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Biomedical subjects

R M Suskind

Publications and source records attributed to R M Suskind.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Impaired intestinal localization of mesenteric lymphoblasts associated with vitamin A deficiency and protein-calorie malnutrition.

We examined whether protein-calorie (PC) and vitamin A (VA) deficiencies altered the intestinal localization of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) lymphoblasts using an adoptive lymphocyte transfer method. MLN cells from donor rats were labelled in vitro with [125I]-deoxyuridine and injected i.v. into various recipients. Twenty-two to twenty-four hours after transfer of labelled cells prepared from PC-deficient donors, the percentage of radioactivity in the small intestine of normal recipients was two-thirds of that detected after transfer of cell obtained from normal donors. When donor cells were obtained from rats suffering both PC and VA malnourishment, this decrease was even greater, being only one-third of the normal donor cell control. Other experiments indicated that the defect in localization behaviour was associated with the donor blasts and not the recipient intestine. These findings suggest that defective localization in mucosal lymphoblasts may be a factor contributing to morbidity in malnourished populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Single-nutrient effects on immunologic functions. Report of a workshop sponsored by the Department of Food and Nutrition and its nutrition advisory group of the American Medical Association.

Immune system dysfunction can result from singlie-nutrient deficiencies or excesses, alone or in combination with generalized protein-energy malnutriton. Acquired immune dysfunctions in man occur with deficiencies of iron, zinc, vitamins A and B12, pyridoxine, and folic acid and with excesses of essential fatty acids and vitamin E. Additional micronutrients are important for maintaining immunologic competence in animals. Deficits or excesses of many trace elements and single nutrients thus have potential for causing immune dysfunctions in man. Since nutritionally induced immune dysfunction is generally reversible, it is important to recognize and identify clinical illnesses in which immunologic dysfunctions are of nutritional origin. Correction of malnutrition should lead to prompt reversal of acquired immune dysfunctions.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed1981

A study of the nutritional status of pediatric cancer patients.

The records of 455 children were reviewed to investigate the relationship of nutritional status at time of first referral to various measurements of disease and survival. Initial symptoms of weight loss, anorexia, fatigue, and early satiety were all directly correlated. Serum albumin level and nutritional status were not directly correlated. Likewise, there was no direct relationship between performance status and nutritional status. However, higher values of serum albumin were associated with better performance status. Nutritional status was directly related to freedom from relapse among children with solid tumors whether they had localized or non-localized disease. In addition, improved survival was related to good nutritional status for children with localized disease, whereas those with advanced disease had a poorer survival regardless of their nutritional status. Nutritional status appears to have prognostic implications among children with cancer.

Body Height↗
PubMed1981

Effects of iron deficiency anemia on delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity in mice.

In the present study, the effect of iron-deficiency anemia on delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity was measured using weanling C57BL/6 female mice which were fed either an ad libitum control diet supplemented with 25 to 30 mg Fe/kg diet (FePO4), an iron-deficient test diet (5 to 6 mg Fe/kg diet), or pairfed control diet (25 to 30 mg Fe/kg diet). When skin sensitizing agent (dinitrofluorobenzene) was applied to these animals and skin responses were measured 3 to 5 days later, anemic mice showed a significantly decreased inflammatory skin response than either control or pairfed mice. Five days after sensitization, the animals were challenged with dinitrofluorobenzene painted on the right ear and an equal dose of only the solvent on the left ear followed by 125I-deoxyuridine injected intraperitoneally. The ratio of either total or DNA associated radioactivity incorporated into the right over the left ears was significantly lower in anemic mice than either control or pairfed mice. A single dose of Imferon injected 24 h before the recall dose of dinitrofluorobenzene restored the ratio of 125I-dUR incorporated in anemic mice without having any significant effect on either the control or pairfed groups. The results suggest that iron is not required for sensitization but is required for an effective inflammatory response.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1981

Consequences of modified fasting in obese pediatric and adolescent patients: effect of a carbohydrate-free diet on serum proteins.

Serum proteins were monitored during three studies of obese adolescents treated with protein-supplemented fasting in a clinical research center. In the first study of nine patients, small but significant decreases were noted for total serum protein, albumin, transferrin, retinol-binding protein, and complement beta 1c after 4 wk of carbohydrate-free protein-supplemented fast. In a further study of four of these same patients, the substitution of 400 glucose cal for 400 fat cal in a 5th wk of dietary study returned the total protein and retinol-binding protein concentrations to base-line levels. In a 3rd study of four patients, only complement beta 1c was significantly below base-line concentrations after 3 wk on a carbohydrate-containing protein-supplemented fast. There is an apparent metabolic effect of carbohydrate ingestion on maintaining usual concentrations of serum proteins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Consequences of modified fasting in obese pediatric and adolescent patients. I. Protein-sparing modified fast.

Sixteen obese patients 9 to 16 years of age were treated with a protein-sparing modified fast for four weeks in a metabolic unit, using lean meat as the sole calorie-containing nutrient. Total weight loss was 7.11 +/- 0.33 kg (mean +/- SEM). One-half of the patients achieved positive daily nitrogen balance by the fourth week. Cumulative N balance was -28.8 +/- 10.0 gm. Serum albumin concentration remained normal. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were stable, but decreases in total lymphocyte (P less than 0.005) and neutrophil counts (P less than 0.01) were noted. Cell-mediated immunity (four patients) remained normal. Protein synthetic and catabolic rates (two patients) revealed only minimal changes. Cumulative N balance correlated (P less than 0.01) with mean fasting serum insulin concentration, which was related (P less than 0.005) to body fat mass. The PSMF has therapeutic potential for achieving safe, rapid weight loss in severely obese older children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Parenteral feeding in the management of children with cancer.

Total parenteral nutrition TPN has been used to treat or prevent malnutrition in 65 children with a variety of solid tumors and leukemia in the past 7 years. TPN was used in 58 patients with gastrointestinal complications of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation; in 2 patients for preoperative correction of malnutrition; and in 8 who were entered into a prospective study. During TPN, general nutrition and appearance improved in all patients. Weight gain was noted in most. Despite gastrointestinal complications, which usually require the interruption of chemotherapy and radiation, treatment could be continued at full dose in 31 children with nutritional support by TPN. TPN was discontinued in 6 patients when blood cultures became positive. Sepsis was treated successfully by removal of the central venous catheter in all 6 and administration of antibiotics in 3. TPN appears to be safe and effective means of combating malnutrition which may occur with cancer and its therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Nutritional survey of hospitalized pediatric patients.

A nutrition survey in a pediatric referral center revealed one-third of patients had evidence of acute malnutrition. Weight for height was below 90% of standard in 46 of 129 (36%), arm muscle area was below the 15th percentile in 67 of 180 (37%), triceps skinfold was below the 15th percentile in 34 of 181 (19%), and total lymphocyte count was below 1500 in 26 of 137 (19%) subjects. Protein-energy malnutrition may be an important contributor to prolonged hospitalization and hospital-acquired morbidity amond United States pediatric patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The effect of vitamin A deficiency on the in vitro cellular immune response of rats.

The effect of vitamin A deficiency on the response of splenic lymphocytes to mitogenic stimulation was determined in an experimental rat model. Male Lewis rats were divided into three groups. The ad libitum group (AL) was fed unlimited amounts of a vitamin A-supplemented diet. The vitamin A-deficient group (DEF) received a commercial vitamin A-free diet. The pair-fed group (PF) received a vitamin A-containing diet equivalent in amount to that consumed by the DEP group. During the early stages of vitamin A deficiency (determined by cessation of weight gain), the rats were killed and the isolated splenic lymphocytes subjected to mitogenic stimulation. Lymphocytes from DEF rats had one-third the transformation response to the mitogens Concanavalin A, Phytohemagglutinin and E. coli Lipopolysaccharide S of the AL and PF groups. When the DEF rats were supplemented with vitamin A, the transformation response returned to control values within 3 days. In addition to the alterations in the immune response, the DEF rats showed a marked leukopenia, a decrease in the number of circulating lymphocytes and an increase in the number of circulating neutrophils.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Changes in the red blood cell membrane in protein-calorie malnutrition.

Ten children with protein-calorie malnutrition (five with kwashiorkor, three with marasmus, and two with marasmic-kwashiorkor) were studied at hospital admission and during recovery for evidence of changes in red blood cell lipids, osmotic fragility, and chromium survival. On admission, the children had significantly higher-than-normal red blood cell membrane cholesterol and phospholipid, and an elevated cholesterol:phospholipid ratio. Both red blood cell osmotic fragility and red cell survivals were depressed. These measurements returned to normal limits with recovery.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1976

Interactions of nutrition and infection.

Interactions between malnutrition and infection contribute directly to the health of individuals and communities. The relevance of this concept to the practice of clinical medicine, dentistry, and public health is supported by an imposing collection of evidence from the clinic, laboratory, and field. Malnutrition can interfere with any body mechanism that acts as a barrier to the multiplication or progress of infectious agents. This includes formation of specific antibodies, number and activity of phagocytes, integrity of skin, mucous membranes, and other tissues. Some of the less definite, nonspecific protective substances in body fluids are also affected by malnutrition. Infectious disease adversely influences the nutritional state in several indirect ways. Loss of appetite and intolerance for food result in metabolic changes. Cultural factors lead to substitution of less nutritious diets as a presumed therapeutic measure and to administration of purgatives, antibiotics, and other medicines that reduce digestion or absorption of specific nutrients. All of these may help to precipitate kwashiorkor in children subsisting on protein-deficient diets. Classical nutritional deficiencies precipitated by infection in individuals with borderline nutrient depletion include: keratomalacia due t avitaminosis-A; scurvey from lack of ascorbic acid; beriberi as a consequence of inadequate thiamin; pellagra resulting from insufficient niacin; macrocytic anemia due to folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency; and microcytic anemia resulting from a shortage of iron. In well nourished individuals, body reserves and normal dietary intake assure that malnutrition will not result unless infection is prolonged.

Antibody Formation↗