Patient attitudes toward mental hospitalization: a review of quantitative research.
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Attitude to Health↗
Biomedical subjects
R M Weinstein
Publications and source records attributed to R M Weinstein.
The avowal of motives for marijuana behavior.
The present report is a comparative analysis of data from different studies on the motives avowed for the use and nonuse of marijuana. Qualitative data on the reasons given by users and nonusers for their behavior were first described and categorized according to 21 verbal patterns. Then these categories were utilized to analyze quantitative data by various investigators, i.e., were the means to compare the frequencies with which each kind of motive was verbalized. The results indicated that knowledge-ableness is by far the most frequently expressed motive for the initial use of marijuana. Continued use, however, is largely explained either on the grounds of self-fulfillment or with an appeal to psychological drives. Habitual users in different studies mentioned almost all categories of reasons for smoking more often than did occasional users. Explanations for the two types of nonuse were also quite dissimilar. For the discontinued use of pot, lack of interest is claimed as the chief motivation; but for never use, appeals to illegality, injury, drug addiction, and morality are asserted more frequently. Several conclusions based on these findings are drawn.
Cannabis↗
Interpersonal expectations for marijuana behavior.
Interpersonal expectations for marijuana behavior were investigated by means of open-ended questions. Users and nonusers were asked how the use and nonuse of marijuana affect people's relationships, and their spontaneous replies were assembled into 22 categories. These categories were then cross-tabulated with behavioral, social, experiential, and attitudinal variables. The findings indicated that frequency of marijuana use and favorableness in drug attitude are the key variables that influence the degree to which different categories of interpersonal expectations are mentioned. Current users most often believe that social improvement is a consequence of use but have few specific expectations for nonuse. Former users and nonusers with unfavorable drug attitudes emphasize that social impairment and personal impairment follow from use and mainly expect user rejection for nonuse. Nonusers favorable to marijuana tend to anticipate no change in relationships as a result of use and see social impairment and personal impairment as important outcomes of nonuse. The findings are discussed in terms of interpersonal data from other marijuana studies.
Adolescent↗
The imputation of motives for marijuana behavior.
The motives imputed to marijuana use and nonuse by both users and nonusers were investigated by means of open-ended questions. Verbal responses were categorized to symbolize typal vocabularies of motive, and these categories were tabulated against behavioral, social, experiential, and attitudinal variables. The results indicated that frequency of marijuana use and favorableness in drug attitude are the key factors that influence the degree to which different vocabular explanations are offered. Current users most often say that personal experience and personal reward are the motives behind use of the drug, and that legal sanctions and psychomedical effects largely account for its nonuse. Nonusers with unfavorable attitudes tend to verbalize emotional relief and psychological dependence as the motivations for use, and emotional independence for nonuse. Some of the vocabularies of both of these groups are emphasized by former users and nonusers with favorable attitudes. Interpretations of the data in terms of sociological theories of motives are presented.
Attitude↗