is in marked contrast to those of the c-myb and c-myc genes which are transcriptionally active predominantly in precursor cells. In the amnion, where c-fos expression increases to high levels at late stages of gestation, synthesis of c-fos protein occurs in cells that do not resemble macrophages. It thus appears that c-fos expression in several distinct cell types is correlated with differentiation processes.

Amnion↗
PubMed1984

[Psychosocial determinants of dietary habits].

To the nutritional-scientific point of view of consumption habits is opposed the sociological one and briefly explained. It is discussed that only a greater knowledge of psychosocial determinants would make it possible to influence eating habits. A project for the collection of these determinants is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of the effect of semisynthetic human insulin and porcine insulin on glucose kinetics, plasma free fatty acid and amino acid levels in man.

The effect of semisynthetic human insulin on hepatic glucose output, peripheral glucose clearance, plasma levels of C-Peptide, free fatty acids and amino acids was compared with purified pork insulin using the glucose clamp technique. 8 normal overnight-fasted subjects received intravenous infusions of either human or porcine insulin at 20 mU/m2.min(-1) during 120 min achieving plasma insulin levels of approximately equal to 50 mU/l. Plasma glucose levels were maintained at euglycaemia by variable rates of glucose infusion. Hepatic glucose production measured by continuous infusion of 3-(3) H-glucose was similarly suppressed by both insulins to rates near zero. The metabolic clearance rate of glucose increased during infusion of human insulin by 120%, C-peptide levels decreased by 41% and plasma FFA concentrations fell by 74%. The respective changes during infusion of pork insulin were similar, 118%, 48% and 72%. Both insulins decreased the plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids, tyrosine, phenylalanine, methionine, serine and histidine similarly. Thus, the results demonstrate that semisynthetic human and porcine insulin are aequipotent with respect to suppression of hepatic glucose output, stimulation of glucose clearance, inhibition of insulin secretion, lipolysis and proteolysis.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Effect of a specific serine protease inhibitor on the rat pancreas: systemic administration of camostate and exocrine pancreatic secretion.

Camostate, a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, specifically inhibits the trypsin activity in vitro. Immediately after intravenous administration of camostate (5, 2.5, 0.5, and 0.1 mg/kg body weight/h) the trypsin activity in the biliary-pancreatic juice was diminished dose-dependently in anaesthetized rats. The amylase release was not influenced. Camostate and its metabolites were detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography in the pancreatic juice and tissue; in plasma, only the metabolites were found. Therefore, the inhibitory action of camostate on the trypsin activity in the biliary-pancreatic juice may be due to penetration of camostate into the juice.

Amylases↗
PubMed1984

[1st cured case of bovine herpes mamillitis in Switzerland].

The first outbreak of bovine herpes mamillitis in Switzerland has been observed and diagnosed in autumn 1983. Bovid herpesvirus type 2 (BHV-2) could be isolated from lesions of the cows' teats and was characterized by its morphology and by serological methods. Serological examinations of all the animals of the affected herd did not reveal conclusive data relating to time and source of the primary infection. Questions concerning epidemiology, especially in view of latency, therapeutic and prophylactic possibilities are discussed.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1984

[Total skin electron therapy of mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome].

There is no doubt about the effectiveness of radiotherapy as total skin electron irradiation in the therapy of mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome. Dose distribution in skin and body surface (measured on the Alderson phantom) as well as the therapy scheme by electron therapy are presented. The Stanford group observed that 84% of their patients achieved a complete remission by aggressive (greater than 3,000 rad) total skin electron irradiation. The overall survival rate was 46% at 10 years with the major prognostic factor being the initial extent of skin involvement.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Chloridazon-catechol dioxygenases, a distinct group of meta-cleaving enzymes.

We previously described a new meta-cleaving enzyme, termed chloridazon-catechol dioxygenase. The present paper describes the comparison of this enzyme with the meta-cleaving enzymes of eighteen strains of soil bacteria isolated with various aromatic compounds. Four of these strains were isolated with the herbicide chloridazon, six with the analgeticum aminopyrine and one with the analgeticum antipyrine as sole carbon source. These strains all belonged to a new type of bacteria, called Phenylobacteria. The seven other strains were isolated with aromatic compounds such as toluene, 3-phenylpropionate, benzoate, papaverine and 4-chlorobenzoate, and belonged to various species including Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Nocardia. In double diffusion experiments with antibodies, prepared against chloridazon-catechol dioxygenase, extracts from the eleven strains of Phenylobacteria gave a cross reaction, whereas the extracts of the seven other strains showed no reaction. The enzymes of the eleven positive strains showed the same characteristic kinetic behaviour as the previously described enzyme. In contrast to catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase they needed the addition of exogenous Fe2+ ions for activity. On ion-exchange chromatography they emerged at the same buffer concentration as chloridazon-catechol dioxygenase. In polyacrylamide electrophoresis they migrated identically. The linkage map derived from the activities of the various enzymes with 10 different substrates revealed an identity of more than 80% for these eleven enzymes. So the meta-cleaving enzymes of the Phenylobacteria seem to form a distinct group among the non-heme iron-containing dioxygenases.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1984

[Epidemiology of non-A, non-B hepatitis].

Hepatitis non-A-non-B is a nosologically homogeneous group of diseases probably caused by different infectious agents. Laboratory tests specific for these agents are not yet available. Epidemiologically one has to distinguish occurence of the disease after transfusion and sporadically occuring disease. In addition, epidemics have been reported, which seem to be similar to hepatitis A virus infection in regard to epidemiological and clinical pattern. Hepatitis non-A-non-B makes up for about 25% of all cases with hepatitis caused by virus, sporadically occuring cases predominate. In our own group of patients only 10% occured after transfusion. Hepatitis non-A-non-B occurs in adults, about equally in males and females; there are no saisonal influences to be observed. Blood transfusion, substitution of coalgulation factors, parenteral drug abuse and hemodialysis represent definite high risk situations. Nosocomial infections in professional people (doctors, nurses) and infections of sexual partners occure more rarely as is the case in hepatitis B. Perinatal transmission of the infectious agents of hepatitis non-A-non-B still has to be clarified.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Phenotype of trisomy 9].

A male infant with multiple malformations (cleft lip und palate, contractures of joints, aplasias and dysplasias of fingers and toes), antenatal and postnatal dystrophy and severe retardation of psychomotor development as features of trisomy 9 is described. The phenotype of this rare chromosomal aberration is summarized from 20 cases published since 1973.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗